【15世紀「北前交易」物証「大甕・古銭」／函館・志苔館】

1968年になって志苔館下の国道278号線の拡幅工事で、3つの大甕に入れられた膨大な量の古銭が見つかった。古銭はその相当部分が出土後に盗難にあったとされるけれど、残った枚数だけでも37万4千枚にものぼり、これは日本国内で1ヶ所からまとまって発見された古銭としては過去最多の記録的な量。この出土古銭について科学的な解析が進められた。
　容器の大甕は室町時代前期から中期の製造で2つは福井県の越前古窯、もう1つは石川県能登半島の珠洲窯ということ。そしてこの１文銭は室町時代の貨幣価値では現在のおおむね100円に相当するとされるので、37,400,000円相当となる。盗難された分を加えて考えれば1億円程度が埋蔵されていたか。
　そのほとんどは中国からの渡来銭で全体の85%という。貨幣としての流通機能としては、渡来であろうが国産であろうが出自は問わずに流通していただろう。現代でもわれわれはいちいちの個体の「製造年代」を気にしたりはしないで流通させている。埋蔵された時期はおおむね14世紀の段階でと年代特定もされているとのこと。発見された古銭は国指定重要文化財として市立函館博物館に展示されている。
　こうした古銭の流通を考えれば、当然、他の地域との「交易」決済手段が考えられる。当時の北海道島内部で、そうした古銭が大きく流通するという経済発展は考えられない。主要な流通はやはり大甕の生産地域・北陸地域との「北前交易」が考えられる。昨日まで触れたように、志苔館側のコンブと地域アイヌ社会との交易品である塩鮭が北海道島側の交易産品で、北陸側からはさまざまな生活用品、コメなどの食料品などが考えられる。一方、アイヌ社会は前述のように塩鮭交易もあっただろうが、道南地域の地場のアイヌの人びとはコンブ漁などの使役労働力として賃金労働に従事したことが推測される。
　さらに志苔館周辺で1456年に勃発した「コシャマインの戦い」の発端になったといわれるアイヌの少年と、和人の鍛冶屋との間での口論・殺傷事件が想起される。鍛冶屋は不満を言ったアイヌの有力者の子どもを問答無用と刺殺してしまったのだという。
　この事件はアイヌの少年が発注した小刀（マキリ）の品質と価格を巡って発生した。ということはアイヌの社会にも一定の貨幣経済の浸透があったと言える。要するに「高い、安い」という価値判断が常態化していたことになる。もちろん和人側がほぼ価格決定を独占していて、アイヌの側としては和人の「言いなり」で価格決定される経済実態があったのだろう。塩鮭などは生産流通をアイヌが押さえていただろうけれど、圧倒的多数の生活用具の流通・価格決定は和人が独占していた。
　こうした背景状況のなかで、道南十二館の併存的権力状況が「コシャマインの戦い」によって再編成され道南地域での松前藩支配体制が固まり、近世までの北海道島の政治権力状況が出現していく。


English version ⬇

A large jar of old coins, evidence of 15th century trade with the northern frontier / Shinoridate, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan
The large jar of old coins excavated from the site reveals the trade with Hokuriku and the actual monetary society of medieval Hokkaido Island. And eventually to the Battle of Koshamain. The battle of Koshamain.

In 1968, during the widening of Route 278 under Shikokan, an enormous amount of old coins were found in three large jars. Although a significant portion of the coins were reportedly stolen after they were unearthed, the number of coins remaining alone amounted to 374,000, which is the largest number ever found in Japan in one location in one place. Scientific analysis of the unearthed coins was conducted.
　Two of the large jars were made in the early to mid Muromachi period, one at the Echizen Kiln in Fukui Prefecture and the other at the Suzu Kiln on the Noto Peninsula in Ishikawa Prefecture. And since this 1-bun sen is said to be equivalent to roughly 100 yen today in terms of Muromachi period currency value, it is worth 37,400,000 yen. If the stolen coins are added to the total, the total amount of 100 million yen is estimated to have been buried in the kiln.
　Most of the coins are said to have come from China, accounting for 85% of the total. As a coin in circulation, it would have circulated regardless of its origin, whether it was imported or domestically produced. Even today, we do not pay attention to the “date of manufacture” of each individual coin. The date of the burial has been determined to be roughly in the 14th century. The discovered coins are on display at the Hakodate Museum as nationally designated important cultural properties.
　Considering the circulation of such old coins, it is natural to think of “trade” with other regions as a means of settlement. It is unlikely that such a large circulation of old coins was an economic development in Hokkaido Island at that time. The main distribution is thought to have been “Hokusen trade” with the Hokuriku region, the area where large jars were produced. As mentioned yesterday, kelp from the Shikokan side and salted salmon, a product of trade with the local Ainu community, were the trade products of the Hokkaido Island side, while various daily commodities, rice and other foodstuffs from the Hokuriku side were considered. On the other hand, the Ainu society probably traded in salted salmon, as mentioned above, but it is assumed that the local Ainu people in the southern Hokkaido region engaged in wage labor as laborers, such as kelp fishermen.
　In addition, we can recall the altercation and killing incident between an Ainu boy and a Japanese blacksmith, which is said to have triggered the “Battle of Koshamain,” which broke out in 1456 in the Shikokan area. The blacksmith stabbed the child of an influential Ainu leader to death without question when he complained.
　This incident occurred over the quality and price of a small sword (makiri) ordered by an Ainu boy. This means that the Ainu society also had a certain degree of penetration of the monetary economy. In other words, “high price, low price” was a normalized value judgment. Of course, the Japanese had a monopoly on price determination, and the Ainu probably had an economic reality in which prices were determined at the “behest” of the Japanese. Although the Ainu probably controlled the production and distribution of salted salmon and other products, the distribution and pricing of the overwhelming majority of daily necessities were monopolized by the Japanese.
　Against this backdrop, the coexisting power structure of the Twelve Provinces of Southern Hokkaido was reorganized through the “Battle of Koshamain,” which solidified the Matsumae Domain in the southern region of Hokkaido, and the political power structure of the island emerged until the early modern period.

【7-800年前の函館・志苔館に威信建築「四面庇」か？】

　さてGW中なのであちこちの出没記事が入ってしまうので、テーマ記事も休み休みになっていますが、ふたたび道南・函館市内の「志苔館」について。
　わたしとしては南北朝の争乱の結果、この函館の海岸段丘高台にいわば「亡命陣地」的に居館を築いた武家・小林氏のひとびとのありように興味を惹かれる。痕跡として残っているのは居館周囲の環状の溝・堀や自然を活かした「城郭」地形。そして掘立柱建物の痕跡。
　なかでも現地に建てられている「遺構表示」の案内文に強く反応したのです。以下その概要。
　〜発掘調査により「志苔館」が築かれた当時の遺構を表示。西側から中央部分に掛けては長軸20m、短軸11mの掘立柱建物＜桁行７間、梁間５間で「四面に庇を持つ」柱間寸法は７尺以上。＞が２棟並び、周囲には作が設置されている。〜と。
　そうなのです、「四面庇」建築の遺構ということなのです。床面積としては220平米（66.7坪）にもなる大型建築。一般住宅は多くは竪穴だった時代なのにこういった威信建築が突然出現する。
　写真の最後に参考として、飛鳥の地に建てられていたとされる天武帝の祭殿建築と想定された「エビノコ宮」の模型（橿原市にある橿原考古博物館で展示されている）を提示してみたのですが、要するに「四面庇」建築というのは、伝統的に東アジア世界共通の「威信材建築」の祖型モデルであること。
　たしかにいちばん上の図面からは四周を庇穴でぐるっと回された痕跡が確認できる。
　遺跡全体の中でこの建築遺構はほぼ中心的な立地条件に該当していて、周囲にはそれを防御するような柵も確認されている。
　こういう遺跡の状況を踏まえれば、この館主一統にとってこれらの建物は「威信建築」としての機能を持たせたというように想像することが可能だろう。
　津軽海峡をはるばると渡海してきた「敗残」の一統の根拠施設として、それも「動員兵力300〜のちのコシャマインの乱での動因兵力」の勢力として、このような中核施設建築を持つ動機があったのかと、いろいろと想像力を刺激されてならない。
　ひとつの想定としては、たしかに南北朝動乱での敗亡勢力だったとは言え、その後、この地域の主要産業要素である「コンブ漁利権」を一手に掌握して、その経済力で勢力を立ち直らせていったのかと。
　蝦夷地の主要な交易産品はコンブと鮭だったのだろうけれど、この小林氏一統の進出前はその産品をまとめて交易主体として活動する存在が明瞭ではなかったのではないだろうか。北国富山や石川県地域の「北前交易」主体側にしてみると、その交易相手が一本化して日本社会のニーズと合致した経済努力を行うことは、交易の発展に強く益したのだと思われる。
　武家としてと言うよりも、より経済面の中核性の高い存在として、その権力中心としての威信建築が海岸段丘上に「目印」として出現したようにも思える。建築の背景事情としてこうした想像が湧いてくる。しかし、あくまでも図面資料とその説明文からのわたしの想像ではあるが。


English version⬇

The prestige building “four-sided eaves” in Shinoridate, Hakodate, 7-800 years ago?
The “four-sided eaves,” a prestige building from the earliest days of Japan, has a certain symbolism. Could it have existed in the southern tip of Hokkaido Island in the 1400s? ...

Since I have been on the road a lot during GW (Golden Week), I have been taking a break from writing about Shikokan in Hakodate City, southern Hokkaido.
　I am interested in the way the Kobayashi clan, a warrior family, built their residence on the coastal terrace of Hakodate as an “exile camp,” so to speak, as a result of the conflicts between the Nanboku and Nanboku dynasties. Traces remain of the castle-like topography that made use of the circular ditches and moats around the residence and the natural surroundings. There are also traces of hottate-bashira (dugout pillar) buildings.
　I was particularly interested in the “Remains” signposts that were erected at the site. The following is a summary.
　〜The remains of the Shikokukan, which were excavated and surveyed at the time of its construction, are shown. From the west to the center of the building, there are two hottate-bashira (hottate-bashira) buildings with a long axis of 20m and a short axis of 11m (giridan: 7 ken, beam: 5 ken with eaves on all four sides, inter-pillar dimensions: over 7 shaku). ＞The building is flanked by two buildings and is surrounded by a work of art. 〜The building is 7 ken (7 ken) long and 5 beam spans.
　Yes, it is the remains of a “four-sided eaves” building. It is a large building with a floor area of 220 square meters (66.7 tsubo). This kind of prestige architecture suddenly appeared in an era when most ordinary houses were pit houses.
　At the end of the photo, I presented a model of the “Ebinoko Palace” (on display at the Archaeological Museum of Kashihara in Kashihara City, Nara Prefecture), which was supposed to be a ritual building of the Emperor Temmu, built in Asuka, as a reference. The top drawing shows a four-sided eave.
　Indeed, the top drawing shows traces of the eaves being turned around with eaves holes around the four perimeters.
　This building is located in the center of the entire site, and fences have been found around it to protect it.
　Given the situation of the site, it is possible to imagine that these buildings functioned as a “prestige building” for the family that owned the house.
　It is not difficult to imagine that the Tate family had a motive to have such a core building as a base facility for the “remnants” of the defeated line that had crossed the Tsugaru Straits all the way to Japan, and as a force of “300 mobilized soldiers” that would later be a factor in the Koshamain Rebellion.
　One can only assume that, although they were a defeated force in the Nanbokucho Rebellion, they later took control of the “kelp fishing interests,” a major industrial element in the region, and used their economic power to revive their power.
　Kelp and salmon may have been the main trade products of the Ezo region, but before the Kobayashi clan entered the region, there may not have been a clear presence to organize and act as a trading entity for these products. From the point of view of the “Kitamae trading” entities in the Toyama and Ishikawa areas of northern Japan, it would have been strongly beneficial to the development of trade to have a single trading partner and to make economic efforts that met the needs of Japanese society.
　It seems that the prestige architecture as a center of power appeared on the coastal terrace as a “landmark,” not so much as a warrior family, but as a more economically centralized entity. This is the background of the architecture. However, this is only my imagination based on the drawing data and its description.

【GW初日で静内二十間道路・サクラ満開】

　きのうからGW本番。
　北海道もほとんど初夏という気温に恵まれ、天気も好天ということで、絶好。
　わが家はサクラお花見は、函館・道南とこの日高地方の「静内二十間道路」の２択でして、札幌っこなのに、遠征弾丸を常としてきています。
　情報を確認して「満開」ということで、やや半信半疑ながら現地に行って驚き。
　例年であれば、こちらは５月の中旬ころが「見頃」なので、２週間程度は早い。しかし写真のようにまさに満開でありました。たくさんの人出があって、子どもさん連れのみなさんとも笑顔で交流させていただき、なかにはニッコリかわいらしい笑顔を見せてくれる子どもさんもいて、まことに目も心も生き返るような「癒し」をいただいてきました。感謝感謝。
　往復で300kmを超える「弾丸」ぶりでしたが、日高地方の温泉で約時間ほど湯にも浸かってリフレッシュ。その後、帰札後もあちこちと３軒以上買い物行脚していて、夕方には家族が来たりしていたので、さすがに体力の限界か、という感じ。
　その甲斐あって、夕方７時くらいから、けさ５時まで合計９時間弱の睡眠。
　途中、背中にコリも感じて湿布を貼ってもらい、かつ３回ほど小用はありましたが、ほぼ熟睡することができました。わたし的にはこちらの熟睡ぶりの方がウレシイ。
　もちろん３回程度目が覚めたので、その都度、若干「寝落ち」には数分程度かかるのですが、そういうときに「絶対寝落ちできる」のが数分の読書。Kindleのページで１−２ページでカンタンに寝落ちできるのであります。ほとんど「睡眠薬」としての効能。
　こういった行為と体力の対話状況というのが、加齢と健康のバロメーターなのでしょう。今のところ、このように長時間睡眠を得られるというのは、健康正常なカラダからのフィードバックなのだと感じています。
　ただ、この温泉施設に「忘れ物」をしていたことが判明し、そちらに確認したところ預かっていていただけるということなので、距離は６−７割程度のようですが、ふたたび弾丸ツアー予定（笑）。本日はカミさんにも過重的に運転してもらって、負担を軽減したい。
　体力の方はなんとか加齢による影響を抑えられていると思いますが、こういう「もの忘れ」はアタマのなかの「加齢症状」なのかも知れませんね（泣）。う〜む。


English version⬇

The cherry blossoms are in full bloom on the Shizunai-Nijumen Road on the first day of GW.
Bullet tour of more than 300 km round trip & shopping trip here and there. After that, I checked my stamina by sleeping soundly for about 9 hours. However, a “forgotten thing” incident broke out. .......

GW started yesterday.
　Hokkaido was blessed with almost early summer temperatures and fine weather, perfect for cherry blossom viewing.
　We have two choices for cherry blossom viewing: Hakodate/Donan and the “Shizunai-Nijuma Road” in the Hidaka region.
　I was somewhat skeptical when I went to the site and was surprised to find that the cherry trees were in full bloom.
　Usually, the “best time to see the flowers” here is around the middle of May, which is about two weeks earlier than usual. However, as you can see in the photo, it was exactly in full bloom. There were many people there, and I was able to interact with many people with children with smiles on their faces, and some of the children showed me their cute smiles. I am very grateful to them.
　Although the round trip was more than 300 km, we refreshed ourselves by soaking in hot spring water in the Hidaka region for about an hour. After returning home, I went shopping at least three stores here and there, and had family members over in the evening, so I felt as if I had reached my physical limit.
　Thanks to this, I slept for a total of less than 9 hours from around 7:00 pm until 5:00 am this morning.
　I felt some stiffness in my back, so I had to have a compress put on my back, and I had three small errands, but I was able to get a good night's sleep. I was more pleased with my sound sleep.
　Of course, I woke up three times, so it took me a few minutes to “fall asleep” each time, but I could “definitely fall asleep” after a few minutes of reading. It's almost like a “sleeping pill.
　This kind of interaction between action and physical fitness is probably a barometer of aging and health. At the moment, I feel that the fact that I am able to sleep for such a long time is feedback from a healthy and normal body.
　However, I found out that I had left something behind at the spa facility, and they said they would take care of it for me, so it looks like the distance is about 60-70%, but I am planning to go on a bullet tour again (laughs). Today, I would like to reduce the burden on Kami by having her drive the car in an overweight way.
　I think my physical strength has managed to suppress the effects of aging, but this kind of “forgetfulness” may be a “symptom of aging” in my mind (crying). Hmmm.

【南北朝・室町期の函館「志苔館」コンブ経済】

<img src="https://blogimg.goo.ne.jp/user_image/2a/52/96e7a2853fb1d4cb03a57190b8ef6185.jpg" border="0">
<img src="https://blogimg.goo.ne.jp/user_image/36/cd/03fa44f1a50fd2a571691227146b339e.jpg" border="0">
<img src="https://blogimg.goo.ne.jp/user_image/6c/ca/006d84b9376464a30abaf0d668b8ae41.jpg" border="0">
　きのうなにげに函館市内に残る中世城郭「志苔館」遺跡参観の記事を書いたら、けっこうな反響があって驚いています。建築と関連しての歴史探訪、そこそこ多くのみなさんの関心を惹くのだなぁとあらためて気付かされた次第。「道南十二館」についてもっと書けという叱咤激励もいただきましたが、わたしのライフワークがいま佳境に入りつつあって、その上、また上乗せで北海道島の明治以前に突っ込んでいく体勢はちょっと難しい。
　それなりに記事構成したいと思いますので、ご容赦を。
　あ、ライフワークの方は進展がありましたらまたご案内・報告させていただきます。それと、NHK「デビュー」についても多くの反響をいただき、別件で連絡した方からもいきなり「見たよ」みたいな反応をいただきました（笑）。なんと旧知の建築研究者の方からはNHK北海道のWEB版で別の動画もアップされているとお知らせいただきました。せっかくですのでURLを案内します。
＜函館でのNHK出演。これですね。WEBニュースにも載っていました。
https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20240424/k10014431761000.html　＞
　
　おっと、お知らせなどを書いていたらそれだけでけっこうな字数。
　テーマの「志苔館」遺跡ですが、函館市の発掘調査記録や、民間の篤志のみなさんの「深掘り」記録がどんどん出てきます。どうもこの「志苔館」の館主である小林氏は、南北朝動乱期にこの地に逃れてきた武家一族ということは既報ですが、たぶんその年代は1300年代の末頃。
　で、函館市の発掘調査による居館建築の柱穴痕跡も、年代的に合致するようです。２枚目と３枚目の図版でおわかりのように1300年代末から1400年代後半、約100年間ほどの「建築の痕跡」が解明されている。
　〜出典／函館市HP　https://www.city.hakodate.hokkaido.jp/docs/2018032900043/
＜三木がデータを編集加工しました。＞〜
　明治期まで北海道島の本格的活用、国土化は十分に進展しなかったし、とくに日本人の基盤である農業振興、農地開発、さらには寒冷地適合の品種改良での米作の進展などは行われなかった。そういう意味では本格的な「歴史」とは言い切れないけれど、日本社会・アイヌ社会との「交易」は歴史年代を通じてかなり古く、それこそ阿倍比羅夫の「後方羊蹄〜シリベシ」政庁記録くらいまで遡れる。基本は交易が支えていた。
　で、この南朝方の武家・小林氏はこの地で産する「コンブ」を主要な交易利権として生き延び続けていたことが推測できる。〜南北朝時代末期から室町時代前期の成立とされる『庭訓往来（ていきんおうらい）』には全国の名産品が紹介され、このなかに蝦夷地の宇賀の昆布と夷の鮭が掲載されている。宇賀の昆布は津軽海峡に面した志濃里（志海苔・志苔）およびその周辺で生産された昆布を指すもので、この昆布だけが真昆布といわれた。室町時代には多くの北陸の商船が宇賀昆布の取引のために訪れており、日本海を交易ルートとして若狭国小浜に搬ばれて加工され、若狭昆布として京都・大阪方面に流通している。この蝦夷地の特産品の出荷拠点が志濃里（志苔）であった。志苔館はこれら宇賀昆布の交易の主体と推測可能。
　こういう経済基盤があれば、交易立国は可能だっただろう。武家としてその後の戦乱期にこの館の動員兵力は300人だったとされ、コシャマインの戦いでは総数１万と言われたアイヌ軍に陥落させられている。やはり交易利権だけでは人口増加は難しかったのだろう。
　＜この項、もうちょっと続きます＞


English version⬇

Hakodate “Shikokukan” Kelp Economy in the Nanbokucho and Muromachi Periods
A report on the response to my recent blog postings, and a search for the basis for the establishment of Shikokukan. I dig deeper to find out if it was a “kelp” concession. ...

Yesterday I casually wrote an article about my visit to the ruins of Shikokukan, a medieval castle in Hakodate City, and was surprised by the response I received. I was surprised by the response to my article about visiting the ruins of “Shikokan,” a medieval castle in Hakodate. I received a pep talk from a friend who urged me to write more about “Donan Jyunikan,” but my life's work is now entering its climax, and it is a bit difficult to go into the pre-Meiji period of Hokkaido Island on top of my life's work.
　I will try to compose my articles accordingly, so please forgive me.
　I will keep you posted on the progress of my life's work. Also, I received a lot of feedback about NHK's “Debut,” and even a person I contacted about a different matter suddenly responded, “I saw it” (laughs). One of our old acquaintances, an architecture researcher, informed us that another video was also uploaded on NHK Hokkaido's website. Since I am here, I will show you the URL.
<The NHK appearance in Hakodate. It was also on the web news.
https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20240424/k10014431761000.html　＞

Oops, that's a lot of words to write about.
　As for the “Shikokukan” site, the excavation records of Hakodate City and private volunteers have been coming out. It has been reported that the Kobayashi family, the owners of the Shikokukan, were a family of samurai who fled to this area during the period of upheaval in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, probably around the end of the 1300s.
　As you can see in the second and third illustrations, the “building traces” have been clarified for about 100 years from the late 1300s to the late 1400s.
　〜Source: Hakodate City HP　https://www.city.hakodate.hokkaido.jp/docs/2018032900043/　＜Miki edited and processed the data. >~
　The full-scale utilization and nationalization of Hokkaido Island did not fully develop until the Meiji period (1868-1912), and in particular, the promotion of agriculture, farmland development, and the development of rice cultivation with improved varieties adapted to cold regions, which are the foundation of the Japanese people, did not take place. In this sense, it cannot be said to be a full-fledged “history,” but “trade” between Japanese and Ainu society is quite old throughout history, dating back as far as Abenohirau's “Backward Essentials - Siribeshi” government records. Basically, trade supported them.
　The Kobayashi clan, a warrior family of the Nanbokucho period, had been surviving on the kelp produced in the area as their main trading interest. 〜The “Teikin Ourai,” a book that is said to have been written between the end of the Nanbokucho period and the beginning of the Muromachi period (1336-1573), introduces famous products from all over Japan, and among them are kelp from Uga in the Ezo region and salmon from the barbarian region. Uga kelp refers to kelp produced in and around Shinosato (Shikori or Shiko), which faces the Tsugaru Straits, and only this kelp was considered to be true kelp. During the Muromachi period (1333-1573), many merchant ships from the Hokuriku region came to trade in Uga kelp, which was brought to Obama in Wakasa Province via the Sea of Japan trade route, processed, and distributed as Wakasa kelp in the Kyoto and Osaka areas. Shikori (Shikoke) was the shipping center for this specialty of the Ezo region. It can be assumed that Shikokan was the main trading center for these Uga kelp products.
　With such an economic base, it would have been possible to establish a trading nation. As a warrior family, the Shikokan is said to have mobilized a force of 300 men during the period of warfare that followed, and at the Battle of Koshamain, it was defeated by an Ainu army said to number 10,000 men. It was probably difficult to increase the population with trading interests alone.
　＜This section will continue in a little more detail.

【1400年代南朝武家・小林氏の函館「志苔館」】

　道南の観桜旅ですが、わたしとしては歴史数寄の血がどうしても騒ぐ。北海道人だけれど、道南・函館はいろいろな日本史との交流が確認できる場所が多いのですね。
　以前にも来訪しているけれど、いまは函館市志海苔町にある志苔館を再訪。Wikiの記述では以下の通り。〜志苔館（しのりたて）は、北海道函館市にあった中世城館（日本の城）。小林氏によって築かれたとされる道南十二館のひとつ。国の史跡に指定されている。〜その小林氏とは、
〜出典は道南十二館の謎 p202-203、函館市史通説編第1巻 p335-336、p330-331より。
　初代 - 小林太郎左衛門尉良景 - 先祖は万里小路藤房に仕え、祖父の小林次郎重弘の時に蝦夷島(北海道)に渡った。
二代 - 小林彌太郎良定
三代 - 小林三郎右衛門良治〜
　という一族とされ、松前藩の記録では、1456年にアイヌの蜂起があって攻め落とされた。しかしその後も小林氏が居館として続いたとされるが、1512年にふたたびアイヌ蜂起で陥落し、館主の小林彌太郎良定が討ち死にしたとされる。その後、小林氏は松前藩に従属して志苔館は廃館となった。〜
　北海道に渡って来たのは、南北朝の争乱期で南朝方の勢力であって、青森県地域での戦争の結果として北海道に逃れてきた、というようなのです。
　この訪問のあと、訪れた「石崎地主海神社」での説話談では、神社の創建自体、この小林氏との強い結びつきがあったとされ、事実、そういう社も祀られていた。
　「館」という名称だけれど、規模は東西70-80m、南北50-60m。約4,100㎡の広さがある。中世城館というにふさわしい。立地環境は、函館中心部から東に９km。標高25mほどの海岸段丘南端部に位置。対岸の下北半島を一望することができる。やはり遠望できる地域での争闘に敗れて、再起を目指してこの道南の地に逃れてきた状況を推認させられる。しかし、アイヌの蜂起によって２度までも落城しているので、地形的には決定的な弱点を持っていたことは間違いがない。
　しかしこの規模の居館を維持し続けてきたことを考えれば、一定の勢力を涵養する経済力は維持し続けていたことになる。それがどういった経済構造によるものか、興味をもつ。武士層の南北朝騒乱とは結局、一所懸命の土地、コメ生産手段の獲得が最大の起動力であったことを考えれば、当時は米作の不適地・北海道ではたぶんアイヌとの「交易利権」に依存したに違いない。２度にわたって蜂起にあったということは、相当悪辣な交易を行っていたことが想像できる。
　600年くらい以前の北海道島の状況、そしてそこからの人びとの歩み、興味深い。


English version⬇

Hakodate “Shikokan” of the Kobayashi clan, a warrior family of the Southern Dynasty in the 1400s.
This is a historical site in southern Hokkaido that traces back the “history” of the island. The traces are clearly preserved, including the records and traditions of the Ishizaki Jishukai Shrine, which continue to the present day. The Shikokeikan is located in the southern part of Hokkaido Island.

This is a cherry blossom viewing trip in southern Hokkaido, and as for me, I can't help but get my historical blood boiling. Although I am a Hokkaido native, there are many places in Southern Hokkaido and Hakodate where I can confirm my interactions with various aspects of Japanese history.
　I have been here before, but now I am revisiting Shikokan in Shikonori Town, Hakodate City. 〜Shikoritate was a medieval castle complex (castle in Japan) in Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan. It is one of the Twelve Buildings of Southern Hokkaido, said to have been built by the Kobayashi clan. It is designated as a national historic site. 〜Who is the Kobayashi Clan?
〜Source: Mysteries of the Twelve Buildings of Donan, p. 202-203, Hakodate City History, Vol. 1, p. 335-336, 330-331.
　I - Kobayashi Tarozaemon Yoshikage - Ancestor served under Marikoji Tobo, and went to Ezo Island (Hokkaido) when his grandfather Kobayashi Jiro Shigehiro was born.
2nd generation - Yataro Yoshisada Kobayashi
The third generation - Saburoemon Ryoji Kobayashi
　According to the records of the Matsumae clan, the Kobayashi clan was attacked and defeated by the Ainu uprising in 1456. However, the Kobayashi clan is said to have continued to maintain their residence there until 1512, when it fell to the Ainu uprising once again, and the lord of the estate, Yataro Yoshisada Kobayashi, was killed in action. After that, the Kobayashi clan was subordinated to the Matsumae clan and Shikokan was closed. ~.
　It seems that the people who came to Hokkaido were the forces of the Southern Court during the period of conflict between the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and fled to Hokkaido as a result of the war in the Aomori area.
　According to the story told at the Ishizaki Jishu Kaijinsha Shrine, which I visited after this visit, the shrine itself was founded with strong ties to the Kobayashi clan, and in fact, such a shrine was also enshrined there.
　Although the shrine is called “yakata,” it measures 70-80 m east to west and 50-60 m north to south, and has an area of about 4,100 m2. It is a medieval castle house. The site is located 9 km east of central Hakodate on the southern edge of a coastal terrace about 25 m above sea level. It commands a panoramic view of the Shimokita Peninsula on the opposite shore. It can be inferred that the Ainu people fled to this southern part of Hokkaido in an attempt to regain their independence after losing a battle in the area from which they could see a long distance. However, the castle was destroyed twice by the Ainu uprising, so there is no doubt that it had a decisive weak point in terms of topography.
　However, considering the fact that it has continued to maintain a residence of this size, it must have continued to maintain the economic power to cultivate a certain level of strength. It would be interesting to know what kind of economic structure was responsible for this. The fact that the samurai class was involved in two uprisings suggests that they were engaged in quite vicious trade with the Ainu. The fact that they were involved in two uprisings on two separate occasions suggests that they were engaged in quite vicious trade.
　It is interesting to learn about the situation on Hokkaido Island before about 600 years ago, and the progress of the people from there.