下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- The bournemouth，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了伯恩茅斯。位于英格兰南部的伯恩茅斯，是英国区域均衡发展的一个缩影。19世纪初，在贵族投资海滨城镇建设的热潮中，凭借温暖的气候和优越的自然环境，伯恩茅斯从一个小渔村开始发展，如今已成为英国人心中的度假天堂。伯恩茅斯不仅是旅游胜地，也是16万市民安居乐业的家园。
The UK is one of the countries with the highest degree of regional coordinated development and the smallest regional differences in the world. There are few advanced and backward regions in the UK, but there are differences in location and characteristics. Thousands of towns and cities are close to the water and the wind, or with the advantages of rural scenery, appropriate industry and ikea, and the countryside and the bustling city show their beauty, complement each other, constitute a regional balanced development across the country real scene.
Bournemouth, in the south of England, is a microcosm of the country's balanced regional development. In the early 19th century, in the boom of aristocratic investment in coastal town construction, bournemouth began to develop from a small fishing village by virtue of the warm climate and superior natural environment. In the late 20th century, bournemouth has become the pronoun of "holiday paradise" in the British mind. But bournemouth is not just a tourist destination, it is home to 160,000 people. According to a recent survey by HSBC, 82% of bournemouth residents surveyed are happy and satisfied with their lives.
There are many small towns like bournemouth in the UK, which are characterized by well-developed transportation, simple functions, modern supporting facilities and complete application. They do not allow metropolises to have the natural environment that is hard to find in metropolises. This is the concentrated embodiment of the integration of urban and rural areas in the UK.
Due to the pursuit of free economy, regional development in the early urbanization process of Britain was not balanced, and many social phenomena, such as the increase of urban population, traffic congestion, housing shortage, high crime rate, environmental degradation and barren rural land, emerged, hindering further economic and social development. The government in the middle of the 20th century over the development model, began to pay attention to the town planning to reasonable layout of urban and rural, urban and rural development in a legal and implementation of "welfare state" in order to balance social resources, combined with the British on the ecological environment of love and respect for cultural traditions, finally formed today's urban and rural integration, regional balanced situation.
Planning takes the lead and leads balanced regional development. In 1943, the British government established the department of town and rural planning, which actively carried out the construction of small towns and put planning first. New cities often plan flat and wide roads, modern commercial office buildings, multi-functional shopping center, and with dense surrounding forest, lakes, urban parks and other landscape, make it both urban and rural beauty. Towns with a history, such as bournemouth, tend to extend their reach by developing new areas nearby. Based on economic considerations and respect for traditional culture, the buildings, landscapes and roads in the old urban areas are not abandoned, and new buildings are rarely demolished. Although many old buildings need to be renovated for new decorations, they still retain the appearance of The Times. Under such guidance, bournemouth and other European towns can not only retain a deep historical background, but also add a strong flavor of The Times. The old and new areas are separated by green belts, and the whole is harmonious and beautiful.
In the 1960s, in order to accelerate the balanced development of the country's regions, the British government adjusted the administrative divisions, and there were new plans such as greater London and greater Birmingham. The new plan focuses on the rational division of functions within and between cities, and aims to construct a complementary relationship between cities and urban areas. For example, the planning strategy of greater London emphasizes that London should provide sustainable development space for its satellite towns. At the same time, satellite towns and cities can complement each other's advantages and share resources with London by simplifying their main functions, so as to promote the coordinated development of the whole region. Under the guidance of the new plan, bournemouth also built large public buildings such as bournemouth international center in the 1980s to strengthen its main function, and together with the nearby port town of Poole and the millennium religious city of Christchurch, bournemouth formed a satellite city cluster with tourism vacation and conference as the main functions in the peripheral planning of greater London.
In order to further promote the development of small towns and villages, the UK has also implemented anti-urbanization planning, transferring government departments or subordinate institutions to small towns, so as to promote the comprehensive progress of various regions and lay the material foundation for their sustainable development. The foreign office's policy research arm, for example, moved from central London to the suburbs; The monetary authority moved to new east London, etc. Government behavior soon become a social behavior, many public institutions and enterprises also began to far away from the city, such as the national gas company to headquarters "sent down" on the town of Windsor, British airways will headquarters parachuted into ha he wo town, set up the headquarters or branches in bournemouth's well-known enterprise more jpmorgan chase, Unisys corporation, standard life insurance, etc. This not only effectively promoted local development and prosperity, but also significantly improved the level of public services throughout the UK and increased employment opportunities, so that most residents could and would be comfortable working in the UK.
Social security benefits, follow up regional balanced development. The balanced distribution of medical and other social security resources is an important guarantee for the coordinated development of regions in Britain. After the end of world war ii, Britain began to establish a social security system, hoping to eliminate the social problems caused by early urbanization by implementing the "welfare state system". It mainly includes: providing residents with basic living security; Providing medical services; (iii) provision of adequate housing for decent living; Provide education service. The package covers the cradle-to-grave process, making Britain the representative of the welfare state.
Take the widely concerned national health service system of the United Kingdom as an example. Its core idea is that the service covers all the people, no matter in remote villages or metropolises, residents can enjoy basic free quality services, which can fundamentally improve the health condition of grassroots people. The NHS has been so popular in the UK since its launch that it has been regarded as a national honour. The same is true of bournemouth, especially the medical insurance. There are many community clinics and specialized hospitals, which can provide residents with good medical and health services anytime and anywhere. Even students who have studied abroad for six months can enjoy it with their spouses and children.
Law is Paramount to ensure balanced regional development. In order to solve various social problems in the balanced development of regions, the British government has upgraded administrative measures to legal means. In 1909, the first urban planning law in the world -- regulations on residential and urban planning -- was promulgated, marking the beginning of urban planning as a government function. In 1947, the law on urban and rural planning was promulgated and implemented, integrating urban and rural areas into a whole for overall planning and construction. In 1953, the law on the protection of historical buildings and ancient monuments was promulgated to regulate and guide regional coordination and balanced development. In 2004, the urban and rural planning law was revised, which upgraded the original guiding regional planning to legislative norms, thus forming a perfect management system composed of the central, regional and local levels. These laws have played an important role in government intervention, regulation, standardization and guiding the orderly construction and development of regions.
British urban planning is not only advanced, but also advanced. More importantly, the government ensures strict compliance through various means. According to the regulation, the dweller carries on the expansion to oneself residence business shop, add attic, repair garage to must report approval to the district government's planning office, and have the considerable quantity extension application is rejected because the reason such as expansion reason is insufficient or expansion scale is not appropriate. The vast majority of people in Britain believe that the law has a positive effect on the appearance of towns and cities, so they agree with it and are willing to abide by it. Illegal expansion will not only be severely punished by the administration, but also be ostracized by neighbors. Under such strict management, the number and proportion of residential land, transportation land and industrial and commercial land in Britain have been relatively stable. The same is true of bournemouth, where the urban elements such as the outline of the town and the main traffic route have rarely changed since 1950, presenting the texture of historical accumulation.
Ecologically oriented, promoting balanced regional development. Under the influence of the idea of rural urban planning, Britain pays special attention to the rational use of local natural, historical, cultural and industrial development characteristics for differential protection, constantly strengthening the urban and rural thickness and freshness preservation, and extending the scope of balanced regional development. In this country, green belts must be built around all towns and cities to isolate and protect farmland, rivers, lakes, forests and other natural environments. Much of bournemouth's old town, particularly its houses, is still Victorian and Edwardian, with its age of pine forests and boulevards where birds and squirrels often roam. Like most small English towns, the church remains the tallest building in the area, with its bell tower overlooking the town and a natural and harmonious pastoral landscape.
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