Philo Remington, an Il, NY, man. of small arms

→　Martin Campbell-Kelly The User-friendly Typewriter Volume 1, December 2005 The Rutherford Journal

Densmore did not have sufficient funds to manufacture the machines, however, so he negotiated with Philo Remington, an Ilion, New York, manufacturer of small arms, to make them.

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bar

The original Remington No. 1 was known as an “up strike” model, because the type bars struck the underside of the carriage.

The first commercial models enabled the operator to peer above the type bars to see the work in progress, but the line of sight was obscured if the operator sat too far back in his or her chair.

In this machine the type bars were held horizontally, sprang out, struck the top of the carriage, and instantly retracted, leaving the line of typing visible.

In this very distinctive machine the inverted-U shaped type bars were stacked either side of the printing point (Fig. 4).

It was difficult to stack many more than a dozen type-bars on top of one another.

When a key was depressed, the ribbon rose and interposed between the type bar and the paper; both then instantly retracted to their original position to reveal the full line of print.

The striking mechanism used an accelerated type bar so it was not necessary to stab at the key as with other models, but to press it gently like an organ or piano key.

Early typewriters were much noisier than later, perfected models. They were substantial and over engineered: long type bars designed for maximum momentum slammed onto the platen; the manual carriage return caused the intermittent crashing of metal into metal; and worn, sloppy mechanisms produced a constant level of background noise.

The most important way of reducing noise was to eliminate the percussive action of the type bars on the platen. In 1894 an inventor, Wellington Kidder, applied for a patent for a printing action that pushed the type bar onto the platen rather than striking it.

Second, typewriters had become quieter over the years: smoother carriage escapements, closer machining tolerances, and shorter, lighter type bars all served to reduce noise, so the advantage of noiseless machines was gradually whittled away. Finally, noiseless typewriters had a different “feel” to standard machines.26

What makes the QWERTY example so compelling in network economics is that unlike other standards (such as the railway gauge or mains voltage) there would have been almost no manufacturing cost in supplying an alternative keyboard―it was largely a matter of which letter was attached to which type bar, and it was very easy to modify the production process.

So far as can be understood from the written accounts, in the prototype machine commonly occurring letter pairs in close proximity (such as D-E or S-T) would cause the type bars to clash and stick when the letters were typed in quick succession.

34 O. Mergenthaler, “Machine for Producing Printing Bars,” U.S. Patent 317,828, May 12, 1885.

「盲牌」は差別的ではないかということで、以降は「触牌」と言われることとなった

「盲牌」は差別的ではないかということで、以降は「触牌」と言われることとなった。

感动人性设计
来到山西,一直没坐过公交车,某天走在街上,突然看见太原的公交车站台边上的导盲牌...

Idiosyncrasy

Idiosyncrasy

Who started the blind touch? aJapanese man? 「盲打」

Who started the blind touch?

Many idiosyncratic styles in between those two exist – for example many people will type blindly, but using only two to five fingers and not always in a systematic way.

"blind touch" "typewriter"
blind touch 和製英語 ブラインドタッチ

blind touch スペースアルク：英辞郎検索結果:
〈和製英語〉ブラインドタッチ◆【標準英語】touch typing

ブラインド-タッチ 6 - goo 辞書:
〔和 blind＋touch〕⇒タッチ-タイピング

呼称の変遷

日本ではタイプライターの打鍵法の教育用には、「触鍵法」という漢字熟語が使われていた。見ながら打つ方法は「視鍵法」と呼ばれ、触覚と視覚の対比となっていた。

その後、日本では1980年代にはブラインドタッチという表現が使用されるようになっていったが、「ブラインドタッチ」という言葉は和製英語であったこと、また、一部でブラインド（blind = 盲目）という表現が差別的ではないかとの指摘がなされたこともあり、1990年代半ば以降・現在ではタッチタイピングという言葉が一般的になりつつある。

なお実際にはblindという単語自体に差別的ニュアンスはほとんどない。中国語では現在でも「盲打」と呼ばれており、全盲のアマチュア無線愛好家を「ブラインド・ハム」と呼ぶ。

盲打

Frank E. McGurrin

Frank E. McGurrin　ぐぐって
Frank Edgar McGurrin
Frank Edward McGurrin
Touch typing

who invented blind touch?
blind touch 盲牌？

タッチタイプと、名称特許かなんかの絡みで、本家家元元祖や流派争いで、で、名称分裂が起こったのだろうか？
初期には、タッチタイプだったのか？
本邦でも、書名にはタッチメソッドとあるのが古そうだ。
ブラインドタッチの創始者はだれだ？
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Frank Edward McGurrin typing

Martin Campbell-Kelly The User-friendly Typewriter Volume 1, December 2005 The Rutherford Journal - The New Zealand Journal for the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology

Martin Campbell-Kelly