The Bank of Japan deputy governor said the current instability in financial markets will need careful monitoring following the bank's rate hike at the end of July.
The Nikkei 225 stock index fluctuated widely in early August, including recording its biggest ever single-day drop. The yen also appreciated sharply against the dollar.
BOJ Deputy Governor Himino Ryozo said he does not expect the plunge in the Nikkei to have a major impact on the banking system as banks now hold fewer stocks than before. He added that BOJ officials in the past were more worried about the repercussions on banks.
But in a speech on Wednesday, Himino said financial and capital markets remain unstable and the BOJ needs to monitor developments with the "utmost vigilance".
The deputy governor also commented on the central bank's basic stance on monetary policy. He said the bank will "adjust the degree of monetary accommodation" if officials are confident in their outlook for economic activity and prices.
What Is an Accommodative Monetary Policy?
Accommodative monetary policy, also known as loose credit or easy monetary policy, occurs when a central bank (such as the Federal Reserve) attempts to expand the overall money supply to boost the economy when growth is slowing (as measured by GDP). The policy is implemented to allow the money supply to rise in line with national income and the demand for money.
KEY TAKEAWAYS
• Accommodative monetary policy is when central banks expand the money supply to boost the economy.
• Monetary policies that are considered accommodative include lowering the Federal funds rate.
• These measures are meant to make money less expensive to borrow and encourage more spending.
How an Accommodative Monetary Policy Works
When the economy slows down, the Federal Reserve can implement an accommodative monetary policy to stimulate the economy. It does this by running a succession of decreases in the Federal funds rate, making the cost of borrowing cheaper. The Fed can also allow the money supply to increase or increase the money supply via quantitative easing (QE). Accommodative monetary policy is triggered to encourage more spending from consumers and businesses by making money less expensive to borrow through the lowering of short-term interest rates.
When money is easily accessible through banks, the money supply in the economy increases. This leads to increased spending. When businesses can easily borrow money, they have more funds to expand operations and hire more workers, which means that the unemployment rate will decrease. On the other hand, people and businesses tend to save less when the economy is stimulated due to the low savings interest rates offered by banks. Instead, any additional funds are invested in the stock market, pushing up stock prices.
Criticism of Accommodative Monetary Policy
While accommodative monetary policy expands economic growth mid-term, there may be negative repercussions in the long-term. If the money supply is loosened for too long, there will be too much money chasing too few goods and services, leading to inflation. This leads to increased costs for some goods, such as housing.
To avoid inflation, most central banks alternate between the accommodative monetary policy and the tight monetary policy in varying degrees to encourage growth while keeping inflation under control.
A tight monetary policy is implemented to contract economic growth. Converse to accommodative monetary policy, a tight monetary policy involves increasing interest rates to constrain borrowing and to stimulate savings. As well, the increased money supply can depreciate the currency (exchange rate).
Example of Accommodative Monetary Policy
The Federal Reserve adopted an accommodative monetary policy during the late stages of the bear market that began in late 2000. When the economy finally showed signs of a rebound, the Fed eased up on the accommodative measures, eventually moving to a tight monetary policy in 2003. Also, to overcome the recession following the 2008 credit crisis, an accommodative monetary policy was implemented and interest rates were cut to 0.5%. To increase the supply of money in the economy, the Federal Reserve can also purchase Treasuries on the open market to infuse capital into a weakening economy.
