三木奎吾の住宅探訪記

北海道の住宅メディア人が住まいの過去・現在・未来を探索します。

【町家「鹿沼家」と幕府の税制 大和歴史証言-24】

2022-07-21 06:12:44 | 日記



奈良盆地の古民家探訪、今回は盆地の南西部・大和高田市の町家。
大和高田市は古来から東西に「横大路」(初瀬街道)と南北には
「下街道」という主要路が交差した要所で近世までは
宿場町・商業の町として発達したとされる。
鹿沼家は、横大路の北側に居を構え代々米屋を営んでいたと伝えられている。
建築年代は現存する「請取普請状」により文化9年(1812年)と判断される。
この主屋の表側の庇部分には格子を飾り二階の両端には袖壁を付け、
中央部に出格子を飾るところなどは町屋特有の姿をよく表しており、
県内では最も古い例に挙げることができるとされる。
ちなみに現代の同市の町家の様子が以下の写真がWEBで紹介されていた。

江戸時代・日本社会では商業取引自体への課税について
経済管理思想のしっかりした方針は明瞭には見えない。
われわれ現代人はそれなりに論理的な課税施策に慣れているけれど、
江戸期の徳川幕府体制では個別の商取引に対する課税は難しかった。
特定の仕事に課税される運上・冥加また臨時の事業や財政の穴埋めのために
賦課される上納金もあったが、江戸時代の課税の中心はいわゆる「年貢」。
商家には建築間口に対して固定資産税課税するくらいが基本だった。
武家権力とは「一所懸命」が基本思想であってひたすら「土地の権利」が
最上位価値とされて社会運営してきた。
田沼意次などの活躍で商業活力を基盤にした政権運営の萌芽があったけれど、
かれの失脚とともに「賄賂政治」というヒステリー弾劾が
政権内部で叫ばれていってかれは失権しその萌芽は窒息させられた。
個人的にはこの田沼意次への攻撃が、非論理的な他者非難を日本人の特性として
最初に刷り込んだ事態だったのではと思っています。
田沼さんは勃興する経済活力をどうやって政権運営に取り込んだらいいか、
言い換えれば経済を論理的に解明して幕府財政を抜本的に改革しようとした。
織田信長以来の開明的「楽市楽座」思想が税制の基本・財政骨格にならなかった。
田沼政治をひたすら「倫理的に」批判して清廉潔白であることが
目的化していった流れというのは、現代のいまに至るも
政治批判・他者非難ヒステリー現象に息づいているのではないか。
現代最新の動きでは、国家財政破綻して大統領が国外逃亡したスリランカでは
SDGs思想の「理念」優先で大統領が化学肥料禁止の農業「改革」をした結果
生産がほぼ半分程度まで一気に減少して財政破綻に立ち至ったのだとされる。
きれいごとで飢えさせられる民と、現代の「理念」では賞賛された逃亡権力者。
理念優先・経済音痴の不都合な真実、民にとってはバカ殿以外の何物でもない。

おっと、まったく論旨がズレまくり(笑)。
しかし一方で日本の町家建築には汲めども尽きない「合理主義」思想が
そこに見いだせると思っています。という建築解析はあした以降に。


English version⬇

The Kanuma Family of Town Houses and the Shogunate's Tax System Yamato Historical Testimony-24
Sri Lanka's national financial collapse due to prioritizing SDGs ideals. The collapse of the Edo Shogunate due to its economic incompetence. Criticism of others prioritizing ethics and a living economy. ...

In this installment of "Exploring Old Houses in the Nara Basin," we will visit a townhouse in Yamatotakada City, located in the southwestern part of the basin.
Since ancient times, Yamatotakada City has been at the crossroads of two major roads, Yoko-oji (Hatsuse-kaido) from east to west and Shimo-kaido from north to south.
The city of Yamatotakada has been an important place where two main roads, Yoko-oji (Hatsuse-kaido) from east to west and Shimo-kaido from north to south, crossed.
The Kanuma family lived on Yoko-oji Street, which was a major thoroughfare in Yamatotakada City.
The Kanuma family is said to have lived on the north side of Yoko Oji and operated a rice store for generations.
According to an extant "letter of undertaking and fukinsho", the building was constructed in the 9th year of Bunka era (1812).
The front eaves of the main building are decorated with latticework, and the two ends of the second floor are decorated with sleeve walls.
The latticework on the front eaves and the latticework in the center of the second floor are typical of machiya houses.
It is said to be one of the oldest examples of machiya in the prefecture.
The following photos of modern machiya houses in the city were introduced on the Web.

In the Edo period and Japanese society, taxation of commercial transactions itself
In the Edo period (1603-1867) and Japanese society, a firm policy of economic management thought regarding taxation of commercial transactions itself is not clearly evident.
Although we moderns are accustomed to a reasonably logical taxation policy, it was difficult to tax individual commercial transactions under the Tokugawa Shogunate in the Edo period.
However, under the Tokugawa shogunate in the Edo period, it was difficult to tax individual commercial transactions.
The Tokugawa Shogunate system in the Edo period had difficulty in taxing individual business transactions.
There were also taxes levied on specific jobs, such as luck and money orders, as well as on temporary businesses and to make up for financial losses.
The main source of taxation in the Edo period was the so-called "annual tribute." For merchant families, property taxation was levied on the floor space of their buildings.
The basic idea of samurai power was to "work hard," and "land rights" were the highest value in society.
The samurai power was based on the idea of "working hard," and the "right to the land" was the highest value.
The government was based on the commercial vitality of the people, but with the downfall of Tanuma Iiji, "bribery" became the norm.
But with his downfall, the hysterical impeachment of "bribery politics
The budding of the administration was choked off when Tanuma lost his power.
Personally, I believe that this attack on Iniji Tanuma was the first time that the illogical condemnation of others was imprinted as a characteristic of the Japanese people.
I personally believe that this attack on Iniji Tanuma was the first situation that imprinted the illogical blaming of others as a Japanese characteristic.
Mr. Tanuma was trying to figure out how to incorporate the emerging economic vitality into his administration.
In other words, he tried to fundamentally reform the finances of the shogunate by logically elucidating the economy.
The open-minded "rakuichi rakuza" philosophy, which had existed since Oda Nobunaga, did not become the basis of the taxation system or the fiscal framework.
The objective was to be clean and honest by criticizing Tanuma's politics "ethically".
The trend of making Tanuma's politics "ethically" critical and purity the objective is a trend that continues to the present day.
This trend, which is still alive today, may be seen in the phenomenon of political criticism and hysteria of blaming others.
In Sri Lanka, where the president fled the country after the national financial collapse
The president's agricultural "reform" banning chemical fertilizers in favor of the "ideology" of the SDGs has resulted in a dramatic decline in production by almost half.
As a result, production dropped to almost half of what it had been before, leading to the financial collapse.
A people starved by a clean slate, and a fugitive powerhouse lauded by the modern SDG philosophy.
The people are nothing but a bunch of fools to the people, including the administration of a clean and economically illiterate government.

Oops, I'm totally off-topic (laughs).
But on the other hand, I believe that there is a never-ending "rationalist" philosophy to be found in Japanese machiya architecture.
I believe that the "rationalist" philosophy that is endless in Japanese machiya architecture can be found in it. I will leave the architectural analysis for tomorrow.

【多武峰ふもとの農家「萩原家」 大和歴史証言-23】

2022-07-20 05:30:33 | 日記


きのう地図を表記したのですが、奈良県桜井市下という地域は
多武峰山頂まで5km弱で、飛鳥京からも5-6kmほどの近接ぶり。
下村は宿場で栄えた桜井から南方へ約2km離れ多武峰に向かう街道に沿った村。
萩原家は村北部にあって西丘陵の中腹に屋敷を構え、
主屋は奈良盆地を望むところに南向きに建てられていた。
写真は内観の様子ですが、とくに入口を入って右側には広大な土間空間。
間口6間の半分が土間という間取り配置。
農作業関連の空間がその半分を占める「家内制手工業」住宅と言える。
奈良県の古民家群ではカマド、おくどさんが実に統一的。
この家でも多数の調理火力穴が備えられ多量の調理が可能なしつらい。
そしてそのデザインも共通性が高い。
見学した4軒の住宅すべてでこのような調理家具デザイン。
わたしの全国古民家見学でもこういうケースは稀。
ひょっとして復元に当たって間違いがあったのではとつい疑ってしまう。
この萩原家も300年くらいの建築年経過だそうですが、
この土間空間を見ていると、味噌とかの加工までも行っていた
食品加工の家内制手工業の実相を想起させられます。
窓辺に流しも装置されているし、非常に合理的な空間配置。
江戸時代の農家というのは基本的には基本価値生産拠点。
農本主義という基本原則に従って社会の最大価値を創造してきた。
こういった農家の基本機能は最高の社会資産だったのでしょう。
土間境を土壁で塞ぐところなど、古式をよく表しているとされる。
この主屋は、間口6間奥行き4間入母屋造の茅葺きで正面側を葺きおろし、
背面には庇を付け、本瓦で葺いています。一方内部の右手は土間とし、
正面隅に「ツシ二階」付きの馬屋を設けており裏側が釜屋という説明。
写真の土間空間は「釜屋」ということになるようです。
左手の居室は整形四間取りで、上手室の表裏境には仏壇・床・物入れを備える。
また「なんど」出入口に帳台構えはありませんが、敷居が床面より高く、
その名残を留めているところなどは民家の発展形式をよく表しているという。


纏向・飛鳥・藤原京と王権の中枢地域であった奈良盆地が
その後、京都に首府が移動していった後、
このような活発な農業地帯となっていった状況がまざまざとわかる。
いまも京阪神地域のなかで農の雰囲気を色濃く残しているのですが、
まさに地域の主旋律を奏でている住宅だと思います。


English version⬇

The Hagiwara Family, Farmers at the Foot of Tounomine Peak, Yamato Historical Testimony-23
The Nara Basin, where the main melody of regionalism was transformed from the center of royal power to an agricultural area. I feel as if I am seeing the core of Japan's pacifism. ...

As I indicated on the map yesterday, the area of Shimo, Sakurai City, Nara Prefecture, is less than 5 km from the summit of Mt.
It is less than 5 km from the summit of Mount Tamu Peak and about 5-6 km from Asuka-kyo.
Shimo village is about 2 km south of Sakurai, which flourished as an inn, along the road to Tounomine Peak.
The Hagiwara family built a house in the northern part of the village, halfway up the western hillside.
The main house was built facing south with a view of the Nara Basin.
The photo shows the interior of the house, especially the vast earthen floor space on the right side of the entrance.
Half of the 6-ken frontage is an earthen floor.
It can be said to be a "domestic handicraft" house, with half of the space occupied by space related to agricultural work.
In the old houses in Nara Prefecture, kamado and okudo-san are very common.
In this house, too, there are many holes for cooking heat, which makes it hard to cook a large amount of food.
The design of the houses also has a lot in common.
All four houses we visited had this kind of cooking furniture design.
This kind of case is rare in my visits to old private houses throughout Japan.
I suspect that there may have been a mistake in the restoration process.
This Hagiwara house is said to be about 300 years old.
Looking at this earthen floor space, one can imagine that the Hagiwara family was a cottage industry that even processed miso and other foodstuffs.
This earthen floor space reminds me of the reality of the food processing industry, where even miso and other food products were processed.
The sink is installed by the window, and the spatial arrangement is very rational.
In the Edo period, a farmhouse was basically a basic value production center.
They created the maximum value for society in accordance with the basic principle of "nouhon shugi" (the principle of agriculture).
These basic functions of the farmhouse were probably the best social assets.
It is said to be a good example of the ancient style, such as the earthen walls that seal the earthen floor boundary.
This main building has a thatched roof with a frontage of 6 ken (frontage: 6 ken, depth: 4 ken) and a gabled roof with a thatched roof on the front side.
The rear side has an eave and is thatched with hon-gawara tiles. The right side of the interior has an earthen floor.
The right side of the interior is a dirt floor, and a stable with a "tusi-ni-story" is located in the front corner, with a kamaya on the back side.
The earthen floor space in the photo seems to be the "kamaya.
The room on the left has a four-room layout, with an altar, floor, and storage space on the front and back borders of the upper room.
Although there is no ledger stand at the entrance to the "Nando", the threshold is higher than the floor level.
The "Nondo" doorway does not have a ledger board, but the threshold is higher than the floor level, a remnant of the style of minka development.

The Nara Basin, which had been the central region of the Makimuku, Asuka, and Fujiwara-kyo Dynasties, was the center of the royal government.
After the capital was moved to Kyoto, it became an active agricultural area.
The Nara Basin became an active agricultural area after the capital was moved to Kyoto.
Even today, the Kyoto-Osaka-Kobe area retains a strong agricultural atmosphere.
I believe that these houses are truly the main melody of the region.

【奈良盆地東南、多武峰への高台農家 大和歴史証言-23】

2022-07-19 05:53:12 | 日記



奈良県の人口は132.2万(2020年)、うち奈良市は36万人ほど。
奈良市は県の最北部で淀川方面に向かって開いて行く地域。
そして県の北西側平野部・奈良盆地にほとんどの人口が集積している。
それ以外は紀州に向かって山岳地帯が県の大部分を占めている。
歴史過程で人口が増加していって国家と首都機能が大きくなっていくとともに
やがて京都に首都機能移転していったのには蓋然性があるのでしょう。
いまの奈良県には「国のまほろば」という雰囲気が漂う。

多武峰と書いて「とうのみね」と読むのだけれど、
一種独特の語感と、麻呂麻呂しい歴史感が伝わってくる山の名。
たくさんの山の峰が連なっている、というような意味合いかと思えるが、
調べてみると以下のような地名由来。
〜奈良県桜井市南西の山。藤原鎌足が中大兄皇子と蘇我氏討伐を談合した所で、
のち鎌足の子定慧が父の遺骸を山上に移し妙楽寺を建てた。
明治維新に際して談山神社となり今に至る。「関西の日光」とも。
(藤原高光が妻子を捨て多武峰に草庵を結んだ『多武峰少将物語』平安後期)〜
こういった深い山中で秘密に乙巳の変での蘇我氏への蜂起は策謀された。
そのことが藤原氏の興隆につながって家祖を弔う聖地とさせた。
盆地から山並みが連なる多武峰への入口にこの「旧萩原家」は位置していた。
農家住宅ではあるが長く地域有力土豪のような存在か。
江戸期には「組頭」を永年務めていたということ。
写真はGoogleで住所入力したら表示される画像でした。
そのなかで「高台の農家」を感じるアングルを選んでみた次第。
いまは大和郡山市に移築保存された住宅だけれど、
ながく建ち続けていた周辺環境を追体験するにはふさわしい画像ではないか。

上の写真が「内観」の一枚。
よく農家について江戸期には「虐げられた存在」のような歴史感がある。
武家が最上位階級でそれ以外は卑賤な存在というような史観。
しかし探訪を重ねてくると、武家住宅などは「食わねど高楊枝」であり、
農家住宅の実質経済支配層ぶりの方が強く感じられる。
江戸幕府体制とは、ひたすら農業生産経済依存のものであり、
武家が無能な経済政策を取れば即座に強訴するパワーを感じる。
この萩原家は上農階層ではあるだろうけれど、家具類の必要の少ない時代、
このような広大な「広間」を持っていることに驚く。
むしろ地域経済の主体としての矜持を感じさせてくれる。
農とはそもそも自給自足可能な生き方であり
むしろ社会体制の基盤として自信に満ちているように感じるたたずまい。


English version⬇

High-altitude farmhouse in the southeast of the Nara Basin to Touno-mine, Yamato Historical Testimony-23
The dignified lifestyle of the foundational members of agricultural society. The Japanese agricultural social system that was created from the Nara Basin. ・・・・・.

The population of Nara Prefecture is 1,322,000 (2020), of which Nara City has about 360,000.
Nara City is the northernmost part of the prefecture, an area that opens up toward the Yodo River.
Most of the population is concentrated in the Nara Basin, the northwestern plains of the prefecture.
The rest of the prefecture is mountainous and mostly located toward Kishu.
Over the course of history, as the population grew, the nation and its capital grew larger and larger.
There is a probability that the capital functions were eventually relocated to Kyoto.
Nara Prefecture today has the atmosphere of a "national mahoroba".

The word "Touno-mine" is written as "Touno-mine.
The name of the mountain conveys a kind of unique feeling of the word and a sense of history.
The name may mean "a chain of many peaks.
However, when I looked up the name, I found the following information about the origin of the place name.
〜A mountain located southwest of Sakurai City, Nara Prefecture. It was the place where Kamatari Fujiwara and Prince Nakataio discussed the defeat of the Soga clan.
Later, Kamatosoku's son Sadatoshi moved his father's remains to the top of the mountain and built Myorakuji Temple (and later, a branch temple of Eizan Mudoji Temple).
At the time of the Meiji Restoration, the temple was renamed Danzan Shrine, and has remained so to this day. It is also called "Nikko of Kansai.
(The story of Takamitsu Fujiwara, who abandoned his wife and children and built a hermitage in Touno-mine, is told in the late Heian period.
It is clear that the uprising against the Soga clan in the Otomi Incident was plotted in secret deep in the mountains like this.
This led to the rise of the Fujiwara clan, which made the area a sacred place to mourn their ancestors.
The "Old Hagiwara House" was located at the entrance to Tabu Peak, a mountain range stretching from the basin.
Although it is a farmhouse, it has long been a prominent local landowner.
In the Edo period, the family served as "Kumigashira" for many years.
The photo was an image that appeared when I entered the address on Google.
I chose the angle that gives the impression of a "farmhouse on high ground.
The house has been moved to Yamatokoriyama City and preserved.
I think it is a suitable image to relive the surrounding environment where the house has been standing for a long time.

The photo above is one of the "inside view".
There is often a sense of history about farmers as if they were "oppressed beings" during the Edo period.
The samurai family was the highest class, and all others were considered lowly.
However, as we continue to explore the history of farm houses, we find that samurai residences were the "high branches of the family" and that the farmers were the real economic rulers.
The farmer's house is more like a real economic ruling class.
The Edo shogunate system was based solely on an agricultural production economy.
The Edo shogunate system was based solely on agricultural production and economy, and if a samurai family made an incompetent economic policy, the power to sue them would be felt immediately.
The Hagiwara family may have been upper class farmers, but in an era when there was little need for furniture, the Hagiwara family was not able to afford to buy furniture.
I am surprised that the Hagiwara family has such a vast "hall" at a time when there was little need for furniture.
In fact, it gives us a sense of their pride in being the mainstay of the local economy.
Farming is a way of life that allows for self-sufficiency.
The appearance of the house is rather confident as the foundation of a social system.

【楠木正成の末裔「旧赤土家離座敷」 大和歴史証言-22】

2022-07-18 06:27:00 | 日記



奈良県、奈良盆地には日本という国・社会の歴史が凝集している。
一般的な農家住宅であってもごくさりげなく歴史が紡がれている。
もと奈良盆地の西部・大阪に近い香芝市狐井に建っていた農家住宅、
赤土家(しゃくどけ)にあった離れ座敷。
当家は系図によると楠木氏を祖とする農家で庄屋を務めたと伝わっている。
楠木家は正成の時代、南北朝の動乱期に活躍したが、その本拠地は千早赤阪村で
大阪府南河内地域に位置し南河内郡に属する。府唯一の村で人口が最も少ない。
楠木正成出身地で知られ役行者修行の地・金剛山や棚田など自然に囲まれた村。
1333年に千早城の戦いで日本史のど真ん中で活躍した楠木家。
それがこの建物の建築年代1700年代初期、3-400年の時間を経て
このように家系として存続し続けてきたことがわかる。
楠木家から赤土家に姓を変更してきたのには
どういった経緯があったか、ひもとけば分かる部分もあるだろうけれど
楠木正成さんの華々しい活躍譚以上に、家系が生き延び続けてきたことに
それも農家として生き続けてきたことにむしろリスペクトの念。


この建物は見たところ小規模ですが均整のよくとれた姿カタチ。
茅葺きの頂部には棟を押さえる造作が施され全体を引き締めている。
内部は8畳1室ながら本床を備えた構成はすばらしい。
図面は確認できなかったが少なくとも3面は瓦庇に保護された縁が回され
コンパクトだけれど空間の変化はみごとな配置だと思われた。
周囲の環境も考え合わせれば、高い精神的完成度。
「離れ」ということなので本宅の生産活動を離れた戸主の
精神生活がシンボリックに残されたとみえる。
床の間の様子には、一族の矜持のようなものが匂い立つ。
復元されたものだけれど、農家住宅として周囲の緑とのバランスが
暮らしデザインのポイントとして際だつ。
1700年代初期以前の建築とみられるが、
屋根や庇は後世に整えられたようであるとされていた。

遠く北海道からの旅行者としてはその歴史の積層に感嘆するばかり。
こういうごくさりげない農家住宅にも深く歴史が刻み込まれている驚き。
しかし考えて見れば纏向〜飛鳥の時代から
日本の王権は常に「稲作文明」の中核であったように思う。
そのための水利技術と生活文化こそが人々を統治したアイデンティティ。
なのでそうした農業技術が過去の王権の地をも覆いつくして
王城から鄙の風景に還元されていくことは
大きな社会進歩の証ということであるのかも知れない。まことに奥深い。


English version⬇

Former Akado Family Detached House, Descendant of Masanari Kusunoki, Yamato Historical Testimony-22
Impressive but compact spiritual architecture. 17km of travel distance of the family clan in 3-400 years time. The depth of the ethnic history. ...

The history of Japan and its society is concentrated in the Nara Basin of Nara Prefecture.
Even ordinary farmhouses have history spun out of them in a very casual manner.
The house was originally a farmhouse in Kosui, Kashiba City, in the western part of the Nara Basin, close to Osaka.
This is a detached room in the Shakudo family's house.
According to the genealogical records, this family was the ancestors of the Kusunoki family, who served as the headman of the farmhouse.
The Kusunoki family was active during the period of upheaval in the Northern and Southern Dynasties during the reign of Masanari, and their home base was in Chihaya Akasaka Village
This village is located in the Minami-kawachi area of Osaka Prefecture and belongs to Minami-kawachi County. It is the only village in Osaka Prefecture with the smallest population.
Known as the birthplace of Kusunoki Masanari, the village is surrounded by nature, including Mount Kongo, where he trained as an ascetic, and terraced rice paddies.
The Kusunoki family played an active role in the middle of Japanese history at the Battle of Chihaya Castle in 1333.
That is the date of construction of this building in the early 1700's. After 3-400 years of time
Thus, we can see that the family has continued to exist as a family lineage.
How did the Kusunoki family change their family name to Akado family?
I am sure you can find out how the family name was changed from the Kusunoki family to the Akado family, if you read the genealogical records.
I am more impressed by the fact that the family line has continued to survive than by the tale of Mr. Masanari Kusunoki's spectacular successes.
I rather respect the fact that the family has continued to survive as a farmer.

This building is small in scale but has a well-proportioned form.
The top of the thatched roof has a structure to hold down the ridge, tightening the whole structure.
The interior is a single 8-mat room with a main floor, which is an excellent configuration.
Although I did not check the drawings, at least three sides of the room have turned edges protected by tile eaves.
Although compact, the spatial variation of the room is well arranged.
Considering the surrounding environment, it has a high degree of spiritual perfection.
The house is a "detached house," so the owner's spiritual life, away from the production activities of the main house, remains symbolic.
The alcove shows the spiritual life of the family.
The tokonoma (alcove) in the house gives off the scent of the family's pride.
Although the house has been restored, the balance with the surrounding greenery as a farmhouse is a key point in the design of living in the early 1700s.
The roof and eaves were constructed in the early 1700s or earlier.
The roof and eaves seem to have been arranged in later periods.

As a traveler from far away Hokkaido, I was amazed at the layers of history.
It is amazing to see the history deeply engraved in such an ordinary farmhouse.
However, if you think about it, since the period of Sumo to Asuka
Japanese kingship has always been the core of "rice cultivation civilization.
The identity that ruled the people was the water utilization technology and lifestyle culture for that purpose.
So, such agricultural technology also covered the land of the past kingship and
The fact that such agricultural technology is being reduced from the royal castle to the remote landscape is a sign of great social progress.
This may be a sign of great social progress. It is truly profound.

【江戸期「旅宿」機能のしつらい 大和歴史証言-21】

2022-07-17 05:59:12 | 日記




さて、奈良県立民俗博物館の展示住宅「臼井家」を見て来たけれど、
説明資料と実相にはやや相違があるように感じられた。
わたしとしては「半商半農」的住宅という説明はなじまなく感じ
むしろ江戸期の移動交通の実相を伝える貴重な民俗遺構と思った次第です。
半外半内的な庇の下の「待合空間」は、まるで定刻発車を待つ
プラットホーム的な機能性を感じさせてくれるし、
広大な土間空間は多人数の集散の場としての「待合」を感じさせられた。
そして本日ご紹介の和室群には宿泊機能性を想起させる。
この「駅舎」的建築は、奈良地域・高取藩の藩庁舎の城下に位置する。
なので城主・殿様と「お目見え」に外部訪問者が来たときに
その直前、前日に身ごしらえをするための宿泊場所が必要になる。
多様な身分性社会を反映して床の間付きの居室も用意された。
たとえば他藩から公用で来訪した客人が高取藩の役人などと接触するときに
「では城下の伊勢屋にてお待ちします」みたいな施設として使われた。
ちょうど現代の応接的ホテルのような使われ方。

1枚目の写真には奥に「土蔵」も映り込んでいる。
多様な用途にふさわしい演出装置が仕舞い込まれていて
この床の間付き和室で、セレモニー的な対応も可能だったのではないか。
この空間の視線手前側には格子窓がしつらえられている。
簡易ながらも来訪宿泊者が城中からの対応者との約束時間を待ち、
随行者は格子窓の障子越にその気配を察知していた光景が想像される。

そうした場面演出用の道具類の出し入れに
渡り廊下がしつらえられている。
庭にも開放された眺望空間のなかで一種の「趣向」としても
この渡り廊下は機能したものかも知れない。
屋根の付いた搬入搬出廊下というのは面白い空間趣向。
一方、土間に隣接した和室居室群は通常の「旅宿」空間の機能を感じる。
塗り籠め的な収納室に多彩な空間仕切り建具類が収められて
臨機応変に宿泊者に対してのサービスを提供していた。
土間に鎮座する「おくどさん」で調理された料理群が板の間で調理・配膳され、
旅宿者にふるまわれた光景が浮かんでくるように思う。
武家社会的な格式重視の制度のなかでの「移動交通」の機能建築空間。
そういった実相がこうした建築要素から漂ってくるように思われます。

やはり昔人のくらし用を伝えてくれる古建築空間は楽しい。
日本人的な息づかいが随所から立ち上ってくる瞬間があり、
そういうリアリティがこころの琴線の部分につよく響き渡ってくる。
時間を越えて住空間・建築空間が伝えてくれているもの、
いわば「民族の消息」がたくさんタイムカプセルされていますね。


English version⬇

The Edo Period Hotel"Tabi-Shuku" Functional Structure: Yamato Historical Testimony-21
A time capsule of "the breath of the people. Our ancestors lived wrapped in this kind of space and style. A dialogue that transcends time. The dialogue that transcends time.

I visited the "Usui Family," a house on display at the Nara Prefectural Museum of Folklore.
I found some discrepancies between the description of the house and the actual condition of the house.
For me, the description of the house as a "half-merchant, half-farmer" house does not seem to fit.
Rather, I thought it was a valuable folklore site that conveys the reality of mobile transportation during the Edo period.
The "waiting space" under the half-outer, half-interior eaves of the house is like a platform where one waits for a train to depart on time.
The vast earthen floor space is a place for multiple people.
The vast earthen floor space gives the impression of a "waiting area" as a place where many people gather and disperse.
And the Japanese-style rooms introduced today remind us of the functionality of lodging.
This "station house" building is located under the castle of the Takatori domain in the Nara area.
Therefore, when the lord of the castle and visitors came to "see the lord", they would stay in the building for a few days.
A place to stay to prepare themselves just before and the day before is necessary.
Reflecting the diverse status society, rooms with tokonoma (alcove) were also prepared.
For example, when a visitor from another clan on official business came to Takatori to meet with a Takatori official, he was asked to stay at the Iseya on the castle grounds.
The guest room was used as a facility for such a meeting.
It was used just like a modern reception hotel.

In the first photo, you can also see the storehouse in the back.
The storehouse is furnished with staging equipment suitable for various uses.
This Japanese-style room with an alcove could have been used for ceremonial purposes.
A lattice window is placed on the front side of this space.
The guests could wait for their appointments with their counterparts from the castle, and the attendants could enter the room through the sliding lattice window.
The accompanying guests could sense their presence through the shoji screens of the lattice window.

For loading and unloading the tools used to stage such scenes
The hallway is used as a place for loading and unloading the tools for such scenes.
This corridor may have functioned as a kind of "taste" in a space with a view that was open to the garden.
This corridor may have functioned as a kind of "taste" in a space with a view that was also open to the garden.
The roofed corridor for carrying in and out is an interesting spatial feature.
On the other hand, the group of Japanese-style rooms adjacent to the earthen floor seems to have the function of an ordinary "Ryabi-juku" space.
Various space-partitioning fittings are installed in a lacquered storage room.
The room was used to provide services to the guests in a flexible manner.
The food prepared in the "okudo-san" on the earthen floor is cooked and served in the board room.
The scene of food prepared in the "okudo-san," which sat in the earthen floor, being cooked and served in the boardroom and served to the guests at the inn seems to come to mind.
This was a functional architectural space for "mobile transportation" in the context of a system that emphasized the prestige of samurai society.
These architectural elements seem to convey the reality of such a situation.

I enjoy old architectural spaces that convey the lifestyle of people of the past.
There are moments when the Japanese sense of life rises up from everywhere.
Such reality resonates with the heartstrings.
The living and architectural spaces convey something that transcends time, something that is "the disappearance of the people.
In other words, there are many time capsules of the "disappearance of the people.