作业代写：Us hr continues education development

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Us hr continues education development，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了美国人力资源继续教育开发。美国人力资源继续教育开发，指的是普通人力资源进入生产领域之后，由高等学校、企业和各种行业协会等组织共同实施的继续教育开发活动，使教育活动由传统学校扩展到生产和生活领域，通过多种培训机构和教育渠道的整合，使人力资源获得充分自由学习的时间和空间，深度挖掘自身的专业知识和生产技能，使他们的职业素质得以提高，成功规划以后的职业生涯。长期以来，从整体上不断提升美国人力资源质量的层次，培养出大量社会经济快速发展所急需的高效专业技术人才。

The human resources continue to education development means normal human resources into the production areas, by institutions of higher learning, enterprises and all kinds of industry association and other organizations to implement continuing education development, the expanded from traditional school education activities in the field of production and life, through the integration of a variety of institutions for training and education channels, make human resources to obtain sufficient freedom of learning time and space, the depth of the digging their own professional knowledge and production skills, to improve their professional quality, planning future career success. The continuation of education development activities of human resources reflects the unity of America's unique diligent and enterprising production value rationality and excellent and reliable production capacity. For a long time, it has been improving the quality of human resources in the United States as a whole, and cultivating a large number of highly effective professional and technical personnel urgently needed for rapid socio-economic development.

Along with economic globalization and the mode of production of highly specialized, new jobs and a new professional qualifications of higher positions are put forward for practitioners, continuing education development become an effective way to improve the human resource value, greatly expanded the space of career development of human resources and again obtain employment ability, to achieve the perfect match in people from all walks of life to work.

With the continuous adjustment of the economic structure and industrial structure of the United States and the stimulation of the new economic plan, the current types and Numbers of occupations have also undergone important changes, and more requirements have been put forward for the specifications and types of human resources. At this time, all kinds of employees need to continue to charge through education, so as to make the best use of their talents, better qualified for all kinds of work, and achieve the maximum performance.

According to the labor department report showed that with the wide application of high and new science and technology and the change of the consumer service market, the existing three major industries have sprung up in a large number of are in urgent need of the emerging industry of professional and technical personnel, the future will create millions of new jobs, most of the cover, green new energy professional fields such as computer technology, and at the same time millions of traditional jobs need a change of employment. However, the reality is that there is a large shortage of specialized technical personnel, and the limited skills of the existing labor force cannot meet the continuous refinement of social division of labor and the emergence of production technology in emerging industries.

According to the labor department's projections, job openings in certain sectors of the U.S. labor market have been high in the last decade due to population growth, job growth and the need for job transfers. As young practitioners are not content with the status quo of mediocrity and leave all sorts of service industry, the industry will have the largest number of job openings, reflects the most urgent personnel supplementary requirements at the same time, the wide application of computer technology related to administrative and management has been affected by the number of professional and post changes, these jobs began to gradually less; The spread of efficient agricultural production technologies has left agriculture, forestry and fishing with the least need for job vacancies, and the growth of these jobs is relatively slow or even stagnant. In addition, there are more people who change jobs and retire, so that most of them seek for a large number of people to supplement them.

With the development of knowledge economy, changes in modes of production and organization, industrialization society put forward higher request of laborers, modern methods of production requires highly specialized workers, regular higher education gradually with social professional specialization degree of high demand, cultivate the general type of human resources in colleges and universities cannot meet the demand for high-quality professionals in the workplace. The defect of normal education in which is about to enter production workers in the field of job skills, and the lack of professional quality of higher education cannot teach key skills required by graduate employers, about the work of the most basic quality for students and not from the classroom, so many enterprises cannot find qualified workers, had to hire some poor graduates, rely on a variety of corporate training after they have a job to make up for the lack of production skills and professional quality.

In the United States, with the rooted and profound concept of learning organization and learning society, colleges and universities and large and medium-sized enterprises are keen on the continuous education development of human resources, so that workers with learning needs can find vocational training methods suitable for their own development and improve their professional quality and working ability.

Continuing education is an important part of the current functions of American universities. All universities have continued education college, which not only recruits a large number of on-the-job learners, but also provides high-quality comprehensive, practical and open vocational training courses. For example, the department of continuing education at Harvard University includes the harvard extension school, harvard summer school, graduate school, the college of retired learners, and various professional development programs. Among them, the most suitable form of continuing education for on-the-job workers is various professional development courses. That is to say, trainees receive intensive two-day courses at Harvard University for knowledge learning in related industries and many other industries. All the teachers are experts from the school of engineering and applied sciences of Harvard University and Boston area. This training course provides short-term and efficient learning opportunities for professionals in many industries. The leading teachers teach the most cutting-edge professional research theories, which significantly improves the theoretical horizon of the trainees. The harvard further education school offers a variety of continuing education programs for current employees. For example, it offers online courses in spring and autumn evenings, part-time degree programs, January intensive courses, etc., and it also provides advanced computer laboratory study for learners, harvard library inquiry and professional development seminars.

Community colleges have become important places in the United States to train future labor force. For example, current hot industries include radiographers, registered nurses, installation experts of solar and wind power generation, IT and network security technicians, etc., which provide on-the-job training and development of various skills required for professional development of all levels and types. In the United States, community colleges cultivate the world's most competitive and capable workers, and provide all kinds of practitioners with the opportunity to choose a second career. By continuing education and vocational training, students who enter community colleges can change their positions or seek higher positions. Community colleges also provide customized training for employees in enterprises or industries, providing high-quality employee training courses, seminars and certificate courses.

Growing community college status, has become a everyone has the opportunity to accept the center of the innovation education and vocational training institutions, so that in 2010, President Obama announced the formal launch "for America's future technology" initiative, it is a labor preparation plan, designed to improve the community college and a few big industry partnerships, through various vocational training and skills development, help and guide the learners to gain a successful career, through community college of continuing education to ensure that they get the latest and the most practical skills and knowledge, to ensure the enterprise to obtain the most urgently needed, the most appropriate jobs need to labor, Meet the dual needs of learners and employers. President barack Obama's plans to expand the laborers in the community college in order to obtain the opportunity of education after high school, to the laborers working in the region to obtain funding for new job training and skills development, for example, the federal government has allocated 2005 fiscal year budget of 2, 5 $to the community college, funding for the on-the-job worker's continuing professional education, to carry out all kinds of education projects, including all kinds of job skill learning, employment skills training, skills training, etc.

The continued education development activities organized by the enterprise are rich in content, flexible and diverse, which is conducive to the enterprise having abundant, efficient and high-quality human resources team, strengthening the market competitiveness of the enterprise, and providing the best support for the sustainable development of more cross-industry and cross-field practitioners.

The objective of talent training in enterprise universities is direct and accurate. The main purpose is to enable employees to master the cutting-edge theoretical knowledge and innovative technological means required by the current production and research and development of enterprises, not only to train qualified employees, but also to pay more attention to the efficient work quality of employees and ultimately improve the core competitiveness of the organization. For example, the university of MOTOROLA in the United States provides business consulting, training, quality management and a variety of skills development by using experts with rich practical and management experience in the company as teachers, and provides the most satisfactory learning solutions for MOTOROLA employees and partners. For another example, in early 2010, McDonald's established the seventh McDonald's hamburger university in the world in China, with a total investment of 250 million yuan in five years, providing operation management and leadership training for more than 5,000 Chinese managers, so as to cultivate and reserve talents for the strong business growth in China.

In addition to the enterprise staff to specify the designated professional education courses in colleges and universities, colleges and universities can also employ training experts to enterprise, employees will have a complete and flexible learning time, colleges and universities can according to the different training needs of the enterprise, provide the system, professional, fast, personalized service, the special problems for enterprise employees provide solutions and consulting services, through the way of combining production, teaching and research, to help employees to break through the confine of production and research and development.

In addition to being a production and research and development institution, enterprises also play an important role as a learning place. The joint development of education between several enterprises enables each enterprise to share all the training resources, so as to make full use of its strengths and circumvent its weaknesses. Make full use of various enterprises have rich practical experience of experts as a training supervisor, will all enterprises as the different training place, through the exchange of learning and cross training and other ways to make them learn the important mode of production of each enterprise and skills, make each enterprise in the young professionals for fast-growing career path, so as to realize the win-win of all enterprises and employees.

The continued development of education in human resources has been actively and effectively implemented and scientifically and effectively managed in the United States. The continued development of education in all states has made great progress, which has promoted the technical progress of various sectors of society and the continuous improvement of the quality of employees.

Continuing education development for the enterprise and the staff is a good return on investment activity, so the basic industrialized operation in the United States, its operation is "knowledge production", "human resources", "human capital" and "investment and benefits of" education industry process, promote the use of human value, pay attention to talent cultivation standardization, specialization, and efficient. American society and individuals share the cost of development and actively and continuously expand investment; Strengthen and highlight the productive orientation of education training course setting; To produce and provide education services and talent products with high quality and efficiency; Distribute and obtain education development revenue fairly and reasonably.

The United States is working hard to improve the construction of a learning society, so any institution, group and individual are encouraged to participate in the cause. The continuous development of human resources education integrates the cutting-edge academic knowledge of higher education and the professional advantages of enterprise production, continues to shape the sound scientific and technological personality of human resources, enrich and optimize the modern scientific and technological content and professional quality of human resources, and encourages the continuity and long-term development. Only through continuous education development can human resources make education activities continue in the working process, so as to master the most cutting-edge, practical and professional knowledge and skills, and truly realize the economic value embodied by education production and continuing education.

To make all citizens can accept continuing education development in a timely and effective manner, the government set up the related management organization and research center, scientific management and intervention, assessment and make effective career planning and training guiding policies, research and implement a variety of reasonable continuing education reform plan.

In the United States department of labor has employment and training administration, carry out various kinds of on-the-job training program, to improve the poor employment prospects of adults, youth and the condition of the unemployed, the government has "one-stop career center system," according to the states or regions are in urgent need of different skills to implement different training programs, to promote the improvement of workers' employment and income; At the same time, a number of fund training programs were carried out to impart work skills, provide employment services and vocational guidance.

In the United States department of education, human resources development has special guidance institutions, vocational and adult education management office, the main coordination and management of the national vocational and technical education, community college courses, adult education and literacy education, help and guide all workers with learning desire to obtain a challenging academic and technical skills, make on-the-job worker for high skills, high wages, the global economy needs professional to prepare. The career and adult education management office also sets up the national career technology education research center to carry out scientific and basic research on continuing education in various regions. It is also responsible for evaluating various vocational training programs, funding the continuing education programs of states and regions, and improving the level of relevant career and technology education courses.

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作业代写：The idea of American college students' financial aid

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的assignment代写范文- The idea of American college students' financial aid，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了美国大学生的资助理念。美国最早出现的大学生资助理念，与欧洲一样，也来自民间的慈善与宗教，慈善与宗教的资助理念最初流行于殖民时代的新英格兰及广大的东部地区。如今，美国经历了全球化的经济危机，经济陷入了严重的衰退时期，教育质量下降和财政紧缩的要求，使社会和国会重新思考大学生的资助政策。

The diversified funding mode of the United States has become a model for other countries to learn from, and it is necessary to study the internal thoughts supporting the funding policy mode of the United States. This is of great significance for the formulation of university student funding policies that are in line with the international development trend and national conditions, conducive to the development of higher education, social equity and social development.

The development of higher education in the United States has a history of more than 300 years, but the formation of federal government funding policy in the United States is only the last 30 years. However, the funding policies of the us government contain many ideas and practices that have appeared in history. Therefore, it is necessary to start from scratch in the study of the funding concepts of college students.

The earliest idea of college student funding in the United States, like that in Europe, also came from the folk "charity" and "religion". The idea of charity and religion funding was first popular in colonial New England and the vast eastern region. In 1636, a group of puritans who immigrated to New England founded harvard college, the first university in the new world, with the support of the local government and the church. The purpose of running a university was to train service personnel for the church and the government. They believed that the fundamental purpose of higher education was to train qualified priests to support students and spread religion with charity. According to American scholars, the first education scholarship in the United States was established at harvard college by your wife Anne Morrison. To this day, this concept is still an important pillar of the financial aid for college students in the United States, and it is still the basic motivation for private fund-raising and financial aid for students. According to the research, from 1989 to 1990, various private and charitable organizations provided various kinds of financial aid to college students in the United States, which amounted to 3.2073 billion yuan. After the independence of the United States, a new concept of financial aid first emerged in the eastern and western states, which is the idea of "supporting poor students and cultivating elites for the national interest". The earliest advocate of this idea was Thomas Jefferson, the author of the American declaration of independence. Jefferson, who proposed the education for gifted and moral people to help defend the sacred rights and happiness of their fellow citizens, founded the state university of Virginia, and designed an elaborate student selection and funding program. But Jefferson's education idea at the time and didn't get the congress and the American people understand that this is because the time of the American constitution "education rights in the state," the federal government for a long time very little intervention of higher education, in 1957, the Soviet satellite, U.S. government shocked, also changed the federal government is not involved in the practice of higher education, then introduced the famous American of the national defense education law, a clear mandate the federal government funding support for higher education, funding for college students. According to this law, the federal government established the "national defense loans" and "national defence fellowship", the national defense education law promulgated, not only reflected the concept for the interests of the state funding for students, but also has provided a legal basis for the federal government funding for college students, to form the legal arrangement through annual funding, funding students "precedent".

"Human capital investment" and "promoting equal opportunities in higher education" funding concepts. In the 1950 s, the famous American economist schultz and baker and others with different method to determine the education for the important role in the national economy growth, put forward that education is a kind of human capital investment, think it is higher than other physical capital investment rate of return of investment, which is more important. 60 s a huge "the civil rights movement" from little rock, the movement makes again strongly aware of the American people and American society all aspects of life still exist serious inequality, "is an equal opportunity for higher education" has become a part of the civil rights movement, the movement prompted President Johnson proposed the construction of "great society" and "declares war on poverty" plan. In "human capital investment" and under the pressure of the civil rights movement, the United States congress finally passed in 1965 to promote equal opportunity of the higher education law, the law has the milestone significance in American college student aid career, he authorized in the federal government to continue to provide loans "defense" at the same time, set up a "education opportunity grants", "national guarantee loans" and "school work-study opportunities", providing a variety of ways of government funding, the plan constitutes the framework of the mixed pattern.

The funding concept of "freedom of choice". It is a controversial idea that allows middle-class families and private universities to receive government funding. The middle-income family assistance act, passed in 1978, on the grounds of "giving schools and parents the right and freedom to choose schools", proposed the idea of providing financial assistance to middle-class children entering private universities. The main measure was to increase the upper limit of applying for "education opportunity grant". Restrictions on the investigation of family financial status of students who apply for state-guaranteed student loans will be lifted so that all students who wish to apply for state-guaranteed student loans can obtain such loans. At the same time, the chances of middle-class children attending expensive schools getting government scholarships and low-interest loans have also increased greatly. Some scholars pointed out that the concept of part of the us federal funding into private universities, will weaken the foundation of public education, but other scholars believe that private universities cultivate out is also a social talents, through the student financial assistance can be thought of as inflows into private university society pay service charge to them, should also be uncontroversial.

"Cost sharing concept". In the 1980s, the United States experienced the economic crisis of globalization, and the economy fell into a severe recession. The decline of education quality and the requirement of fiscal austerity made the society and congress rethink the subsidy policy for college students. In this context, education economist John put forward the theory of "cost sharing". He believed that taxpayers, universities, enterprises, families and students should share the cost of higher education, and the cost that parents could not afford could be solved by government and university subsidies for college students. Influenced by this funding concept, a social appeal to employers to pay for higher education has been put on the agenda. In the United States, employers and enterprises also provide a large number of scholarships and bursaries for college students through charitable organizations, which have become an important part of the cause of college students' financial aid in the United States.

By we can see that on the college student aid policy of the United States is a contained different philosophy, a combination of a mixture of various financing methods, and however, it is not completely exclude certain ideas easily, make a steady stream of funds from various channels into college students funded enterprise, make all kinds of need, or should be funded students received funding, make the gross enrollment ratio of higher education by more than 60%. Formed the current United States has two bursaries, four student loans, a campus work-study, and a similar to the campus work-study social services education funding program.

The idea of American college students' financial aid has its deep ideological roots. It is of great significance for us to understand and learn from the American financial aid policies to dig out the ideological roots.

In terms of politics, first of all, the state selects outstanding talents through funding higher education, enriches national institutions and solidifies national rule. As mentioned above, the concept of "religion", universities were established in medieval Europe to educate and train service personnel for the government. Jefferson also discussed the necessity of providing education public expense for college students from the perspective of national interests and people's welfare. Obviously, he claimed that the so-called international interests and people's welfare refers to the new bourgeois countries and regimes. Since then, the national defense education act promulgated by the United States has clearly pointed out that the federal government funds college students because the national defense needs modern science and technology and knowledge, which cannot be separated from human resources. Therefore, it must ensure that no talented students lose the opportunity of higher education due to economic difficulties. The "policy statement" section of the defense education act also had the same internal logic and expression as Jefferson's bill, except that it changed the administration of law enforcement to protect national defense. The national defense education act not only fully embodies the idea of funding students for the national interest, but also provides a legal basis for the federal government to fund college students, forming a "precedent" of arranging federal annual funding for students through law. Secondly, the state funds the students in difficulty for the sake of social stability. As an important tool for social stratification, higher education has always been an important goal for people to achieve social mobility. Since modern times, the pursuit of education equality of opportunity has become an important goal of the bourgeois revolution. Scholars believe that there are many reasons to pursue education equality of opportunity, but the most important is that people realize that, for most people, education plays an irreplaceable role in individual social mobility, especially individual upward social mobility. The upward mobility of individuals in the social class is closely related to improving social status, increasing economic income, engaging in specific professional activities, enjoying cultural education, etc., which has become an important part of human pursuit of happiness. Since everyone should have the equal right to pursue happiness, education equality of opportunity should become a basic human right and the cornerstone of the government's education development policy. In the 1960s, the huge civil rights movement prompted the government to take practical measures to promote equal opportunity in education. Therefore, government funding has become an important measure to promote education equality of opportunity and social stability.

In terms of economy, firstly, the state takes education subsidy for college students as a means of economic development. This idea comes from the theory of human capital. The theory holds that education contributes directly to economic development, higher education investment is an investment with direct returns, and individual reading is more social activities. In 1960, the famous American economist schur this published "the human capital investment", expounded theoretically formed by education investment of human capital to improve labor productivity, increase the importance of national income, making human capital became the various countries' education can not be ignored in the process of decision factors, become a powerful state funding for students and society to the basic reason. Therefore, giving financial aid to students in financial difficulties is a part of national investment, which has a far-reaching impact on the world. At this time, the forms of financial aid are mainly in the form of bursaries, scholarships and other forms that do not need to be repaid, ranging from tuition fees to living expenses. However, after the 1980s, this idea was criticized. Some people proposed that the biggest beneficiary of higher education was individuals, which formed the development trend of free funding to paid funding. The other is to guide talent training and supply and demand so as to meet the needs of national economic development, such as the national defense scholarships and student loans of the United States.

Social organizations or individuals provide financial assistance to college students, some of which are required for a cultural purpose: one is that higher education is a kind of social welfare cause, and funding college students is a kind of social public welfare activity, which is a way to realize the social value of organizations or individuals and return to the society. The other is that it is a kind of "charity" activity or a religious act to sponsor college students, through which a group or individual's value is reflected and then transmitted. In the process of the formation of modern universities in the world, the church has played a great role in promoting the formation of many universities. Third, some enterprises regard subsidizing college students as an effective way to attract excellent college students to work in their own enterprises, improve the quality of employees and enhance the market competitiveness of enterprises. Fourth, to make organizations or individuals famous and expand social influence. Contemporary idea of "charity", also not necessarily accompany with "religion", in big business, big, behind the support of wealthy people can think of is "advertising" and "expression", even "rather than pay taxes to do good", these ideas are seldom appeared in the literature of academia and government, however, through the government to formulate laws to encourage the "duty free" industrialists, richest college students, is indeed a U.S. private sector developed one of the basic causes and conditions, through the legal system, private funding for college students, also became the part of the nation's aid policy.

It can be seen from the above that the idea of subsidy is the product of social development in a certain era and at a certain level, which reflects people's grasp of social economy and development requirements of higher education in various periods. Only when we have a deeper understanding of the people of various historical periods and their socio-economic life can we see the historical limitations of the principles. Usually funding concept according to the interest points can be divided into two categories, one kind is to the interests of the recipients concept, such as "charity", "equal", "equal opportunity", and another kind is pointing in the direction of the concept of social interests, such as: "religion", "national interest", "human capital investment" these more reflects the college students funded social goals. Given that funding comes from society, the idea of funder orientation and the idea of social interest orientation, in the United States it's a pairing. In the United States, the generation of new funding ideas always occupies the central position of influencing decision-making, but the old ideas do not necessarily disappear completely, just no longer occupy the central position, but reach some integration with the new ideas. For example: "national interest" of political and economic amalgamation of "human capital investment", the ancient concept of "charity" is still the personal and social financial aid to college students starting point, and so on, in the United States this kind of diversified funding concept for funding the increase of the diversification of the sources of funds, for ZiZhuMian expand, for the increase of the beneficiary, due to the country's economic and political development to have the effect that cannot ignore. Our country's financial aid is still in the initial stage, many aspects are not perfect, so it is very important to learn from some successful experience of the United States in financial aid. For example, we should include the idea of multi-faceted financial aid, build a multi-level financial aid system, give full play to the macro-control functions of the government, cultivate a social security system for financial aid, clarify the responsibilities of schools, and improve the implementation of financial aid. All these are worthy of the reference of Chinese education scholars. I believe that China's subsidy policy will become more and more perfect soon.

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如何写出一篇好的Paper

由于用语习惯和Critical Thinking的原因，导致很多留学新生都写不好Paper.但在大家经过一段时间的学习之后，这些问题都可以解决。但除了这些之外，要写好Paper还需要掌握一些写作技巧，这样才能更好地写作Paper，下面就给大家讲解一下。

写paper其实是一件很简单的事情，当然，前提是你要心中有沟壑，笔下才能有江山。不论是中文写作还是English,思路和大纲都是必备的。你可以不必特意去写下来，但至少心里要清楚。其次，一篇好的paper，重点在于新意。何为新意？即要做到与众不同，这个，就需要个人自己的悟性了。但是从简单方面来说，整篇paper需要结构清晰，逻辑明了，图文并茂。并且各种图注以及reference都要慎重排版，统一格式，让整篇文章看起来很舒适。

对于文章主体部分，个人建议不要按部就班去写。Paper开篇的abstract以及introduction建议放在最后写。Introduction是整篇文章的精华所在，也是整个paper的脸面。在introduction里面，你需要突出你的重点和创新点，而这些，最好是在写完conclusion之后，再根据conclusion去写abstract和introduction。

那么，首先应该写哪一部分呢？experimental是最好写也是比较写实的一个部分，他可以随时补充，并且是theory和results的来源和依据所在。在写experimental的过程中，注意逻辑性以及小标题的灵活运用，你可以发现整个paper所涉及到的theory和会得到的results。然后补充完theory和results的部分。在做好results之后，针对你所得到的结果，对比理论中或者你预期的结果，寻找其中的相同以及不同点，然后再进行discussion，要注意discussion中时态的运用，主要对数据特征以及与前人结果的对比或是自身研究的不足的讨论，最终总结出conclusion。然后在整个paper的主体和结论都完成的情况下，发掘文章的创新点，抓住创新点和重点，完成abstract和introduction。值得注意的是，要在abstract中圈定自己的研究范围。在这样的撰写顺序下，introduction一般会比较出彩，吸引人眼球并且提高命中率。

以上就是一些关于Paper的写作技巧讲解，其实不管是什么类型的写作，细节都是非常关键的，所以大家一定要把握好论文中的细节，这才是拿高分的前提。

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Paper代写：Case Analysis for Medtronic Corporation

本篇paper代写- Case Analysis for Medtronic Corporation讨论了美敦力公司。美敦力公司是心脏起搏器领域的巨头，但在最近几十年，美敦力的发展并不像以前那么顺利。市场在不断变化，竞争对手在追赶，这给美敦力带来了巨大的挑战。而新的挑战也激发了美敦力公司应对市场变化的新措施和新战略。美敦力更加重视研发，通过不同的方式增加价值来区分产品，避免陷入产品同质化的困境。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理，供大家参考阅读。

Medtronic Corporation is a giant in the cardiac pacemaker field. However, the progress of its development is not as right as rain and it suffered a lot in period of 1970s, which leads Medtronic to lose its leadership in its business field.

Several causes leads to the dilemma for Medtronic. Firstly, the increasing completion at that time, because of the fat profit for cardiac pacemaker, numerous companies take part into the market and although they cannot compete with Medtronic in terms of research and development, they are able to copy and improve the similar product based on Medtronic’s product, which cut down the profit of Medtronic. Secondly, the quality issues make Medtronic sufferer a lot and hit its brand image. As a product for patient’s most important organ – heart, the quality is highlighted by consumers. Last and the most significant factor influencing Medtronic’s leader position is its internal management problem. Since the development of Medtronic, the organization structure is becoming increasingly complex and the large organization goes against the internal management and communication, which reflect obviously in terms of innovation management and communication between marketing department and R&D department. For the former one, there are too many ideas of developing new product for Medtronic, which confuses the decision maker. As for the latter one, the information of market collected by marketing department is convey slowly to the R&D because of the too long communication path.

Although the problems mentioned above are terrible and tough, the great project leader, Ken Anderson leads the company to regain its glory time by coming up with change of management practice. Firstly, he rediscover the unique and competitive strength in Medtronic and makes good use of it. The most important competitiveness for Medtronic is its R&D strength and it is hid by the lower level of management. Ken makes Medtronic different by putting forward of the amazing product – Activitrax, which can adjust its operation according to patient’s heart beat. The thinking pattern behind this great product is to bring out the unique product with great features patient really cares about. Additionally Ken also pays attention to the product quality and make it stable in a long period and at that time lots of product recall from competitor makes Medtronic’s quality more excellent. What’s more, a system to measure product development has been established in Medtronic, which evaluates the product development process in regard to four aspects including speed, cost, innovation and product quality, which improves the features of product and its quality genuinely.

Nevertheless, the market keeps changing and the competitors are catching up, which brings new challenges for Medtronic in 1996. This challenge can be divided into two parts. One is from its internality. At that time, one of the most difficult tasks for Medtronic it to think out the ways to develop new talents and retain the person with ability. Many excellent staff in Medtronic moved away to other small firm to display their talent because they think the career path in Medtronic has hit the celling and in the small firm their ideas can be adopted easier. This situation makes a cruel fact that Medtronic is training the excellent talents for its competitors in some extent if the great staff cannot be retained. For the other part, the trend of product homogeneity has appeared. The companies in the pacemakers spend their effort in the same direction of developing product feature, which decreases the distinctiveness of Medtronic’s product.

New challenges stimulate the new measures and strategy to respond the market changing in Medtronic. As always, Medtronic focuses on the R&D part and spends its effort to distinguish its product by adding value in different ways to avoid getting into troubles of product homogeneity. Medtronic has been closer to consumers by its advanced information collection ability and based on it its product feature can be more friendly and marketable. Secondly, the direction of expanding market has been changed. Medtronic will pay more attention to the niche market in the less developed countries. These market may not as profitable as it in the developed countries. But the growth rate from the less developed countries is desirable and there is less competition in these market. Once Medtronic brings its products to these markets, the first-mover advantage will be set up, which can boost sales and profit. Except the expansion of geography, Medtronic also aims at other groups including hospital management, payors and buying groups, which are the potential market. To support these strategy mentioned above, the new training for its sales force is also put forward.

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Essay代写：Music teaching at Oxford University

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Music teaching at Oxford University，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了牛津大学的音乐学教学。牛津大学的音乐教学不但有着丰厚的学术资源和学术传统，而且研究新颖、视觉独特、范围宽广，在世界音乐教学中占据重要的地位。理论与实践相结合的教学方法在牛津大学的音乐教学中得到了完美的体现，这主要是因为牛津大学有着得天独厚的教学环境，艺术氛围浓厚，学生可以随时随地的接受音乐的熏陶和教育。

Music teaching in Oxford University not only has abundant academic resources and tradition, but also has novel research, unique vision and wide range, which plays an important role in music teaching in British musicology and even the world. The teaching method combining theory and practice is perfectly reflected in music teaching of Oxford University. This is mainly because Oxford University has a advantaged teaching environment and strong artistic atmosphere, and students can receive music and education anytime and anywhere. The music teaching level of Oxford University can reflect the music teaching level of Britain and even Europe. Music educators in China need to study the current situation of music teaching in Oxford University, and learn from the advanced teaching ideas and models to improve the quality of music teaching in China.

As a representative of famous British universities, Oxford University has rich academic resources. Since its founding, Oxford University has studied its own unique music teaching mode with the academic spirit of combining criticism and inclusion. Oxford University is located in the European economic and cultural center, with a large number of cultural and artistic opportunities, coupled with the inherent artistic pursuit spirit of westerners, music atmosphere is strong.

According to rick clark, a professor of music psychology, music of human ability, social psychology, music, music emotion and meaning, music, etc. Professor Andrew ? Wei Sen early music study, musical history at the university of Oxford research has a long history, and for classical music with deep emotions, at Oxford University, many have set up their own choir music academy. Professor Martin ? stoke music ethnology, main research field is music Turkey and Egypt.

Interdisciplinary research method: the empirical and empirical methods are used to study other disciplines that are connected with music. Music research partners are all over the world, conducting cross-regional research on musicology. There are open academic organizations, in the teaching, students are the main body, teachers play the role of the guide and the role of the point. Theory and practice are highly unified. There is a strong artistic atmosphere, students' study and life are full of art, anytime and anywhere to accept music edification.

Music teaching in Oxford University is divided into undergraduate teaching and postgraduate teaching. The courses are set according to the professional fields of the teachers. The content of the courses involves all aspects of music research. British musicology aims at cultivating music talents with strong comprehensive quality. In the teaching process, it adopts the teaching method of instructing teachers or students to formulate discussion topics, students to discuss and teachers to comment. In the whole teaching process, students show high participation and initiative, and music comprehensive ability is exercised.

Music teaching in Britain generally adopts one-to-one speech, evaluation, other students' discussion and teachers' comments. Each link of teaching is highly critical, which enables students to develop the habit of thinking and criticizing and cultivate students' expression ability. In the teaching, teachers constantly guide students to criticize and refute different opinions, so that students' music comprehensive ability can be improved.

The teaching method of discussing learning expands students' scope of knowledge and enhances their interdisciplinary consciousness. Students can speak according to their own interests and knowledge, in the process of speaking, they continue to accumulate knowledge points that they lack in the other party's speech, so as to expand their cognition of music. At the same time, students can share different opinions with others and listen to different opinions in the discussion.

In the process of discussion and learning, students play four different roles. One is the speaker. The speaker should try to make sure that his speech is clear and accurate. Second, evaluators should accurately understand the meaning of others' opinions, evaluate others' opinions with the spirit of critical absorption, and elaborate their own opinions. Third, the participants in the discussion, discussion should actively speak, their knowledge structure and other people's knowledge structure. Fourth, the audience, do the audience to respect the speech of others, put down the essence of others' speech, enrich their knowledge.

The music department of Oxford University has three semesters a year. Each term has eight weeks, one hour a week. The class hours are very few, but there is a huge amount of information. The school provides many opportunities for students to accumulate knowledge. Students' learning environment is open and learning efficiency is high. Teachers use heuristic teaching methods to train students' critical thinking.

Through the analysis of music teaching in Oxford University, it can be seen that music teaching in China is very different from music teaching in Britain due to the differences in academic thinking, teaching concepts, teaching system, teaching environment and learning habits. In order to effectively improve the quality of music teaching in China, musicologists should start from Oxford University, conduct in-depth research on the current situation of British musicology teaching, draw on advanced education experience and theoretical methods, and constantly update the concept of education in musicology. In addition, musicology educators in China should also study their own musicology theories and teaching status quo, fully respect students' dominant position in music teaching, cultivate students' appreciation ability and creative ability in music, and cultivate music talents with strong comprehensive quality.

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