【義経近臣佐藤継信の矢戦での死 四国・屋島-6】

源平戦争研究篇に突入したブログであります（笑）。
本意ではないのですが、やはり屋島のことを書いていると源平合戦が
大きなテーマで浮かび上がってきてしまいますね。
少年時代「平家物語」を読んだ記憶があり母親に「源氏物語」を買ってくれと頼んだ。
買う寸前になって振り向いた母親が「本当に源氏物語読みたいのか？」と
念押しされて内容をかいつまんで説明されて驚いた記憶がある。
そうです、平家物語があるのだから反対の立場で源氏物語を想定していた・・・。
ということで、少年にはチンプンカンプンな王朝恋愛絵巻地獄は回避できた（笑）。

どうしても男子というのはこういう戦争ものには反応するのでしょう。
平家物語というのは琵琶法師というアナウンサーに楽器付きで
全国津々浦々の村の寺社の祭礼などで興行させる「メディア」でもあった。
たぶん日本社会で最初期のニュースメディア業態だったのだと思う。
題材として源平の軍記物ニュースは人々の強い興味関心を惹いたのでしょう。
このことが日本の情報流通の嚆矢となっていったと思います。
判官贔屓という日本人感覚はこういったメディアによって醸成されたとも思える。
上図は「屋島での継信最後（赤間神宮所蔵）」というWikipedia所載の画像の一部。
横たわっているのが義経に従っていた佐藤継信とのこと。
下写真はかれを埋葬する近隣の「州崎寺」。
かれは奥州藤原氏の家臣団武士で、義経が頼朝挙兵に参陣して以来、
主従の関係を持ってきていたとされている。
ただ、御恩と奉公という武士の観念からいえばかれの主は藤原秀衡であって、
義経はその主から軍事的に仕えることを命じられた存在に過ぎなかっただろう。
この屋島合戦で四国の内陸路から平家の屋島陣の背後を襲って、
驚いた平家軍が海上に逃避してから主戦が「矢合戦」になり、
その過程で「主」である義経を身を挺して守備し、矢で射貫かれて死んだとされる。
義経を平家方はねらったが源氏方も一騎当千の兵が主を防ごうと矢面に馳せた。
真っ先に進んだ継信は弓手の肩から馬手の脇へと射抜かれ落馬。臨終に当たり
〜「この世に思い置くことは」と尋ねる義経に「別に何もない。武士は敵の矢で
死は元より期するところ。源平合戦に奥州佐藤継信という者が讃岐国屋島の磯で、
主に代わり討たれたと末代まで語られることこそ今生の面目。」と死んだ。〜
平家物語琵琶法師としては泣かせる場面で、さぞ盛り上がったことでしょう。

この屋島の合戦では「矢」が主役だったようですね。
たぶん平家方は義経の弓術のコンプレックスを刺激して敵の戦意低下を狙って
扇子の挑発とか、義経の弓を分捕ろうと計画したけれどうまくいかなかった。
そしてたぶん義経の身を守ろうとした武士は奥州から付き従ったかれだけだったかも。
義経はこの屋島でも四国の現地武士の支援で陸路攻撃が可能になっている。
このことは鎌倉武士団と義経の葛藤を表しているのでしょうね。


English version⬇

[Death of Yoshitsune Sato Tsugunobu in the arrow battle Shikoku / Yajima-6]
This is a blog that has entered the Genpei War Research Edition (laughs).
I don't mean it, but when I write about Yajima, the Genpei War
It comes to the fore with a big theme.
I remember reading "The Tale of the Heike" as a boy and asked his mother to buy "The Tale of the Heike".
She turned around on the verge of buying and asked her mother, "Do you really want to read the Genji story?"
She remembers being surprised when she was reminded and explained the contents.
That's right, because there is a Heike story, I was assuming the Genji story from the opposite standpoint ...
So, for the boy, I was able to avoid the dynasty love picture scroll hell that was crazy (laughs).

By all means, boys will react to such warfare.
The Tale of the Heike is an announcer named Biwa Hoshi with an instrument.
It was also a "media" that was used for festivals at temples and shrines in villages all over the country.
I think it was probably the earliest news media format in Japanese society.
Genpei's military news as a subject may have attracted a great deal of interest from people.
I think this became the beginning of information distribution in Japan.
It seems that the Japanese sense of Hoganbiiki was cultivated by such media.
The above figure is a part of the image on Wikipedia called "The Last Tsugunobu in Yajima (Akama Jingu Collection)".
Lying is Sato Tsugunobu, who was following Yoshitsune.
The photo below is the nearby "Shusakiji" where he is buried.
He is a samurai of Oshu Fujiwara's vassal corps, and since Yoshitsune joined Yoritomo's troops.
He is said to have had a master-slave relationship.
However, from the samurai's idea of ​​gratitude and service, his lord is Hidehira Fujiwara.
Yoshitsune would have only been commanded by his Lord to serve militarily.
In this Battle of Yashima, attacking behind the Yashima camp of the Heike from the inland route of Shikoku,
After the surprised Heike army fled to the sea, the main battle became "Arrow Battle",
In the process, it is said that Yoshitsune, who is the "lord", was struck and defended, and was shot through by an arrow and died.
Heike aimed at the general Yoshitsune, but Genji also struck a chord with the soldiers of Ikki Tousen to prevent the Lord.
Tsugunobu, who went ahead, was shot from the shoulder of the archer to the side of the horseman and fell. At the end
~ Yoshitsune asks, "Do you have any thoughts on this world?" "Nothing else. The samurai is an enemy's arrow.
It's about to die. In the Genpei War, a person named Tsugunobu Sato of Oshu was on the rocky shore of Sanuki no Kuniyajima.
He died when he answered, "It is the face of this life, the memory of the soul, that it is said that he was defeated by the Lord until the last generation." ~
The Tale of the Heike Biwa Hoshi would have been excited about the scene that made him cry.

It seems that the "arrow" was the main character in this battle of Yashima.
Perhaps the Heike clan stimulates Yoshitsune's archery complex to reduce the enemy's fighting spirit.
I planned to provoke a fan or capture Yoshitsune's bow, but it didn't work.
And maybe the only samurai who tried to protect Yoshitsune was the one who followed him from Oshu.
Yoshitsune is also able to make land attacks on this Yajima with the support of local samurai from Shikoku.
This probably represents the conflict between the Kamakura Bushidan and Yoshitsune.

【武力政権闘争と在地武士層 四国・屋島-5】

源平合戦というのは政治の主導権争いがそのまま武力戦争になった事態。
弥生時代以降、吉野ヶ里の逆茂木の様子をみればわかるように
わかりやすい「富の集中」が高倉倉庫などで目に見えるかたちになってから、
この列島社会で常に戦争は日常化していった。
吉野ヶ里では柵の中で集住した支配層が、農耕機具を含めた鉄器管理を行った。
当然かれらは武器も含めた製鉄の生産システムも管理していた。
日本史である時期まで日本権力層が朝鮮半島の政治情勢に深く関与したのは
この鉄の生産の原材料が朝鮮半島に依拠していたからとも言われる。
それが白村江の敗戦以降、日本国内で本格的に製鉄が行われるようになって
結果として朝鮮半島への依存度が低下して行ったという説が強い。
農業生産と製鉄は密接に関係する。製鉄システムを掌握する開発地主たちは
自らの権益を保守拡大するために武器生産も強化拡大していった。
この源平合戦時期は全国での耕地面積の拡大があって
在地開発地主たちは京都の政治権力を利用して自ら開発した土地を守るとともに
隙あらば常に隣接する土地への侵略の口実を探していた。
折から源平合戦期は未曾有の干ばつ被害が列島を襲った。
社会不安要素が強かったので各地蟠踞の源氏方は蜂起したともいえる。
かれらにとって領地の拡大がすべてであり源平のどちらが勝つかは関係ない。
ただ勝つほうに肩入れしてそこで自己アピールを強くすることが
そのまま領地争いにおいて有利になるのが基本。
かれらにとって「名を上げる」が直接利益であり勝つ側に付くことは最重要。
そういう状況から、戦争現場では「勢い」で一気に決着がつく。
勝ちそうだ、となったら一気に雌雄が決するというのが自然。
そういう心理を後の足利尊氏は最大利用したとも言われる。
上の図は屋島合戦の絵巻から、義経の「弓流し」。
義経は五条の橋での弁慶との立ち回りとか平家との最終決戦の壇ノ浦での
八艘飛びなどの逸話が残っているほどに軽快な動作の人物。
ということは腕力は非力だったよう、膂力の要求される弓の強さでは
その非力ぶりがあきらかになる危険性があって、
もし敵がそのことを知ったら悪宣伝に利用されることが必至。
案の定、敵大将の弱そうな弓を宣伝証拠としてゲットしようとした平家方。
そういう要素が戦争の勝敗にも係わると考え乱戦中のなか、
危険を顧みず海中に落ちた非力な自分の弓を義経は回収したのだという。
また下写真は屋島の「血の池」。戦闘後刀を洗ったら池全体が真っ赤になった。

＜『前賢故実』河野通信〜みちのぶ〜画像（江戸期、菊池容斎画）Wikipediaより＞

四国伊予武士団の河野家、河野通信はこの源平合戦期に源氏方として挙兵した。
この屋島では海戦に移行した段階で義経軍に舟を提供したともいわれる。
のちにこの家系が四国各地に分枝し、さらに播州恋ヶ浜・英賀にその一統が
領地を築いて播州三木氏になる。わたしの家系ではそのような伝承がある。
自分の勢力範囲を拡大させるのに、中央での政治闘争を利用したのでしょう。
今日の「企業努力」と大して変わらないマインドだと思える。
この時代には経済競争ではなく剥き出しの戦争が人生の成功、欲望の実現手段。
在地武士たちの思惑と冷徹な勝敗を見る目。
そのことに気付くリアリズムを平家は失っていたのでしょう。


English version⬇

[Armed government struggle and local samurai class Shikoku / Yajima-5]
The Genpei War is a situation in which the battle for political leadership has become an armed war.
As you can see from the state of the abatis in Yoshinogari since the Yayoi era
Since the easy-to-understand "concentration of wealth" became visible in Takakura warehouses, etc.
There is no doubt that war has always become commonplace in this archipelago society.
In Yoshinogari, the ruling class who lived in the fence managed ironware including farming equipment.
Naturally, they also managed the steel production system, including weapons.
Until the time of Japanese history, the Japanese power was deeply involved in the political situation on the Korean Peninsula.
It is also said that the raw material for this iron production relied on the Korean Peninsula.
After the defeat of Baekgang, ironmaking began in earnest in Japan.
As a result, there is a strong theory that the dependence on the Korean Peninsula has decreased.
Agricultural production and steelmaking are closely related. The development landowners who control the ironmaking system
Weapon production was also strengthened and expanded in order to maintain and expand its own interests.
During this Genpei War, the area of ​​cultivated land expanded nationwide.
Local development landowners use the political power of Kyoto to protect the land they have developed
I was always looking for an excuse to invade the adjacent land if I had a chance.
It is said that unprecedented drought damage struck the archipelago during the Genpei War.
Since there were strong factors of social unrest, it can be said that Genji of the 蟠踞 in various places uprised.
For them, the expansion of the territory is everything, and it doesn't matter which of Genpei wins.
However, it is possible to put your shoulders on the winning side and strengthen your self-appeal there.
It will be the basis that it will be advantageous in the territorial dispute as it is.
For them, "making a name" is a direct benefit and it is of utmost importance to be on the winning side.
From such a situation, at the scene of the war, "momentum" can be settled at once.
It is common sense that males and females will be decided at once when it seems to win.
It is said that Takauji Ashikaga later made the most of such psychology.
The figure above is from Yoshitsune's "Yoshitsune" from the picture scroll of the Battle of Yashima.
Yoshitsune went around with Benkei at Gojo Bridge and at Dannoura in the final battle with the Heike.
A person with such a light movement that anecdotes such as eight-legged flight remain.
It seems that it was weak in strength, and in the strength of the bow that requires strength
There is a danger that the weakness will be revealed,
If the enemy knows that, it will surely be used for bad publicity.
Sure enough, Heike tried to get the weak bow of the enemy general as proof of promotion.
In the midst of a turbulent battle, thinking that such factors are related to the victory or defeat of the war,
It is said that Yoshitsune recovered his powerless bow that he had dropped into the sea without regard for danger.

<"Zenken Kojitsu" Kono Tsushin-Michinobu-Image (Edo period, Kikuchi Yosai painting) from Wikipedia>

The Kono family of the Shikoku Iyo Bushidan, Kono Tsushin, raised troops on the Genpei side during the Genpei War.
It is said that this Yajima provided a boat to the Yoshitsune army at the stage of transition to naval warfare.
Later, this family branched to various parts of Shikoku, and the lineage was further established in Banshu Koigahama and Eiga.
Build a territory and become Mr. Banshu Miki. There is such a tradition in my family.
Perhaps he used a central political struggle to expand his reach.
It seems that the mindset is not much different from today's "corporate efforts."
In this era, bare war, not economic competition, is the means to succeed in life and realize desires.
Eyes to see the speculation of the local samurai and the cold victory and defeat. Heike would have lost that realism.

【源平古戦場「屋島合戦」 四国・屋島-4】

いま屋島を訪れると、瀬戸内海の風光明媚な温暖観光地ですが、
歴史としては古代国家での白村江敗戦以降の本土防衛戦の枢要地、
そして源平合戦での主要な戦闘地域ということで、
日本全体でのその軍事地理的重要性が明瞭だと言える。
白村江敗戦が663年であり、源平合戦は1185年3月なので522年の時間差。
しかし、源平期にはたぶん古城として「屋嶋城」は存在し、
古代以来のその戦略的立地性には疑いの余地もなかったに違いない。
木曽義仲によって京都を撤退した平家は西国に逃れたとき、
瀬戸内海の制海権という平家伝来の最重要戦略資産に依拠し、
政治的正統性を担保するのに安徳帝という幼君を推戴していた。
そういった状況を勘案すれば屋島が当座の根拠地として防御を固めたのは
無理からぬ戦略スタンスだとも思える。
治天の君としての後白河としてはすでに三種の神器なしで安徳に変わる天皇を
擁立していたとはいえ、その正統性には疑義もあり、
政治動乱が終結すれば安徳と三種の神器は「話合い」の重要政治資産にはなる。
平家としてはこの玉体が政治的生命線であったことがわかる。
そういういわば防衛スタンス一択であったことが軍事的には守勢を余儀なくさせた。
その思考法から「屋島」という根拠地選択にもなったのだろう。
ただ、こういった守勢一択の戦略方針では軍事的には士気を減衰させる。
ほんの少しのマイナス事象で心理的恐怖を呼びやすくなる。

政治としては京都の政局が最大のポイントだが、
一方で戦争は各地の実質的支配層・有力武士団が帰趨を制する。
各地に残る「平家落人」伝承の多さを考えると
「こんなハズでは」と考えた同時代人は相当多かったに違いない。
日本史の中でもこの時期の平家の滅亡ぶりは空前絶後のあっけなさ。
政治と軍事のバランス感覚がまったく機能していない。
っていうか、攻めると守るでは「攻める」方がはるかに優位に立てる。
攻める源氏軍は部隊を２つに分けて機動軍は大将義経が指揮して
浪速の港から徳島に上陸し現地武士団亀裂を加速させ陸路から屋島を急襲した。
それまでの平家の治世を常識と考えて現地武士団の違背を疑いもしなかった平家は
常識的戦略方針は「敵は軍船で海からやってくる」と一択戦略で守備していた。
忠誠を誓っていた四国の武士団の内実がバラバラとは平家は予想していなかった。
「俺たちには安徳天皇までいる」という正統性認識バイアス。
それが、敵がまさか「陸から来た」ことで露わな戦略失策が軍事の動転を呼んで
たぶん安徳の身の安全最優先で拠点を動かし舟に移動した。
陸を押さえた少数軍の義経は、寡兵でありながら突撃を繰り返させた。
やがて義経の少数軍ぶりがわかってきて平家も反撃し始めるが
後詰めとしての源氏側の正規軍船団が戦場に到着する状況が迫ってきて
安徳の身の安全最優先の平家軍は屋島を捨てて敗走していった。

ちなみにわが家系で関係の深い伊予・河野家一統はこの時期源氏に寝返っている。
祝賀の宴席の折敷の順番で頼朝、北条家に次いで「三の字」が書かれていて
そこに座ることが出来たことに感激しそれを家紋にした、という伝承が伝わる。
家系の古民家の屋根瓦にこのシルシが残ったりしているのですね。


English version⬇

[Genpei Warfield "Battle of Yashima" Shikoku / Yashima-4]
When you visit Imayajima, it is a scenic warm tourist destination in the Seto Inland Sea.
Historically, the centerpiece of the mainland defense battle after the defeat of Baekgang in the ancient nation,
And because it is the main battle area in the Genpei War,
It can be said that its military geographic importance in Japan as a whole is clear.
The Battle of Baekgang was defeated in 663, and the Battle of Baekgang was in March 1185, so there was a time lag of 522 years.
However, in the Genpei period, "Yashima Castle" probably existed as an old castle,
There must have been no doubt about its strategic location since ancient times.
When Heike, who withdrew from Kyoto by Yoshinaka Kiso, fled to Saigoku,
Relying on the most important strategic asset of the Heike clan, the command of the sea in the Seto Inland Sea,
To ensure political legitimacy, he was pushing for a young child named Antoku.
Considering such a situation, Yajima solidified the defense as a base for the time being.
It seems to be a reasonable strategic stance.
As Go-Shirakawa as the prince of the heavens, the emperor who already turns into an virtue without three kinds of sacred treasures
Even though it was upheld, its legitimacy was questionable,
When the political turmoil ends, Antoku and the three sacred treasures will become important political assets for "discussion."
For the Heike, it turns out that this ball was the political lifeline.
So to speak, the choice of defense stance forced the military to defend itself.
From that way of thinking, it may have become the basis for choosing "Yashima."
However, such a defensive choice strategic policy will dampen morale militarily.
Even the slightest negative event can easily lead to psychological fear.

Kyoto's political affairs are the biggest point in politics,
On the other hand, in the war, the substantive rulers and influential samurai corps in each region control the return.
Considering the large number of "Heike Ochijin" folklore that remains in various places
There must have been quite a lot of contemporaries who thought, "In such a bad situation."
The destruction of the Heike during this period in Japanese history is unprecedented.
The sense of balance between politics and military is not working at all.
I mean, if you attack and defend, "attacking" gives you a far advantage.
The attacking Genji army divides the unit into two, and the mobile army is commanded by General Yoshitsune.
It landed on Tokushima from the port of Naniwa, accelerated the cracks of the local samurai corps, and swooped on Yajima from the land route.
Heike who considered the reign of the Heike until then as common sense and did not doubt the violation of the local samurai corps
The common-sense strategic policy was to defend with an alternative strategy that "enemy comes from the sea by warship".
Heike did not expect that the truth of the Shikoku Bushidan, who had vowed allegiance, would fall apart.
Legitimacy recognition bias that "we even have Emperor Antoku".
However, the strategic missteps revealed by the fact that the enemy "come from the land" caused military upset.
Perhaps I moved the base and moved to the boat with the highest priority on the safety of Antoku.
Yoshitsune, a minority army who held the land, made him repeat the assault even though he was a mercenary.
Eventually, Yoshitsune's minority army became known and Heike began to fight back.
The situation where the regular army fleet on the Genji side arrives at the battlefield as a back-up is approaching
The Heike army, which puts the highest priority on the safety of the Taira clan, abandoned Yajima and routed.

By the way, the Iyo and Kono clan, who are closely related to our family, turned over to Genji at this time.
Yoritomo, the Hojo clan, and then the "three characters" are written in the order of the banquet folds.
It is said that he was impressed by the fact that he was able to sit there and made it a family crest.
This shirushi remains on the roof tiles of old folk houses of the family.

【屋嶋城・唐からの軍船団迎撃拠点 四国・屋島-3】

日本という国は地政学的に東アジアの一員として
ながく歴史を紡いできたけれど、常に中国との関係に悩まされてきた。
日本側の社会発展も中国との交流を通じて主に計られてきたし
たびたび戦争危機が訪れてきて社会変動の起因になってもきた。
明治維新以降はいち早く欧米世界と交流を始めて社会発展した日本に対して
中国は伝統的外交方針としての朝貢外交で「自己中」の殻に閉じこもった。
現代の「戦狼外交」ぶりを見るとそこからあまり本質は変わっていない。
朝貢意識が抜けないままとにかく国内を統治することがギリギリで
世界中から徹底的に嫌われることにまで意識が回っていないと思える。

そういう中国国家との緊張関係が歴史ではじめて戦争局面まで高まったのが
白村江敗戦以降の時期で、朝鮮半島での利権・百済との関係を保守するために
唐との関係が最悪の時期を迎えた。
白村江で百済が完全に消滅しその王族・遺臣たちが日本に逃れてきた。
唐と新羅はその勝利の余勢を駆って日本を侵攻する危険性が高かった。
たぶん新羅は侵攻を主張しただろうけれど、
本国からは遠く隔たった日本への侵攻には唐がためらっていたのではないか。
結果としては日本と唐・新羅との戦後外交の進展で
「日本本土決戦」は避けられたのだけれど、
対中国の戦争準備は忌まわしい記憶として王権に語り継がれていたに違いない。
中国・朝鮮から日本を侵略するにはこの時代、瀬戸内海ルートが一般的。
大船団を組んで侵攻するには九州、瀬戸内海、ヤマト盆地と
順次攻略する必要性があったに違いない。
日本軍が百済救援に大船団を送れたのは現地で百済からの兵糧支援があったから。
それに対して唐・新羅が軍船団を派遣するには
九州などで略奪で兵糧を獲得する必要があっただろう。
この時代の王権の支配力、末端権力のグリップがどの程度だったか、
九州の現地ではたぶん唐・新羅に呼応する勢力もあったにちがいない。
中大兄皇子としては、あらゆる危機対応を考えざるを得なかった。
百済から逃避してきた軍人たちは対唐・新羅連合軍の戦術として
瀬戸内海ルート上にたくさんの防衛拠点を造作した。
屋島は瀬戸内海の中でも備讃瀬戸の東限に位置し畿内に抜ける海上ルート要所で、
特に唐・新羅の大船団を迎え撃つには非常に重要な場所だった。
屋島は地理的に淡路島直前の大きな「砦」と考えられたのだろう。
当時は陸から離れた島であり、戦争の攻撃手段としては
小型軍船で遠征軍の船舶を火矢で「火攻め」にするのがまず考えられる作戦。
防御面では島の９割方が急峻な崖で覆われている地形は稀有な防御力。
屋嶋城の山上城壁は全長7キロに渡ってめぐらしたが島のほとんどは断崖絶壁で、
人工的に崖面に城壁が築かれていたのはそのうちの約1割程度。
比較的に上陸しやすい地点を城壁、石積みして固めたことだろう。

こういう状況を見ると白村江からこの時期まで、
まさに東アジア「世界大戦」の様相。遺跡発掘復元によって日本史が
より鮮明になっていく可能性が高い。ひょっとすると戦国期並みの
大注目時代になって行くのではないかと思っています。
＜写真類は高松市HPから＞


English version⬇

[Yashima Castle, a base for intercepting military fleets from Tang, Shikoku, Yashima-3]
Japan is geopolitically a member of East Asia
Although he has spun history for a long time, he has always been troubled by his relationship with China.
Social development on the Japanese side has also been measured mainly through exchanges with China.
War crises have often come and have become the cause of social change.
For Japan, which has developed socially by starting exchanges with the Western world as soon as possible after the Meiji Restoration
China has been trapped in a "selfish" shell with tribute diplomacy as a traditional foreign policy.
Looking at the modern "Wolf Warrior Diplomacy", the essence has not changed much from there.
Governance of the country is just barely possible without losing consciousness of tribute.
I don't think I'm conscious of being completely disliked by people all over the world.

It was the first time in history that such a tense relationship with the Chinese state rose to the war phase.
To maintain the relationship with Baekje, the concession on the Korean Peninsula, after the defeat of Baekgang
The relationship with Tang has reached its worst time.
Baekje disappeared completely in Baekgang, and the royal family and vassals fled to Japan.
Tang and Silla were at high risk of invading Japan with the surplus of victory.
Maybe Silla insisted on the invasion,
Tang may have hesitated to invade Japan, which is far from his home country.
As a result, the progress of postwar diplomacy between Japan and Tang / Silla
Although the "mainland Japan decisive battle" was avoided,
The preparation for the war against China must have been handed down to the kingship as an abominable memory.
In this era, the Seto Inland Sea route is common for invading Japan from China and Korea.
To invade with a large fleet, Kyushu, the Seto Inland Sea, and the Yamato Basin
It must have been necessary to capture them one after another.
The Japanese troops sent a large fleet to rescue Baekje because of the local military support from Baekje.
On the other hand, how to dispatch a military fleet to Tang and Silla
It would have been necessary to obtain troops by looting in Kyushu and elsewhere.
What was the grip of the royal power and terminal power of this era?
There must have been some forces in Kyushu that responded to Tang and Silla.
As a middle-aged prince, I had no choice but to think about all kinds of crisis response.
Military personnel who have fled from Baekje are a tactic of the Allied Forces against Tang and Silla.
Many defense bases were built on the Seto Inland Sea route.
Yajima is located in the eastern limit of Bisan Seto in the Seto Inland Sea, and is a key point on the sea route that leads to Kinai.
In particular, it was a very important place to meet the large fleet of Tang and Silla.
Yajima may have been geographically thought of as a large "fort" just before Awaji Island.
At that time, it was an island away from the land, and as a means of attacking the war.
The first strategy that can be considered is to use a small warship to "fire attack" an expeditionary ship with a fire arrow.
In terms of defense, the terrain where 90% of the island is covered with steep cliffs is a rare defense.
The Yamagami castle wall of Yashima Castle stretched over a total length of 7 km, but most of the island was a precipitous cliff.
About 10% of the walls were artificially built on the cliff surface.
It must have been hardened by masonry on the walls at a point where it is relatively easy to land.

Looking at this situation, from Baekgang to this time,
It is exactly the aspect of East Asia's "World War". Japanese history is revealed by excavation and restoration of archaeological sites
It is likely to become clearer. Possibly the same as the Warring States period
I think it's going to be a hot era.
<Photos from Takamatsu City website>

【白村江敗戦と「屋嶋城」築城 四国・屋島-2】

昨日のブログで「四国めぐり」とシリーズ名をお知らせしましたが、
とりあえず屋島にこだわるので、「四国・屋島」と改訂します。よろしく。
上の写真は、特殊な形状を見せる屋島の尾根平面南西側区画からやや下った位置の
旧「屋嶋城」（やしまのき、と呼称）の復元石垣面であります。
日本書紀には663年8月白村江での日本・百済連合軍の海戦での敗戦のあと、
唐と新羅連合軍による日本侵攻に備えて防衛ラインを造営した記述がある。
日本書紀の天智天皇6（西暦667）年11月の条に
「倭國高安城(やまとのくにたかやすのき）、讃吉國山田郡・屋嶋城（さぬきのくに
やまだのこおりやしまのき）、對馬國金田城（つしまのくにかなたのき）を築く」
（※倭國→現在の奈良県、對馬國→現在の長崎県対馬市）との記載。
中大兄皇子（後の天智天皇）はこの白村江の戦いを指揮したが敗戦する。
そこで母親の先帝・斉明天皇が661年8月まさに戦争直前に崩御したけれど、
即位を668年2月まで延期せざるを得なかった。
それだけ日本防衛が白眉の課題であった状況を活写している歴史事実。
白村江出兵時、額田王が伊予の国の熟田津港で軍船団にアジとして詠んだ歌として
「熟田津(にきたつ)に船乗りせむと月待てば潮もかなひぬ今は漕ぎ出でな」
というものがあるように、この世界大戦「白村江」は日本の運命を変えた。
屋嶋城はこうした時代の沸騰点をいまに伝えるものだけれど、
つい最近、平成10年に城壁の一部が発見されるまで長く眠りに就いていた。
現場に向かってみたけれど、台丘状の屋島の尾根を歩きまわってようやく
やや下っていく箇所でカミさんは降下を断念（笑）、わたし一人で下ってみた。
そこを通りかかった地元の方から親切に情報を教えていただいた。
歴史で665年前後といえば1357年前くらいのことで日本書紀という公式文書にも
記載があることなのに、このように埋もれてしまうものかと思わされた。
復元に当たっても文献資料などは乏しいので、
後世の手法なども勘案して復元に当たっているようです。

歴史のよすがとして、この屋嶋城は「朝鮮式山城」と呼称されている。
その後の日本史の展開などから推定していくと
やはりこの敗戦で百済から移入の人々が、こうした築城技術も持っていた。
その指導で全国に同様の城が築かれたというのが実際だっただろう。
この白村江敗戦以降、日本史は大きく展開していく。
天智の弟、天武が壬申の乱の勝者として即位して以降、
倭国から「日本」を国号として定めて唐の王朝にも信任させる。
内政面、外交面でも日本の大転換期だったことは間違いないけれど、
なんといってもこの屋嶋のように発掘復元もようやく始まったばかり。
建築としても朝鮮式山城という技術の実質はなんなのか、いまのところ不明。
歴史知識も常に掘り起こしが欠かせませんね。


English version⬇

[Baekgang defeat and "Yashima Castle" construction Shikoku / Yashima-2]
In yesterday's blog, I announced the series name "Shikoku Tour",
For the time being, I am particular about Yajima, so I will revise it as "Shikoku / Yajima". nice to meet you.
The photo above is a little below the southwestern section of the ridge plane of Yajima, which shows a special shape.
It is a restored stone wall surface of the old "Yashima Castle" (called Yamanoki).
In the Japanese Shoki, after the defeat in the naval battle of the Japanese-Baekje Allied Forces in Baekgang in August 663,
There is a description that a defense line was built in preparation for the invasion of Japan by the Tang and Silla coalition forces.
In the article of Emperor Tenji 6 (667 AD) of the Japanese Shoki
"Yamato no Kuni Takayasu Castle, Sanuki Kuni Yamada District, Yashima Castle (Sanuki no Kuni)
Yamada no Koori Yamanoki), Tsushima Kuni Kaneda Castle (Tsushima no Kuni Kanata no Ki) will be built. "
(* Wakoku → present Nara prefecture, Tsushima country → present Tsushima city, Nagasaki prefecture).
The middle-aged brother and prince (later Emperor Tenji) commanded this battle of Baekgang, but lost the battle.
There, his mother's late emperor, Empress Kogyoku, died in August 661, just before the war.
He had to postpone his coronation until February 668.
A historical fact that captures the situation in which Japan's defense was an issue for the white eye.
As a song that Princess Nukata wrote as a horse mackerel speech to the army fleet of Iyo Province even when sending troops to Baekgang
"If you sailor on Nikitatsu, if you wait for a month, the tide will be shining. Now you can't row."
As the truth is, this World War "Baekgang" changed the fate of Japan.
Yashima Castle conveys the boiling point of these times, but
Most recently, he slept for a long time until a part of the wall was discovered in 1998.
I went to the site, but finally I walked around the ridge of the hill-shaped Yajima.
At the point where he went down a little, Kami gave up the descent (laughs) and tried to go down alone.
The local people who passed there kindly gave me information.
About 665 years in history is about 1357 years ago, and it is also in the official document called Nihon Shoki.
Even though there was a description, it seemed that it would be buried like this.
Even if it is restored, there are few documents, so
It seems that the restoration is being carried out in consideration of the methods of posterity.

As a matter of history, this Yashima castle is called "Korean style mountain castle".
Estimating from the subsequent development of Japanese history
After all, the people who imported from Baekje in this defeat also had this kind of castle construction technique.
The fact was that similar castles were built all over the country under the guidance.
After the defeat of Baekgang, Japanese history has expanded significantly.
Since Tenmu's younger brother, Tenmu, took the throne as the winner of the Yang Water Monkey
"Japan" is set as the national name from Wakoku and is trusted by the Tang dynasty.
There is no doubt that it was a major turning point in Japan in terms of both domestic affairs and diplomacy, but
After all, excavation and restoration has just begun like this Yajima.
It is unclear at this point what the substance of the Korean-style mountain castle technology is in terms of architecture.
It is essential to always dig up historical knowledge.