英文历史书评写作方法介绍

Book Review，就是书评，是英文论文写作中非常重要的一种写作类型。在国外读历史的留学生经常会遇到这种论文作业，所以大家都是写到麻木那种。但这样肯定是不行，Book Review必须要非常认真去写。那么历史书评该怎么写呢？下面就给大家讲解一下。

通常来说有很多种方式来撰写书评Book Review，但如果老师没有提供具体的写作说明，你在进行论文格式编辑时就不知道到底应该用哪种格式来写。

在大学课程中，当你的教授在审查你的历史论文时，许多教师和大学教授都倾向于使用这种格式。在任何风格指南中都找不到它，但它确实包含了Turabian写作风格的各个方面。

尽管对你来说这看起来有点陌生，但是很多历史老师都喜欢看到你正在评论的书（Turabian风格）的完整引文，正好在标题的正下方。虽然从引文开始可能看起来很奇怪，但这种格式反映了学术期刊上发表的书评的整体外观。

在标题和引文下方，以文章形式书写书评的正文，不带字幕。

在撰写书评时，请记住，目标是通过讨论优势和劣势来分析文本，而不是总结内容。还应注意，最好在分析中尽可能保持平衡。包括优点和缺点。另一方面，如果你认为这本书写得非常糟糕或巧妙，直接表达出你的阅读感受。

Other Important Elements to Include in Your Analysis

1.Date/range of the book.书的日期/范围。定义本书涵盖的时间段。解释本书是按时间顺序进行还是按主题处理事件。如果本书针对一个特定的主题，解释该事件如何适应更广泛的时间尺度（如重建时代）。

2.Point of view.观点看法。如果作者对某个事件有强烈意见，你能从文本中收集到吗？作者是客观的，还是表达了自由主义或保守主义的观点？

3.Sources来源。作者是否使用二手资料或主要资源，或两者兼而有之？查看文本的参考书目，看看是否有关于作者使用的来源的模式或任何有趣的观察。来源是新的还是全部的？这一事实可以为论文的有效性提供有趣的见解。

4.Organization.组织。讨论这本书是否对其编写方式有意义，或者是否可以更好地组织。作者花了很多时间来组织一本书，有时他们只是做不到！

5.Author information.作者信息。你对这位作家有什么了解？他/她写的还有哪些书？作者是否在大学教书？是什么培训或经验促成了作者对该主题的掌握？

评论的最后一段应包含评论摘要和明确的陈述，以传达整体意见。通常做出如下声明：

这本书履行了它的承诺，因为……

这本书令人失望，因为……

这本书对……的论点作出了重大贡献。

书[标题]为读者提供了深入的洞察力……

进行Book Review书评写作是一个机会，一个你能够表达对一本书的真实看法的机会。只需记住用文本中的证据来支持上述强有力的陈述。所以要记得正确的使用引用。

Tips:

Turabian写作风格经常是用在历史论文写作中的，如果老师没有明确引文风格，欢迎可以选择使用Turabian Style.

以上就是关于历史类的书评讲解，如果同学们遇到这类作业，就可以按照上面说的去做写。

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北美作业代写：What is a Healthy Romantic Relationship

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- What is a Healthy Romantic Relationship，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了健康的恋爱关系。不同的人对健康的恋爱关系应该有不同的定义。事实上，由于大家不同的生活经历，所以对健康恋爱关系的形成有不同的观点。但大多数人认为，一段健康的恋爱关系是建立在有效及时的沟通，相互尊重，合理安排在一起和分开的时间的前提下的。

What is a healthy romantic relationship? Opinions toward this question may vary from couple to couple and different people have different definitions toward how a healthy romantic relationship should be. As a matter of fact, different life experiences of each and every person can play a part in the formation of different standpoints toward how a healthy romantic relationship should be. In my own point of view, a healthy romantic relationship can only be cultivated on the premise of effective and timely communication, mutual respect as well as properly arranged time spent together and apart.

Firstly, the effective and timely communication is inevitable for a healthy romantic relationship when taking its being able to keep the couples closely connected into consideration. To put it more specifically, the couples are better to vocalize their love to each other and offer compliments so that their partner can feel sweet due to a sense of being loved. Furthermore, the couples should also express their appreciation toward one another through various means including acts of kindness, cards, flowers, words, etc. Apart from love and appreciation, it would be beneficial toward the formation of a healthy romantic relationship for the couples to communicate their bad feelings in time but not sweep issues under the rug. Though it may be awkward and uncomfortable to talk about the negative feelings, it would contribute to a fulfilling and long-lasting relationship and they will tend to cherish their partner more.

Moreover, mutual respect is another key element for a healthy romantic relationship because it can make the couples feel they are an exclusive individual. Respect can be embodied in many forms by respecting the partner’s character, heart, time, trust. But what has to be pointed out is that respect indicates that couples can not compare their partner to others, like what they work on, their clothes, their homes and something else like that. Comparison will give people an unbalanced state of mind, resulting in their jumping on their partner. In addition, there are plenty of other things people do as will break down respect, such as evaluating badly about the other to the surrounding people, name-calling, threatening to end the relationship and so on. So a fair knowledge can be obtained that people should not do these things for the sake of a healthy romantic relationship.

Last but not the least comes that properly arranged time spent together and apart also concerns for the shaping of a healthy romantic relationship. Couples have to spend quality time together and quantity does not matter as much as quality. That is to say, when the couples are together, they should do meaningful things so that both can be engaging. Besides, spending time apart is as crucial as spending time together in that it can enable people to do their own things. Some autonomy and healthy boundaries can provide personal space for the couples so that they can remain independent. It can be understood in this way that each and every one would like to spare some time to deal with their own personal issues or to compose their emotion and organize their thoughts.

To sum up, effective and timely communication, mutual respect and properly arranged time spent together and apart are critical for the formation of a healthy romantic relationship from my perspective. Obviously, the formation of a positive and trusting partnership takes effort and time and it calls for the joint efforts of two partners involved in the relationship. It is hoped that all the couples can find their own feasible way to get along well with their partner so that they can live happily all the time.

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51due为留学生提供最好的paper代写服务，亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多paper代写范文 提供作业代写服务，详情可以咨询我们的客服QQ：800020041。

Reference的写作格式和要求

对于英国留学生来说，想必Reference是非常熟悉的，几乎每天都会接触到。虽然大家对Reference是非常熟悉，也写过很多次，但还是有一部分学生会疏忽它的写作格式和要求，导致出错。要想解决这个问题，那么大家对Reference就要做一个透彻的了解。

1.一般的英国高校，Reference中作者的姓名禁止使用中国名。

2.Reference的年代有必要运用2000年今后的时间。

3.谨记需求运用斜体的地方。

4.规范in-text reference的写法，括号、作者、逗号、反括号、句号等都需求严厉遵照要求进行。

5.英文论文的写作中，常常会呈现某某人以为/说，这时分某某人后边需求注明时间，这也是一种in-text reference，与此同时，reference list中也有必要写清楚相应的reference。

6.reference中，呈现的一些书名和文章名，都有必要与原文中标注了这条reference的文字内容相符。

7.假如引证的reference出自政府机关、公司内部，这时分是没有作者称号的，可是其他的情况下作者的姓名都需求写清楚。

8.不同的论文都会规则运用不同的reference格式，比较常见的有以下几种：哈佛(Harvard)格式、芝加哥(CMS)格式、APA格式、MLA格式。这些都需求在写作的时分依据要求来操作。

以上就是关于Reference部分的写作讲解，如果留学生们都能把这些写作的格式要求都注意好，那么reference部分的写作就没有什么问题了。

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Paper代写：A Woman’s Choice

本篇paper代写- A Woman’s Choice讨论了女性的选择。在一个女人的生活，她必须要选择嫁给谁，这个选择会影响她的生活。对于女性在选择男性时，除了倾听自己内心的感受外，还会有一些由她们自己设定的标准。在歌德的《少年维特的烦恼》和简·奥斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》中，夏洛特和伊丽莎白都面临着这样的选择。本篇paper代写由51due代写平台整理，供大家参考阅读。

In a woman’s life, she has to make one key choice: whom she is going to marry in the future. This choice may affect her life. In this perspective, what kind of man a woman chooses is vital to the happiness of her life. For women in the election of men and their future husband, in addition to listen to their own inner feeling, there will be a few standards set up by their own. In two classical works, Charlotte in Goethe’s The Sorrows of Young Werther and Elizabeth Bennet in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice faced such choice. In this article, it is to have a discussion of characters’ values reflected by their choices, and their gains by marrying the men and their losses by rejecting other men.

Charlotte rejects Werther and loses the ideal love. On the one hand, Charlotte loves Werther's profound knowledge, and talent. Charlotte and Werther are of the same interest, and the understanding of some literary works is also very similar. For example, when they are talking, Charlotte puts her hand upon Werther’s hands, and when she is eager to have a conversation with Werther, she sits closer to him, making Werther feel her breath touch his lips(Goethe, 53). In addition, it can be learned from the above text that Werther's love is not unrequited love. Charlotte and Werther have a heart consonance, and share a common rich spiritual world. Both of them are like-minded, and keep congenial, and long contact with each other. When Werther is asked how he likes her!, he answered that “ I utterly detest the word. What kind of man would merely like Charlotte, and not have all his senses and feelings dominated by her.”(Goethe, 51) From this, it can be seen that the love of Werther towards Charlotte was so valuable and passionate. Thus, she finds the unique charm, passion and vitality of Werther. Those common experience left an indelible impression in her heart . She knows that once she lost Werther, the ideal of love is no longer perfect. On the other hand, Charlotte is not a social rebel. This good and optimistic girl is a rational woman. Family is the most valuable thing in her mind, and love is not everything. But a peaceful life is more important than the frenetic love, and she can not ignore the reality, but choose to be blindly immersed in love. Werther is talented but not recognized by the community. Therefore, even if it is difficult, and full of pain, she must give up Werther.

By marrying Albert, Charlotte gets a reliable partner and stable life. Werther are different. In the heart of Werther, Albert is the most honest in the sky. He remarked him as “the best and noblest of men”(Goethe, 56). Albert is a widely respected and praised. He loves Charlotte and is proud of her. At first, he did not mind that Werther also love Charlotte. Even when Werther visits, will take the initiative to leave the room, so that Vettel and Charlotte can be alone. His mind is so broad that his virtue has won the respect of Werther and 's loyalty. In the eyes of Charlotte, Albert was practical and stable, who is the ideal candidate for her husband. She comment on Albert by saying, "Albert is a dear and honest man" (Goethe, 41).Also, he contrasts strongly with Werther. But Albert is “ considerate”, free of “ill humor” and has “tranquil evenness of manner”(Goethe, 56,57). Albert is a symbol of rational people, but also a symbol of loss of self-consciousness . Here, Goethe has little description of his subconscious. Albert's inner feelings is expressed less. The reader can not see his inner world. The shaping the character of Albert is to some extent complaint to the loss of complete human to be in line with the mainstream of the times. And for Charlotte, the heart is in a state of contradiction, but rationality in her mind is occupying the upper hand. In a rational society, she is unable to resist the fact that his choice has a great relationship with her own family environment and growth experience. Charlotte was born in a village judge family. But the early death of the mother make her a older sister be responsible for raising younger brother and sister, which mix her character with a very strong sense of morality and responsibility, and has become the source of her own restriction of love expression. The young impulse of Werther, and passionate feature of never concealing his inner emotions is her object of admiration, but is particularly risky for rational, calm and restrained Charlotte. Werther is sensitive, rebellious, too idealized, who is destined to not give Charlotte and her family a peaceful life. Thus, she chooses Albert. It is clear that the feelings between Charlotte and Albert are not real pure love. It does not have Charlotte and Werther's consonance. It is just a kind of dependency and trust. In other words, in life, Charlotte relies on Albert.

For Elizabeth, her first refusal to Collins and Darcy means that she may lose her material support, but she defends her ideal marriage which must be based on love. At that time the society is male-dominated. In such a social environment, women's marriage is often based on the choice of men and their decision. For Collins himself , he had no image of an ideal lover, and he offered Elizabeth a proposal entirely at the request from his patron. She said to him “Mr Collins, you must marry”(Austen, 1447). He thinks he has a decent job that will have a lot of money. It is a blessing for Elizabeth to be his wife. He has expressed no love to Elizabeth but just lists some benefits. He talked about the reduced loss of his family and his indifference of Elizabeth’s inheritance of money if she marries him(Austen, 1454). He's self-willed, and self-deceiving attitude is to let Elizabeth feel funny. She refused priest Collins by saying “my feelings in every aspect forbid it”(Austen, 1491). she believes that love is the basis of marriage. She asked Collins to consider her as a rational creature(Austen, 1491). As a rational woman, her refusal is both firm and decent, which is reflecting her value of not seeking money but asking for equal marital. Darcy was born noble, wealthy, and handsome. But Elizabeth was deeply disgusted with the arrogance he showed at the ball, and then is prejudiced against Darcy. She was with “no very cordial feelings toward him”(Austen, 149). Later, although Darcy likes Elizabeth, believing his origin noble is bound to get Elizabeth's consent. Therefore, Darcy proposed for the first time and thought that she would agree. But her reply was that: “your arrogance, your deceit, and your selfish disdain of the feelings of others...built..a dislike”(Austen, 2598). She had no good feelings for Darcy, not mention love. For Elizabeth, money is more pale than love. It shows that the richness of material and the temptation of money can not let her sacrifice love. It is never possible for Elizabeth to sacrifice self-esteem to accept others’ mercy.

When Elizabeth is married to Darcy, she gets Mr. Darcy's appreciation, respect, and love. Elizabeth is holding deep prejudice of Darcy at the time, and she was merciless uttering her feelings and mercilessly showing a female image of daring and self-esteem. She won the appreciation and respect of Mr. Darcy. Darcy later decided to apologized and explained to Elizabeth. When he met Elizabeth again, he had a “naughty look and gave her a slight bow when he gave her the letter(Austen, 2626). Elizabeth was later removed from the misunderstanding of Darcy, and admiring his virtue after reading it. “his countenance, voice, and manner...in the possession of every virtue(Austen, 2763). She learned that he was kind, honest, frank, generous, and had a strong sense of responsibility for his family and friends. Darcy is more understanding of love. She is decided to put down their own prejudice, and accepts the proposal of Darcy. At this point, the misunderstanding and unhappiness between them vanished, and ushered in a beautiful marriage. Money is the material basis of marriage, but love is the premise of a good marriage. It is not because of his wealth to get her to marry or succumb to the will of others and become a dependency of marriage and foil. She make a choice for her own happiness and efforts and become the master and protagonist of marriage.

By marrying Albert and rejecting Werther, Charlotte with a emphasis on a peaceful life chooses a calm and reliable husband but gives up loves. Elizabeth with a value of regarding love as the basis of marriage refuses Collins and Darcy for the first time at the risk of losing her material support, and finally marry Darcy, which gains her Mr. Darcy's appreciation, respect, and love.

Works cited

Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice (Penguin, 0-141-43951-3)

Goethe, The Sorrows of Young Werther (Penguin, 0 14 044503 x)

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Essay代写：Britain's seamless accountability

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Britain's seamless accountability，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了英国的无缝隙问责。行政问责制度的发展源于英国的责任内阁制实践。英国作为传统工业化较早的国家，在责任政府建设方面开创世界先河，形成了许多可资借鉴的成功经验，也是提出并构建问责无缝隙政府的典范。早在17世纪，英国政府在议会弹劾程序的基础上，建立了内阁责任制时代下的传统问责制，后经历了公民宪章运动、合作政府等诸多行政改革，逐步建立了无缝隙问责体系。

The UK is a world leader in the development of responsible government and a model of seamless accountability. The traditional British accountability system has some problems, such as gaps in subject, purpose and foundation. Then, it implemented the reform of accountability system to realize the major transformation from parliament to society, from punishment to performance, from lack of accountability basis to sound accountability basis. The enlightenment of British seamless accountability system design on China's policies is mainly to activate the accountability of the NPC and strive for diversified channels. Focus on result-oriented and performance accountability; We will consolidate the legal foundation and strengthen institutional safeguards.

The development of administrative accountability system originates from the British cabinet system of responsibility. As a country with an early history of traditional industrialization, Britain has set a world precedent in the construction of responsible government. It has formed many successful experience that can be used for reference, and it is also a model for proposing and building a seamless government of accountability. The accountability system in the modern sense originates from western developed countries. In the long-term practice, they have developed a complete and seamless accountability system centering on each link of the exercise of administrative power. As early as the 17th century, the British government established the traditional accountability system in the era of cabinet accountability on the basis of the parliamentary impeachment process. After the civil charter movement, cooperative government and other administrative reforms, it gradually established a seamless accountability system. This paper mainly examines the development process of British responsible government and accountability seamless, deeply analyzes its main characteristics, and then puts forward the main policy enlightenment for China to build a seamless responsible government and improve the government's governance ability.

The British cabinet is elected by the parliament and is responsible to the parliament. The parliament has the right to supervise and hold accountable the individual and collective members of the cabinet. When cabinet members have problems in policy direction, compliance with discipline and law and conduct, they need to accept parliamentary inquiry, investigation, impeachment, vote of no confidence and other forms of accountability, which may lead to the resignation of cabinet members or even the total resignation of the cabinet. These accountability forms constitute the cabinet responsibility age Britain's main traditional accountability mechanism, the specific operation form the following question refers to the members in parliament during the meeting, in view of the existing in the work of the government law, turnovers, difficult to understand the situation to the head of government or government senior officials question or inquiry and request a reply activity, is a way to parliament to supervise the government. In the British parliament, inquiry activities often take place, and the right of inquiry has become one of the most important powers used by the British parliament to supervise the government. Under the relevant provisions of the British constitution, the house of Commons has the right to question ministers and seek oral or written replies to administrative measures. The investigative power of the British parliament originated from the supervision of the financial power of the state since the 13th century. Since then, with the expansion of the functions of parliament, the investigative power of parliament has also developed into the right to investigate the illegal facts of government officials questioned and impeached to obtain evidence. Investigation is an important way for the parliament to supervise the government's actions. The exercise of the power of investigation by the parliament can make "the most arrogant monarch and government officials tremble under its investigation and must explain their own actions". There are also cases of impeached officials who have made mistakes due to the investigation. Impeachment is an activity that the parliament accuses and punishes government officials who violate the law and neglect their duties and investigate their legal responsibilities. Because lower-middle class officials can be punished through superior sanctions, impeachment is mainly targeted at senior government officials. The reasons for impeachment may be dereliction of duty or malfeasance of the impeached person, or the impeached person may have a lifestyle problem. A vote of no confidence, also known as a vote of no confidence, is a vote of no confidence in government policies and officials. When the parliament considers that members of the cabinet have committed illegal or dereliction of duty or policy mistakes, it can put forward a no-confidence case against the cabinet. If parliament passes a no-confidence vote, it will lead to the resignation of the cabinet. A no-confidence vote can test whether the government has sufficient support from parliament and effectively supervise the government through this process. However, the vote of no confidence has a significant impact and can only be activated if there is serious breach of law or dereliction of duty on the part of cabinet members or cabinet policy violates the law and needs to be corrected.

The accountability system in the era of cabinet accountability system not only includes the parliamentary accountability, but also includes the internal level accountability of administrative organs. Hierarchical accountability refers to the behavior that the higher administrative organ punishes the inaction and disorderly behavior existing in the work of the lower administrative organ in accordance with laws and regulations. Hierarchical accountability is the top-down accountability within the government, where the superior supervises and investigates the activities of the subordinate in exercising authority. Compared with parliamentary accountability, hierarchical accountability is the same type of accountability, which is difficult to guarantee impartiality. However, due to its universality and directness, it is also regarded as an important supplement to parliamentary accountability.

In practice, the accountability system in the era of cabinet responsibility system has the following shortcomings: the main body of accountability is only parliament and government, which neglects the majority of citizens' rights of accountability and responsibility, does not emphasize the consciousness of citizen subject, and is not a comprehensive accountability; The purpose of accountability is mainly to punish officials who have made mistakes. Accountability often results from the resignation of officials or even the total resignation of the cabinet, but fails to consider whether the accountability provides better public services for the public. It is not constructive accountability. The foundation of accountability is a small number of accountability laws and the emerging culture of accountability, the foundation is not solid. In a word, this accountability system is a "gap" accountability system with gaps in the main body, purpose and foundation.

In response to the "gap" accountability system mentioned above, the British government has implemented many reform plans for the accountability system, and gradually established a seamless accountability system that is supervised by the whole society, constructive and has a solid legal basis.

Paying attention to civic consciousness and carrying out social accountability are the most important differences between the seamless accountability system and the traditional accountability system in contemporary Britain. In the traditional British accountability system, the main mode of accountability is the parliament's accountability to the cabinet and the minister's accountability to the civil servants. There are few ways for citizens to hold themselves accountable. However, all rights of the state belong to the people. The effective functioning of government should be judged by all the people in the country, not just by the parliament. With the development of British democracy, the government has become more and more aware of the importance of citizen accountability. In 1991, major's government launched the famous "citizen charter movement", which made public the contents, standards and responsibilities of government public sector services in the form of charter, accepted public supervision, and achieved the purpose of improving service level and quality, greatly expanding the subject of administrative accountability. Its convenient complaint channel, accepts the application process, clear service commitments and reasonable compensation standard for citizen participation, social asked obliged as the main body of accountability mode, the traditional accountability to parliament developed as predominantly social accountability include parliamentary accountability, accountability, internal administrative tribunal of accountability, media accountability system. Pluralistic accountability, especially social accountability, ensures the directness and universality of accountability and is an important feature of seamless accountability in contemporary Britain.

In the traditional British accountability system in the era of cabinet responsibility system, administrative accountability is mostly the result of the resignation of officials or even the resignation of cabinet. There are huge gaps in the traditional British accountability system that aims at punishment rather than performance. In 1979, with Margaret thatcher as prime minister, the British government began the vigorous "new public management movement". The 1988 "next action programme" proposed the establishment of "implementing agencies" within the ministries of the central government to implement departmental policies and provide public services. The effective implementation of the "next action plan" requires that the size and performance of government agencies should perform their administrative responsibilities within the policy framework formulated by the central ministries and commissions, and strengthen the administrative accountability of all government agencies. Hold responsible ministers accountable for public policy mistakes; Hold enforcement agencies accountable when service quality is poor. The "next action plan" achieves the separation of decision-making responsibility and public service responsibility, and lays a good foundation for the establishment of seamless accountability system in the UK. In 1990, major government shifted the focus of public sector performance management to the quality of public services and began to pay attention to the establishment of partnership between government and society. On the one hand, competent ministers sign cooperation agreements with the heads of executing agencies. The cooperation agreement clearly stipulates the responsibilities and powers of both parties as well as the quality and standard of public services provided by the executing agencies. When the executing agency fails to meet the standards set forth in the agreement, it will be subject to administrative accountability and punishment. This performance-based administrative accountability program replaces the previous punishment-oriented administrative accountability program, improves the efficiency of public services and protects the legitimate interests of the public. On the other hand, the British government understands the rational needs of the public from the aspects of economy, efficiency and efficiency through the "best value model", so as to determine the service objectives, compare the capabilities and performance of each service provider and select the right one to act as the executing agency, so as to make the performance assessment closer to the public. In 1997, the Blair government put forward the concept of "cooperative government", aiming at uniting various government departments and private institutions to provide better services to the public across organizational boundaries. The "cooperative government" pays more attention to performance accountability and integrates performance guidance into the individual evaluation system of civil servants, so as to cultivate the ethical spirit and core values of civil servants. The purpose of administrative accountability in Britain has gradually moved from punishing officials to better serving the public, which makes up for the gap in the purpose of administrative accountability and becomes an important part of seamless administrative accountability in contemporary Britain. Seamless administrative accountability is a systematic project, which needs fair and strict laws as the system support. The British government in the process of practice to push forward the reform of administrative accountability, enrich the related law, formed a set of sound legal system, administrative accountability for accountability subject, accountability object, accountability procedures, scope of accountability, accountability standards made specific provision, effectively avoid the "discretionary" accountability, as a result of the difference of the result. In 1853, the British government promulgated a set of civil service system with modern significance. Its strictness and rationality played an important role in the establishment of seamless administrative accountability system in Britain. In 1906, the British government enacted the corruption prevention act, which clearly defined the concept of unclear source of property and its sentencing provisions, effectively preventing and punishing corruption caused by abuse of power by government staff. In 1916, the British government amended the law to extend its scope of application to all local public institutions, effectively bridging the gap in administrative accountability of the original law. In 1947, the British parliament passed the royal procedure law, which made up for the legal gap that the British king was not held accountable for a long time. It stipulated that the British king, like ordinary citizens, had no legal immunity. In 2011, the anti-bribery act enacted by the British government came into force. The act provides severe punishment for those who commit bribery and take bribes, with a maximum of 10 years' imprisonment and fines. It has been called as "the strictest anti-corruption law in the world". In the process of practice, the relevant laws of administrative accountability in the UK have been gradually improved from lack to perfection, which has effectively filled the gaps in the laws of administrative accountability.

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