英文论文结论部分的写作

俗话说，龙头凤尾，所以对于英文论文写作来说，结尾部分和开头一样重要。在英文论文写作中，结尾部分又称结论部分，它的内容主要是对前文进行总结和升华，呼应前文。大家在写作英文论文结论部分的时候，注意不能出现新的观点，下面就给大家详细讲解一下。

结论部分的写作要求是：措词严谨，逻辑严密，文字具体，常象条文一样，按顺序1、2、3……列成条文，用语斩钉截铁，且只能作一种解释，不能模棱两可、含糊其词。文字上也不应夸大，对尚不能完全肯定的内容注意留有余地。

写作内容一般应包括以下几个方面：

1.本文研究结果说明了什么问题；

2.对前人有关的看法作了哪些修正、补充、发展、证实或否定。

3.本文研究的不足之处或遗留未予解决的问题，以及对解决这些问题的可能的关键点和方向。

作为论文的结尾，结论需要对论文起总结作用，通过阅读之前的正文，读者基本已经了解了作者的研究课题，所以结论主要就是再给读者一个完整的总结。除了将论文提纲复述下，还要特别注明论文的创新点，并且指出研究工作的不足之处，或者今后需要继续努力的方向。而就论文而言，评审专家在阅读过论文之后，实际上也已经在脑中对作者的论文内容，意义，价值和不足之处有了大致的评判。

因此，这里特别需要作者在结论对本次研究工作坦诚布公地向专家说明。通过自己的叙述，评审专家能够相信作者对工作了解还是比较透彻的，成绩和不足是心中有数的。另外，作者还应该注意结论和序言部分的对应性，前后要有呼应。

以上就是关于英文论文结论部分的讲解，想要把这部分写作好是需要掌握一定的写作方法以及写作技巧的，希望上面的内容能帮到大家。

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Paper代写：Management law

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- Management law，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了管理定律。管理定律，就是在长期的实践过程中，通过不断地摸索和总结形成的管理思想。它所阐述的理论和方法，不仅适用于特定的环境，而且也能够应用于各个领域。正是由于管理定律的这种特性，它成为当今管理工作中不可或缺的组成部分。

The so-called law of management is a management thought formed through continuous exploration and summary in the long process of practice. The theories and methods it expounds can not only be applied to specific environments, but also can be applied to various fields. It is because of this characteristic of the law of management that it has become an integral part of today's management. Teaching motivation must pay attention to ways and methods.

American psychologist overstreet once said: "the action of human beings comes from the psychological need. So the best way to impress someone is first to arouse a strong need in their heart. Inner need refers to a deep desire hidden in people's heart. Once the right motivation is met, the desire will turn into motivation and be put into action. In the teaching process, paying attention to students' inner needs should be paid attention to students' interests. Interest can bring students not only the lasting and eternal motivation, but also the fulcrum to realize their dreams and create the future. The inner need is the foundation of interest, and interest is the extension of the inner need. If the knowledge only stays on the surface, then it can only be a means to achieve a certain goal, and cannot become the food of spiritual civilization. Therefore, teaching should start with students' internal needs and achieve the goal of internal and external unity.

Motivation must have certain directivity. Motivation without purpose is not going to do its best. Frum's theory of expectations suggests that people are motivated effectively only if they anticipate that their actions will achieve a certain goal. Helping students to establish their own learning goals is an important part of teaching motivation. Give students the right to customize goals or participate in the formulation of goals. The process of "formulation - implementation - realization" will enable students to realize the true meaning of goals. Goal motivation should not always focus on the content or achievement of the goal, but should pay more attention to the process of generation, in order to truly achieve its role of "without lifting the whip and stirring up the hoof"

Also known by management scientists as the "economics of love," respect incentives don't require money to be invested, but can be produced by injecting emotional factors such as recognition and concern. Now more emphasis on "respect others", "respect the old and love the young", but neglected "to want others to respect, first should respect themselves". Therefore, students must learn to respect themselves in the teaching process. Under the premise of self-esteem, people can respect others better and gain more respect from others. The cultivation of "self-esteem" is self-motivation. "Self-esteem" and "respect for others" are both ways to create a sense of accomplishment and self-confidence. However, "respect for others" is more dependent on external forces, while self-esteem is self-satisfaction and trust, which is just like internal and external motivation in learning motivation. Intrinsic motivation is fundamental and extrinsic motivation is auxiliary. Teaching motivation should tie "self-esteem" to respect motivation to help students achieve better self-development, thus promoting the development of teaching work.

Sociologists believe that the operation of a society must be lubricated by the basic trust between people. Otherwise, society cannot function normally. Trust can lead to many accessories that make people feel safe, confident and passionate. This means that in the teaching process, students should pay attention to the ability of self-management, give full trust and affirmation, and involve students in proper ways, so that they can truly become masters of learning. In modern enterprises, leaders should pay attention to the "authorization" of employees and advocate the "contingency" of teachers in teaching. The transfer of power can turn students from passive executors into active participants, which is beneficial to the development of students' judgment and decision-making ability and helps to cultivate their initiative, independence and creativity. Trust can not only promote the development of students' individual ability, but also form a good class atmosphere. If students can swim in the ocean of trust, even if the vast sea of learning, will eventually reach the shore of victory.

James, a psychologist, once said, "there is no emotion so strong as the desire to be valued." In an environment where people are not valued and are not motivated, people tend to be influenced by negative information and make low comments on themselves. In an environment of trust and appreciation, people are more likely to be inspired and encouraged, and to act positively and achieve results. In teaching, we should not skimp on the use of praise. We should strengthen students' strengths and weaken their weaknesses. Over time, we will surely achieve the desired effect. When dealing with students, many teachers tend to focus only on grades or studies and ignore other "shining points", which bring deep hurt and trouble to students. Rodin once said, "life is not lack of beauty, but the lack of eyes to discover beauty." Everyone has his merits. Therefore, when we want to change others, we should first think of praise. Even if there is only a little progress, we should also praise it. Only in this way can we make greater progress.

As a means of motivation, rewards can motivate people to improve themselves. It's a universal psychology that anyone wants to be recognized by others or society, and getting a reward is an effective way to be recognized. For teaching, the rewards provide a pleasant atmosphere in which students' emotions are heightened by material or spiritual rewards. However, if the learning activity itself has aroused the interest of students, rewarding students at this time will not only fail to play its role, but also backfire. Frequent use of rewards can lead students to regard rewards as the purpose of learning, leading to deviation of learning behavior and only paying attention to the current ranking and prizes. Therefore, in the process of teaching, special attention should be paid to the proper use of rewards rather than regarding rewards as the only means of motivation. Although "there will be a brave husband under the reward", the interest aroused by such external stimulation is not likely to last. Suhomlinsky once said, "if you only hope to stimulate the interest of students with visible stimulation, you will never develop a true love of mental work." Rewards can only serve as an auxiliary tool for "intrinsic success," providing opportunities for students to give full play to their talents and self-worth far more effectively than rewards.

Psychological research proves that competition is an effective means to arouse individual potential. In the process of competition, as the individual's motivation to gain self-esteem and achievement is strengthened and accompanied by the attitude of not being left behind, these factors urge the emotion and thought to be hyperactive at the same time, enabling the individual to release more energy when facing challenges, so as to achieve the goal. To some extent, external pressure is an important incentive to motivate people, but learning should start from self-challenge instead of external stimulation. In the teaching process, there are many artificial competitive factors. The intense competition between students and classes, classes and classes, can largely motivate students to work hard. However, the motivation caused by external factors, without the resonance of individual internal factors, cannot really play the role of motivation. For students, real competition should be a challenge from the inside out. The aim of competitive motivation is to take own deficiency as reference, perfect development as target, constantly strengthen and improve, and overcome own weakness.

In both maslow and Peter's "hierarchy of needs", "self-actualization" is mentioned. As the highest stage of life needs, it means that individuals need to experience self-achievement. Studies have shown that individuals who are fulfilled are often in a state of satisfaction and pleasure, with high levels of self-confidence, motivation, creativity, and productivity, and easy to achieve results. Therefore, in the teaching process, achievement motivation should attach importance to the cultivation and acquisition of individual achievement, so as to improve learning efficiency and inspire learning enthusiasm. The acquisition of the sense of achievement requires the reasonable design of teaching content. Too high a goal or too detailed content will cause students to be bored or feel inferior before they start learning. Once the sense of learning effectiveness decreases, students' learning enthusiasm will be affected. In the long run, students will not taste success, but will become less and less confident, and finally give up learning. Therefore, choosing appropriate learning methods for students and how to present the teaching content reasonably have become a serious problem for teachers in their teaching work. Everyone wants to succeed, and learning should give everyone the opportunity. Only in this way can students form a correct understanding of learning and achieve remarkable results.

At present, there are still many problems and shortcomings in the application of teaching motivation. How to perfect these shortcomings requires us to start from the theoretical aspect, study the root of their production seriously, and further improve and consolidate them in practice. To view teaching motivation with the help of the classic law of management is to interpret the essence behind it in more detail from different perspectives, so as to provide a comprehensive and scientific framework for practical teaching encouragement and set up a correct idea, so as to make teaching develop towards the direction of "students' music and teachers' music".

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英国大学硕士毕业论文的写作

很多英国留学生在留学的时候都非常感概，感觉时间过得非常快，没多久就毕业了。其实这是因为英国留学的短学制原因。所以对于留学生来说，英国大学硕士的毕业论文要提前做好准备，这样才能充足的时间去应付，下面就给大家讲解一下。

一、动笔前的准备工作

硕士毕业论文开始之前，一般老师会提前给学生提出论文的大概方向或题目，时间可能会集中在4月或5月份。这个题目就是开题报告即proposal。它占论文总成绩的比例会在10左右，对毕业论文起着纲领性的作用，一般占有字数会在1500-3000字左右。

二、硕士毕业论文结构

接下来你就要非常清楚，硕士毕业论文的构成部分：

1、摘要（Abstract）即主要是让导师一看就知道这是写的什么的文章，如文章领域专业及研究方向，总之是文章的概括和灵魂。

2、引言部分（Introduction）:主要讲文章从哪些方面、哪些部分来写这个论题，大概说明文章的结构（从…到…到…conclusion），为什么要用这个结构，要达到什么样的目的。

3、LR:文献综述即引用的背景有前人的研究加一些自己的言论。参考了哪些东西并注明。需要注意数据引用的权威性及时效性，所以这一部分耗时比较长久一些。

4、方法论（methodology or method）即定性或定量的分析方法。定性：比较简单，可能是调查问卷或二手资料属于经验性的论证方法。定量：比较难因为要用软件做分析数据如：SPSS、STATA、MATLAB.

5、分析结果及结论和建议（Analysis conclusion Recommendation）即得出结果。需要有权威性的根据与理论来证明，主要是通过上面的method发现了什么？并总结自己的看法与建议。

6、参考文献（Reference）需要注意:REF的来源，学术的权威性，时效性还有数量。

三、检查细节，避免小错

写作的时候注意语法，其次中式英文，到过于简单的语句又或者刻意复杂语句但表达不合理的英文。当然在动笔前可以多参考一些范文提升自己的硕士毕业论文写作时的结构及语态表达的参考力，只要你做足了准备功课，一定可以顺利完成自己的硕士毕业论文任务的。

以上就是对于英国大学硕士毕业论文的写作讲解，在写作英国硕士毕业论文的时候，同学们一定要注意细节问题，尽量多检查几遍。

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Paper代写：Western administrators

本篇paper代写- Western administrators讨论了西方的行政官员。在西方行政学说史上，行政官员的角色定位处于一个不断变化的过程中，既是一种从工具化到自觉性的转变，也是一种从简单到复杂的转变。在行政官员角色的问题上，这一理论虽然缺乏具体的设想，更多地表现为一些原则性的提法，仅仅就行政官员应承担政治责任这一点来看，它实际上已经实现了对传统公共行政学的超越。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理，供大家参考阅读。

Wilson published the study of administration, which marked the birth of administration. He proposed the administration management as an independent research field as well as the political and administrative dichotomy principle of the concept of administration. In 1900, goodnow published "politics and administration", which reiterated and further demonstrated the principle of dichotomy between politics and administration. It is on the basis of this principle that the government model of efficiency centralism is established. The model is also typical of the ideal bureaucracy theory proposed by weber. In this mode of government, the government exists as a tool of administrative execution, and correspondingly, administrative officials are required to be value neutral and exist as a tool of administrative execution. In other words, in the eyes of these early administrators, elected political leaders were responsible for making policies, while the role of administrative officials was responsible for implementing policies.

According to Wilson: "the goal of administrative research is understanding. First, what the government can do properly and successfully. Second, how can the government do these proper jobs with as much efficiency as possible and with as little cost as possible in terms of cost and energy?" Similarly, according to goodnow's proof: "politics is related to policies that guide and influence, while administration is related to the implementation of policies. That's the two separate functions here." Moreover, several principles of bureaucracy proposed by weber further make specific statements on the role of administrative officials: value neutrality, impersonality, strict hierarchy system, and the principle of following the rules.

In his analysis of the role of the old public administration and its officers, Mr. Denhart also argues that "under the old public administration, the administrators are the reluctant participants in the policy process, and they remain neutral for a long time after they clearly have a substantial impact on public policy."

Thus it can be seen that in the traditional public administration period, the role of administrative officials is positioned in the position of value neutrality. In a sense, this is the mechanization requirement for administrative officials, that is, they are required to eliminate the individual characteristics and social characteristics of living people and become fully instrumental administrative execution tools. In this period, administrative officials mainly play a role in the sense of administrative execution tools.

The theoretical requirement of the new public administration movement is to criticize the principle of political neutrality and revive the value of democracy. It tries to abandon the authoritarianism and efficiency orientation of traditional administration and hopes to establish the democratic administration with fairness as the center. It emphasizes the continuity of politics and administration after criticizing the traditional theory of public administration. It requires that the concept of moral value should be injected into the administrative process and social equity should be injected into the traditional economic and efficiency objectives. Accountability to the public needs rather than to public institutions, and public projects should be responsible for decision-making and implementation. It emphasizes civic participation, policy-making, decentralization of authority, organizational development and a democratic working environment.

The requirements of the new public administration to administrative officials are mainly reflected in the requirements that administrative officials should fully mobilize their enthusiasm and creativity in their work, carry out creative work to the satisfaction of all levels of society and enhance the overall interests of the society. To improve the efficiency of administrative officials by abolishing numerous regulations and rules that bind administrative officials and the public. That is to say, administrative officials should have more flexibility and individualization in the process of carrying out administrative management activities.

Although the new public administration movement has been more critical in theory, it is a theory that directly addresses the principle of value neutrality by negative statements. But it also put forward many positive ideas in the process of declaring war on the traditional administration science. It about the concept of democratic administration, for example, the concept of responsible government and the idea of public participation in the administrative process, all have a significant impact in the history of the development of administrative science, also widely new public management theory and other accepted into all kinds of administrative science, especially the new public service theory, the new ideas of public administration further expounded, and put forward more specific design idea.

On the issue of the role of administrative officials, this theory, though lacking of concrete assumptions, is more of a principled formulation. However, from the point of view of the political responsibility of administrative officials, it has actually achieved the transcendence of traditional public administration.

In the 1980s and 1990s, the new public administration movement emerged in the field of public administration. It inherited the demand of the new public administration movement to abandon the bureaucratic system, but its solution was different from the new public administration movement. It places more emphasis on the personal responsibility of administrative officials. In order for individual responsibility to be fulfilled, it proposes to bring entrepreneurship into government.

The new public management movement advocates that administrative officials play a more active and active role in policy implementation, namely the role of policy entrepreneurs. Mr Hart says in addition to this role, "the new public management and urged managers to focus on the customer's demand and to as much as possible the policy construction to enable customers to choose, that is, through the policy alternatives to market choice to make as many options as possible to quit politics." "In either case, the new public administration has further expanded its rational calculation of costs and benefits in its examination of policy alternatives."

New public management theory to the role of administrative officials regulation is reasonable to some extent, also has certain feasibility, it saw the administrative officials also has the characteristics of "economic man" which on the one hand, and to meet people's self-interest as a kind of effective incentives, to heal the bureaucracy ills are also put forward many pertinent opinions. This is why this theory has a significant impact on western administrative reform.

The new public service theory is proposed on the basis of abandoning the new public management theory. It is famous for the citizen's participation in the administrative process.

Specifically, the role of administrative officials in the new public service theory includes the following aspects:

The function of government is to serve, not to "take the helm". The increasingly important role of administrative officials is to help citizens to express and meet their common interest needs. In a society where citizens are actively involved, public officials are increasingly playing the role of mediators, intermediaries and even referees rather than direct providers of services. What these new roles need is not old methods of management control, but new techniques of mediation, negotiation and conflict resolution.

The role of the government will be more reflected in the people gathered to freely, sincerely dialogue environment, public administrators should actively for citizens through dialogue and articulate public values provide stage and form the common concept of public interests, citizens should be encouraged to take consistent action, not just by pushing for compromise and simply respond to the interests of the different demand.

Administrative officials should act democratically and act as "citizen education workers" to some extent. Make sure that government is open and accessible, responsive, able to serve and create opportunities for citizens.

Serve citizens, not customers. Public officials not only respond to customers' demands, but also focus on building trust and cooperation with and among citizens.

The responsibility is not simple. Both the traditional public administration theory and the new public management theory tend to oversimplify the responsibility issue. In fact, administrative officials should pay attention to not only the market, but also the constitutional law, community values, political norms, professional standards and the interests of citizens.

Stressed the importance of "management by people", public administration officials don't like the traditional public administration theory as only need security and organize a bureaucratic professional employees, also don't like the new public theory advocated by the only market participants, their motivation and reward is much more than salary or security problems, they hope to life with others. Therefore, the concept of Shared leadership is critical to providing public employees and citizens with opportunities to speak and act in accordance with the motivations and values of their public services.

Public administrators are not owners of their institutions and projects, the owners of government are citizens. They have a responsibility to bear by the administrator of public resources, the supervisors of public organization, civil rights and democratic dialogue promoter, community participation in the catalyst and the roles of grassroots leaders for the civil service, public administrative officials not only to share power, by the people to work, through mediation to solve the problem of public, but also its role in the governance process must be repositioned as responsible participants, rather than the entrepreneurs.

From this point of view, the role of administrative officials is more complicated than previous theories.

From the above discussion, we can see that in the history of western administrative theory, the role of administrative officials is in a constantly changing process, which is not only a change from instrumental to conscious, but also from simple to complex.

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Essay代写：Marxist religious view

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Marxist religious view，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了马克思主义宗教观。马克思主义宗教观就是历史唯物主义宗教观，它是马克思恩格斯以历史唯物主义为理论基础而建构起来的关于宗教的本质和根源等重大问题的基本观点，是马克思主义学说的重要组成部分。马克思主义宗教观概念的外延不包括党和政府的具体宗教政策，马克思主义宗教观不等于马克思主义宗教学。

First of all, to use historical materialism as the theoretical basis to explain various basic problems related to religion is a unique feature not available in all previous religious theories of Marx and Engels, and also its unique advantages.

As early as in ancient Greece, people began to religious rational thinking, to explain the origin of the religious activities of choose and employ persons and nature, xenophanes of leah school puts forward "people create religious said," in the history of western religious doctrines for the first time found a great truth: not god created man, but god created man according to his own image. From xenophanes to feuerbach, all previous dynasties atheists in adhere to the basic idea of "people create religious said" at the same time, and from person's social activity, thought activity, the psychological activities and emotional activities and the causes of the nature of religion, and made a further exploration, the basic research direction is right, because only people have religious beliefs, left the human activities, such as with the mandate of heaven and god's point of view is not reveals the essence of religion and the root cause. However, their limitations are exposed in how to view human activities, human nature and human thought activities. For example, the militant atheism of the French materialism of the 18th century made a relentless and incisive critique of religion with its sharp edge, erasing the sanctity of religion, but they simply attributed the origin of religion to fools meeting liars. Although feuerbach see religion is the alienation of human nature, thus the religious due to secular basis, but he understood is abstract, he understood such is the nature of rationality, heart, will, they ultimately are made to illustrate the social consciousness, social consciousness is within consciousness rather than in the people's material life conditions, in the practice activity of people to look for the root of religion.

Historical materialism thinks that "every historical period the main economic way of production and of exchange, and inevitably the resulting social structure, is the era of political and spiritual the foundations on which history was established", therefore, the essence of religion must be "to religion of every stage of development of existing in the material world in search of", in this way, Marx and Engels is scientifically for the first time in human history reveals the reality of religion. As a form of social consciousness, religion, like other social consciousness, is a reflection of social existence. Therefore, the study of the nature and origin of religion should, in the final analysis, look for the material basis of religion. To study the historical development of religion, we should examine the development and change of material living conditions at each development stage of religion, and explain the change of religion with the change of social structure determined by the actual development of productive forces.

Marx and Engels's view of the world has experienced from idealism to materialism, and by the revolutionary democratic socialism to communism, and thus create a complex process of historical materialism, linked to this, their religion also experienced from religion to the critique of religion, from idealism atheism to materialism atheism, and creation of religion, the complex process of historical materialism. In the history of marxist thought, the establishment of the religious view of historical materialism and the establishment of historical materialism is synchronous.

On the one hand, in the early theoretical activities of Marx and Engels, the exploration of the nature, root and social function of religion became an important growing point in the formation process of historical materialism. The theoretical and practical activities of young Marx and Engels started from the religious criticism. They take religious issues very seriously and talk about them most. This was not only the need of the German revolution at that time, but also the opportunity to promote the transformation of the world outlook of Marx and Engels and the establishment of historical materialism.

The other aspect, formation and maturity of historical materialism, continuously for the formation of marxist religion provides methodology guidance and theoretical basis, to go beyond the religious idea of Marx and Engels's youth Hegel idealism religion and feuerbach's humanism religion, based on science and history. Marx once pointed out that historical materialism is the result of his combination of religious criticism and political criticism, philosophical research and economic research, which "once obtained is used to guide my research work". Engels also pointed out that historical materialism is a science about real people and historical development. It and materialist dialectics, once produced, as further research methodology of religion, and other disciplines, "to be our best tools and the most sharp weapon", the formation of marxist religion, history, it is easy to find, marxism religion is along with the transition of the world outlook of Marx, Engels and the formation of historical materialism was established. Gradually form of historical materialism, Marx can use scalpel of historical materialism into the interior of the critique of religion and religious, political criticism, from religious criticism to and from the political to economic critique, from revealing the religious alienation to reveal "the holy image of the self alienation", to reveal the economic alienation and alienation of labor, to reveal the law of creation, development and dissolution of religious, the only right way.

Some scholars believe that the religious theories of Marx and Engels can be called "the religious view of historical materialism" or "the atheism of historical materialism". This seems to equate the religious view of historical materialism with the atheism of historical materialism. As mentioned above, I completely agree with the historical materialism of marxism religion is called a religion, but I don't agree to call it historical materialism atheism, because "religion" with "atheism" connotation and extension of the concept of the two is different, the founder of the religion, is the marxism historical materialism by using historical materialism, analyzes religious the social and cultural phenomena formed by the basic point of view. It is a complex theoretical system, including religious ontology, religious epistemology, religious axiology, and religious research methodology. The atheism of historical materialism USES the religious view of historical materialism to prove that god does not exist. Historical materialism is closely related to historical materialism and atheism. The former is the most scientific and the latter is the most thorough atheism. Without the former, there is no latter, or the thoroughness of the latter stems from the scientific nature of the former. However, the content of the study of religious views of historical materialism is much richer, more complex and more profound than that of atheism of historical materialism. The concept of "god" is by no means equivalent to the concept of "religion". Although religion is closely related to the worship of supernatural entities and mystical states, god is only an important component of religion, not the whole. On this point, Mr Lu great luck on Engels "the Turin theory" in a paragraph about the definition of religious type judge correctly pointed out: this passage of Engels, strictly speaking, only the nature of religious concept of "god", rather than the definition of the "religion", "that's because god concept is the core of the religion, but is not equal to the whole religion is a" god "ideas", all landowners and said: "The concept of god alone does not constitute the totality of religion. No matter how precisely we define the concept of god, it does not mean that we have a complete definition of religion, because religion is not merely a subjective concept, but an objective social and cultural system, containing a wider range of contents than the concept of god". It is not only a form of social consciousness, but also a real social force combined with social structure. Religion is not only a spiritual culture, but also a material culture. Religion is a way for human to master the world. It is a recognition, an explanation system, an operating system and a behavior pattern of nature, society, man himself and the relationship between man and nature, man and society. Religion has a strong penetrating power, which profoundly affects economy, politics, culture, customs, values, life style and even national character and national psychology. Therefore, the study of religious views cannot be conducted in these areas. I think it might be more appropriate to regard atheism as a branch or an aspect of the religious view of historical materialism.

The extension of the concept of "marxist religious view" does not include the specific religious policies of the party and the government. Some scholars believe that marxist religious view refers to the general views on religion established by Marx and Engels and developed by Lenin, MAO zedong and other revolutionary leaders, as well as the total religious policies of the party and the government. In a word, marxist religious view includes religious theory and religious policy. The theoretical system of marxist religion is advancing with The Times, marxism religion was founded by Marx and Engels, is that they are at the time of the social and cultural background of religious doctrines, Lenin and the communist party of China under the new historical conditions, the marxist religion, combined with its own specific conditions, under the new historical conditions, inherited, enriched and developed marxist religion, such as the communist party of China about religion, "five" point of view, "actively guide religions to adapt themselves to the socialist society" point of view, and so on is to enrich and develop marxist religion, however, We cannot classify the specific religious policies into marxist religious views. The marxist religious view is the theoretical basis for the party and the government to formulate specific religious policies, that is to say, the specific religious policies of the party and the government must conform to and embody the marxist religious view, and the marxist religious view must be transformed into the specific religious policy, in order to play a role in dealing with contemporary Chinese religious issues. As a basic understanding of religion, religious view is highly generalized, which is expressed in the form of theory and through the logical system of concepts and categories. It is a theoretical abstraction. While specific religious policy belongs to the category of the administrative rules and regulations, and it is a state organ to implement the constitution and laws, correctly deal with religious issues, under the guidance of marxism religion to formulate normative documents, is a country frequently, direct management of social and religious affairs, ways and means of dealing with religious issues, is through the formulation and implementation of a certain legal procedures, therefore, specific religious policy theory of the form is not abstract, but, a lot of, the provisions of the specific type. Marxist religious view is open and developing, but it is relatively stable compared with specific religious policy. Marxist religious view is a general view of the social and cultural phenomenon of religion, which is highly generalized. Therefore, it will not be constantly changing and changing with the development of social politics, economy and culture. The specific religious policy will change and change with the change of social economy and politics, and even with the change of leaders. It tends to penetrate into the subjective, utilitarian, temporary irrational factors, make specific religious policy may deviate from the marxist religion, such as the former Soviet union and China's "left" ideology overflow period there are many against religion, the religious policy of marxism, therefore, marxism religion became a mirror inspection specific religious policy and a ruler. This highlights the importance and urgency of the study of marxist religious views. The root of the extreme "left" religious policy is various and complex, among which the wrong understanding of marxist religious view is undoubtedly one of the important reasons, while the correct understanding of marxist religious view provides the theoretical basis to correct the chaos. If the specific religious policy itself entirely into marxist religion, it loses the inspection standards, confused according to "theory" and "embodiment", "inspection standards" and "test object" boundaries, confusion of "world view" and the "administrative regulations", this is extremely harmful in practice.

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