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説明

英訳出版

2020-11-14 06:12:22 | 翻訳
日本の現代文学 英語圏でミニブーム 貧困や格差などリアルな実像に関心

2020.8.22 08:00
米紙ニューヨーク・タイムズには、川上未映子さんの長編小説『夏物語』の英訳版の書評やインタビューが大きく掲載された
米紙ニューヨーク・タイムズには、川上未映子さんの長編小説『夏物語』の英訳版の書評やインタビューが大きく掲載された
その他の写真を見る(1/2枚)
 日本の現代文学の英語圏での存在感がじわりと高まっている。現地時間の26日に発表される英ブッカー国際賞最終候補には小川洋子さん(58)の『密やかな結晶』がノミネート。近年は女性作家らを中心に英訳版の刊行が相次ぎ、日本文学の「ミニブーム」が起きているとの指摘もある。背景を探ると、文芸翻訳をめぐる国内外の環境の変化が見えてきた。(文化部 海老沢類)

米紙が賛辞

 <川上の筆致に一切の感傷はない。とりわけ女性たちの生を描くときは>。4月、米紙ニューヨーク・タイムズにそんな賛辞が並んだ。川上未映子さん(43)の最新作『夏物語』の米国版『Breasts and Eggs』(ユーロッパ・エディションズ刊)についての書評だ。

 『夏物語』は平成20年の芥川賞受賞作「乳と卵」を発展させた長編小説。AID(配偶者の関係にない者同士の人工授精)での出産を考える孤独な女性作家を主人公に、生殖倫理や現代の格差社会の問題を掘り下げる。この世に人間が生まれて生きることの痛みと重さを描く痛切な物語だ。

 海外進出に際し川上さんは米大手文芸エージェントと契約。4月の刊行直後から書評やインタビューが多数掲載された。人気作家の村上春樹さんが寄せた「息をのむほど見事だ」との惹句も話題で、現在20カ国以上での出版準備が進む。川上さんのアシスタントを務める小澤身和子さんは「書評に共通するのは、日本で女性が生きることの困難さや人々の貧困や格差といった日本社会の問題や事柄が初めて書かれたという強い驚きと興奮。現実を描きとる濃密な筆致も称賛されている」と話す。

米出版界の「反省」

 日本人作家ではドイツ在住の多和田葉子さん(60)の『献灯使』が2018年に権威ある全米図書賞の翻訳文学部門を受賞。村田沙耶香さん(41)の芥川賞受賞作『コンビニ人間』が米誌ニューヨーカーが選ぶ同年の「ベストブックス」に入るなど英語圏での躍進が最近目立つ。今年に入っても、平野啓一郎さん(45)の長編『ある男』をはじめ、中堅作家の英訳版が続々刊行されている。

 翻訳小説の出版は時間や費用がかかることもあり、英語圏での文芸書に占める翻訳物の割合は数%に満たないとされてきた。そんな高い壁に「ここ5年くらいで変化の兆しがある」と早稲田大准教授で翻訳家の辛島デイヴィッドさんは指摘する。「英語という単一の言語に閉ざされがちだったことへの“反省”が米の出版関係者に広がっている。女性や人種的マイノリティーの多様な声をすくい上げる翻訳文学の注目度が高まり、日本文学もミニブームといえる状況にある」。全米図書賞が2018年、翻訳文学部門を35年ぶりに復活させたのも翻訳物への関心の高さを裏付ける。

 訳者の変化も大きい。戦後間もなく谷崎潤一郎や川端康成、三島由紀夫らが紹介された際、英訳はドナルド・キーンさんら日本文学研究者が担った。だが村上春樹さんの英訳が進んだ1980年代末以降、大学には属さない専属の翻訳家の活躍が増えた。辛島さんは「日本文学研究者は評価がきちんと定まった作家を訳す傾向にあった。最近は漫画やアニメから日本文化に親しみ、自らの感性に合う同時代の文学を積極的に紹介する訳者も多い。それが英訳作品の多様性にもつながっている」と話す。

脱・ステレオタイプ?!

 日本の女性作家について、英語圏では奇想とユーモアあふれる作風を評価する声が多い。一方で『夏物語』の英訳者の一人、デビッド・ボイドさんはそれらの作品に、「日本のステレオタイプ」を打破する新しさを見る。それは貧困家庭の現実を直視し、2018年の仏カンヌ国際映画祭で最高賞に輝いた是枝裕和監督の「万引き家族」の成功とも重なるという。「欧米人は長く日本を階級のない社会だと見なしてきた。だが是枝監督の映画や川上未映子らの小説は、新たな光のもとで日本社会を見るように読者を誘う。欧米人はそうした作品を快く受けいれると思うのです」

 出版社も海外進出に力を入れる。『コンビニ人間』や横山秀夫さんの『64(ロクヨン)』の英訳版に携わった文芸春秋は昨年、版権輸出を担う部署を総務局から文芸出版局に移し編集部門との連携を強化した。新井宏ライツビジネス部長は「少子高齢化で国内の出版市場が縮小する中、世界のマーケットに進出する重要性は増している」と語る。

 ただ「米の出版界は日本以上に数字にシビア。継続して出版するのは容易ではない」(辛島さん)のも事実。今後は一過性のブームに終わらせない緻密な戦略が求められそうだ。

英語圏

2020-11-13 21:41:49 | 時事
Five Best Japanese Novels of 2018
Metropolis lists this year’s best Japanese fiction

OCT 11, 2018
BY
JESSICA ESA
The past few years have seen an explosion of Japanese novels being translated into English. This year has been no exception, with some of the best award-winning contemporary fiction coming out of Japan. Here are this year’s highlights — the fiction you really don’t want to miss.

The Travelling Cat Chronicles (Hiro Arikawa – tr. Philip Gabriel Jan 2018)

Japanese literature is no stranger to books about cats, but this is truly a worthy addition to what’s fast becoming a genre in itself. Our narrator in The Travelling Cat Chronicles is a simple, grounded male cat named Nana who is taken off the streets of Tokyo by his new owner Satoru.

After five happy years, Satoru takes Nana on a road trip to visit his old friends and to see the transformative landscape of today’s Japan. We soon realise that for whatever reason, Satoru will no longer be able to look after Nana.

What makes this novel so delightful is experiencing Nana and Satoru’s journey together — throughout which we read stories about Satoru and the many people who have colored his life. What starts as a simple tale takes us on an emotional journey that will move the hardiest of readers.

The Last Children of Tokyo (Yoko Tawada – tr. Margaret Mitsutani June 2018)

We catch a glimpse into a near dystopian future with Yoko Tawada’s high-concept and highly satirical new novel: The Last Children of Tokyo. Here we meet Yoshiro, a retired author. He has passed his hundredth birthday but his world is one where children no longer make it to adulthood and the population is in jeopardy. Yoshiro’s great-grandson Mumei is born, like every member of his generation, with grey hair and a low life expectancy.

With this novel we face a Japan where the cities have mostly been abandoned; ties with the rest of the world have been severed; other languages are no longer taught or spoken; and real animals are scarce. Tawada explores our current political climate with finesse and pulls out some of the very real fears that are plaguing not just Japan, but the world at large.

Convenience Store Woman (Sayaka Murata – tr. Ginny Tapley Takemori July 2018)

Keiko Furukura is thirty-six and has worked part-time in the same convenience store for eighteen years. Having felt like an outcast all her life, she finds normality and a sense of purpose in her work. She is entirely content and has never asked for anything more. However, she faces constant societal pressure from her sister and friends — pressure to get a better job, to get a boyfriend, to go out more.

She meets Shiraha, an angry young man who is unhappy with society and his lot in life; he serves as an anti-hero to Keiko and their interactions are nothing short of uncomfortable and, at times, hilarious.

Convenience Store Woman serves as a critique of the way single women are treated in Japan and how we view the worth of a job, but above all it’s a love letter from Keiko to the stores we’re all so familiar with.

Killing Commendatore (Haruki Murakami – tr. Philip Gabriel & Ted Goossen October 2018)

A new Murakami book always comes with its own level of hype, but this new novel does not disappoint and will easily satisfy fans of Murakami’s previous novels, containing (as it does) all the tropes that he has become synonymous with over the years.

The story revolves around an unnamed portrait painter who has been abandoned by his wife and has chosen to become the caretaker of the home of Tomohiko Amada, a once-famous painter in his own right.

The book’s title and the surreal events that ensue are kick-started when our protagonist discovers a painting in the attic named “Killing Commendatore”, inspired by the opera Don Giovanni. With a slew of enigmatic characters, a preoccupation with art and the creative process — and in many ways an homage to a book that Murakami famously adores — The Great Gatsby, this is a hefty and surreal novel not to be missed.

Lonesome Bodybuilder (Yukiko Motoya – tr. Asa Yoneda November 2018)

Perfect for fans of absurd, dark humor, these eleven short stories are the long-awaited English language debut of one of Japan’s favorite young writers.

Kafkaesque in their tone, each story takes an aspect of mundane Japanese life and turns it on its head. A stale marriage heading towards its twilight years becomes a wife’s secret bodybuilding training while her husband stays oblivious; a normal day in a clothes shop turns into a 24-hour nightmare for the attendant as she tries to find clothes for a customer who won’t leave the changing room.

In Japanese contemporary fiction, we’re often given a slice of life and that life is explored to its fullest. Motoya has managed to achieve that same feat within a few pages and then turn it on its head in the most ridiculous manner. Masterful.

英語圏

2020-11-13 21:40:31 | 時事
Five (Translated) Japanese Novels to Read in 2020
And almost all of them are written by women

JAN 8, 2020
BY
JESSICA ESA
Last year was a fairly good year for Japanese literature in translation, with breakout books by beloved mystery writer Seishi Yokomizo (“The Honjin Murders”) and newer authors like Hiroko Oyamada (“The Factory”), in addition to translations of appraised authors Yoko Ogawa and Hiromi Kawakami. In 2020, however, we’re promised an even better year, with more books by Oyamada and Yokomizo on the way, as well as a brand new novel from award-winning “Convenience Store Woman” author, Sayaka Murata. Out of several anticipated reads in the works, we’ve narrowed down our list to five exciting Japanese books in translation, most of which are written by women, to watch out for this year.



Breasts and Eggs

by Mieko Kawakami (translated by Sam Bett and David Boyd)

Mieko Kawakami is a musician, blogger and highly successful writer in Japan whose only English-translated work thus far is 2017’s “Ms Ice Sandwich.” Coming out this spring is her 2008 novella “Breasts and Eggs,” which details a three-day reunion between a 30-year-old unmarried narrator, her sister Makiko and Makiko’s daughter, Midoriko. Kawakami focuses in on each woman’s respective struggles with identity and the female body, tackling big themes with humor and offering a cold, hard look at the many pressures facing women in Japan. The translated version expands on the original with a second chapter based 10 years later, at which point the narrator is considering artificial insemination. “Breasts and Eggs” opens a discussion on reproductive rights within Japan, and the social struggles associated with one woman making her choice.

Published by Picador Books in May 2020.



Where the Wild Ladies Are

by Aoko Matsuda (translated by Polly Barton)

Feminist retellings of classic tales are always fun and rapidly growing in popularity around the world. In 2020, taking a collection of traditional Japanese ghost stories and crafting them into often humorous yet painfully relevant tales is a move of pure genius by Aoko Matsuda. Taking place in a contemporary setting, with a decidedly feminist bend, “Where the Wild Ladies Are” takes classic Japanese ghost stories — which make up some of the best in the world — and rewrite them to make them relevant to the current gender climate of modern-day Japan. Witty, biting, and poignant, Matsuda’s collection is a pleasantly haunting surprise.

Published by Tilted Axis Press in February 2020.



The Inugami Curse

by Seishi Yokomizo (Translated by Yumiko Yamakazi)

This past December, Pushkin Press published an English translation of the very first book in Seishi Yokomizo’s legendary detective series, “The Honjin Murders.” Just three months later, the London-based publishing house is bringing us another classic. Introduced in “The Honjin Murders” was Yokomizo’s own Poirot, the young and eclectic Detective Kosuke Kindaichi. In “The Inugami Curse” — one of Yokomizo’s best-loved detective tales — Kindaichi must solve a slowly growing string of gruesome murders all connected to the mighty Inugami Clan, and uncover the deeply hidden secrets of the clan along the way.

Published by Pushkin Press in February 2020.



Earthlings

by Sayaka Murata (translated by Ginny Tapley Takemori)

“Convenience Store Woman” was an enormous and earth-shattering commercial success in 2018, thanks to the story of protagonist Kiko being strangely relatable to many across the English-speaking world. After stirring the hearts and minds of readers with her raw tale of being a cog in Japan’s modern capitalist machine, literary superstar Sayaka Murata returns in 2020 with “Earthlings.” Murata’s newest novel traces the imaginative childhoods of Natsuki and Yuu, both of whom are convinced that they are either witches or aliens. The story then jumps ahead to Natsuki’s adult life as a married woman and her eventual return home to the Nagano mountains to reunite with her dear cousin. While a seemingly benign tale at first glance, the Akutagawa Prize-winner laces her tale with much deeper, darker and prevalent themes of emotional abuse and mental illness.

Published by Granta in October 2020.



There’s No Such Thing As an Easy Job

by Kikuko Tsumura (Translated by Polly Barton)

“There’s No Such Thing As an Easy Job” is Osaka-born author Kikuko Tsumura’s first work to be translated into English. Tsumura has won numerous awards, including the prestigious Akutagawa Prize for her 2009 novella “The Lime Pothos Boat.” The title of her upcoming translation speaks for itself. A perfect blend of black humor and criticism of the modern workplace, “There’s No Such Thing As an Easy Job” opens with a young woman looking for a mundane job close to home. What ensues is a string of unspectacular occupations involving video footage, advertising and rice crackers. All of these jobs come with hilarious shortcomings as far as employment goes and ultimately leave her unsatisfied. Tsumura’s protagonist soon discovers that she’s actually looking for something much more meaningful in life.

Published by Bloomsbury in late 2020.
2020Akutagawa Prizebest novelsFeaturedforeign booksjapanese literatureliteraturesayaka murataseishi yokomizotranslation

国際機関

2020-11-13 10:39:26 | 翻訳
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Childfree

2020-11-12 18:14:53 | 価値観
Théophile de Giraud
Still from "Militantisme et diffusion des idées de décroissances (conférence)".png
Born 19 November 1968 (age 51)
Namur, Belgium[1]
Nationality Belgian
Known for Antinatalism, childfree and political activism
Awards Belgian Vocation Foundation (1998)
Childfree Man of the Year (2013)
Website theophiledegiraud.e-monsite.com
Théophile de Giraud (born 19 November 1968)[1] is a Belgian writer, philosopher and activist of French language.


Contents
1 Literary work
2 Activism
3 Awards
4 Selected works
5 See also
6 References
7 External links
Literary work[edit]
Published in 2000, De Giraud's first book, The Impertinence of Procreation, is a plea against human reproduction, using a mixture of humor and provocation.[2] Noted for his many eccentricities,[3] De Giraud was listed in the anthology Les Fous Littéraires by the pataphysician André Blavier.[4]

De Giraud's essay The Art of Guillotining the Procreators: Anti-Natalist Manifesto, published in 2006, is a rewrite of his first work.[5] The central message of the work is "If you love children, don't create them".[6] After having tried to show that life is only pain[7] and that ethics is incompatible with reproduction,[8][9] De Giraud argued for school training for parenthood, adoption and a procreation strike to end the reproduction imposed by patriarchy.[7][8] He cited many classical authors to illustrate his points.[10]

In a different register, De Giraud described as a "dandy punk in rupture",[11] published in 2008, a poetic essay on the cold wave entitled "Cold Love, Satanic Sex and Funny Suicide", with a preface written by Jean-Luc De Meyer, singer of Front 242.[12] Through numerous extracts of songs, he reviews several themes of the cold wave movement and the origin of Gothic movement, such as the love of sex and death, the hatred of the family and even the celebration of the end of the world and the human race;[12] all with a humorous and inventive style.[13]

De Giraud also contributed to the collective book Fewer, More Happy: The Urgency to Rethink Demography, collated by Michel Sourrouille.[14]

Activism[edit]
A figure of the antinatalism and childfree movement,[15] De Giraud is one of the co-creators of Non-Parents Day, celebrated between 2009 and 2011, alternately in Brussels and Paris.[16] In 2008, he covered a statue of Leopold II in Brussels with red paint, to denounce the public valorisation of the king who established the colonial system of the Belgian Congo.[17] In 2012, he organised a "denatalist" event in Paris to bring attention to the overpopulation taboo and to the value of refusing to give birth for ecological reasons.[18][19]

Awards[edit]
Winner of the Belgian Vocation Foundation (1998)[2]
Childfree Man of the Year (2013)[20]
Selected works[edit]
The Impertinence of Procreation, Brussels, self-published, 2000.
One Hundred Necromantic Haikus, preface by Jean-Pierre Verheggen, foreword and afterword by André Stas, Spa, ed. Galopin, 2004 (ISBN 9782916086071).
The Art of Guillotining Procreators: An Anti-natalist Manifesto, Nancy, ed. The-Dead-Who-Trunk, 2006 (ISBN 978-2916502007).
Diogenesis, Fluorescent Poems to Wait Between Two Genocides, Brussels, ed. Maelström, 2008 (ISBN 978-2-9303-5587-0).
Cold Love, Satanic Sex and Funny Suicide, preface by Jean-Luc De Meyer, Nancy, ed. The-Dead-Who-Trunk, 2008 (ISBN 9782916502076).
Aphorisms for the Use of Future Familicides, preface by Corinne Maier, foreword by Serge Poliart, Brussels, ed. Maelström, 2013 (ISBN 2-9165-0200-9).
See also[edit]
Voluntary Human Extinction Movement
References[edit]
^ Jump up to: a b Noualhat, Laure (2010-08-06). "Trop mioche, la vie". Libération.fr (in French). Retrieved 2018-05-17.
^ Jump up to: a b "En bref". La Libre.be (in French). 2004-01-23. Retrieved 2018-05-17.
^ "De l'impertinence de procréer – Théophile de Giraud". Le Carnet et les Instants (in French). November 2000 – January 2001.
^ Blavier, André (2000). Les Fous Littéraires (in French). Paris: Editions des Cendres. pp. 924–925. ISBN 9782867420948.
^ Watelet, Vincent (September–October 2006). "L'Art de guillotiner les procréateurs". Indications (in French).
^ Detaille, Stéphane (2008-09-11). "Théophile de Giraud - Le Soir". Le Soir (in French). Retrieved 2018-05-17.
^ Jump up to: a b Allard, Eric (June 2006). "Le Dernier Tabou". Remue-Méninges (in French).
^ Jump up to: a b Akerma, Karim (2013-09-27). "Théophile de Giraud: L'art de guillotiner les procréateurs". Tabula Rasa (in German). Retrieved 2018-05-17.
^ Tremblay, Francois (2014-10-01). "Review of L'Art de Guillotiner Les Procreateurs by Theophile de Giraud". The Prime Directive. Retrieved 2018-05-20.
^ Giraud, Daniel (April 2010). "L'Art de guillotiner les procréateurs, Théophile de Giraud". Pages Insulaires (in French).
^ Chenot, Francis (Spring 2009). "Théophile de Giraud – Diogenèses". L’Arbre à paroles. Amay.
^ Jump up to: a b Maltaverne, Patrice (Autumn 2008). "De Giraud: Autre forme de manifeste". Le Mensuel Littéraire et Poétique (in French).
^ de Giraud, Théophile (January 2009). "Cold Love, Satanic Sex and Funny Suicide". PPPZine (Punk Post-Punk Magazine) (in French).
^ "La surpopulation, trop peu de monde en parle. Rencontre avec Théophile de Giraud". Causes Toujours (in French). 2014-09-19. Archived from the original on 2018-07-06. Retrieved 2018-05-17.
^ "Noi, mai padri". la Repubblica.it (in Italian). 2012-11-29. Retrieved 2018-05-17.
^ Chafwehé, François (2009-04-18). "Le 16 mai, jour de la fête des… non-parents?". La Capitale (in French).
^ "Congo: Histoire blanche, voix noires, zones grises" (PDF). Télé-Moustique (in French). 2008-11-12. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
^ Saylor, Audrey (2012-05-25). ""Ils veulent tuer tout le monde": feu sur Nokidland". L'Obs (in French). Retrieved 2018-05-17.
^ "Happening au Sacré-Coeur!". France Inter (in French). 2012-05-24. Retrieved 2018-05-17.
^ Carroll, Laura (2013-08-01). "Happy International Childfree Day! Announcing 2013 Childfree Woman and Man of the Year". Huffington Post. Retrieved 2018-05-17.
External links[edit]
Official website
Antinatalist speech given by Théophile de Giraud during the General Assembly in Berlin (2017)
Authority control Edit this at Wikidata
BNF: cb14484140j (data) ISNI: 0000 0000 0100 8996 SUDOC: 128175249 VIAF: 49450701 WorldCat Identities: viaf-49450701
Categories: 1968 birthsLiving people21st-century Belgian writers21st-century Belgian philosophersAnti-natalistsBelgian activistsBelgian writers in FrenchPeople from Namur (city)