基板を搬送

US11279032(APPLIED MATERIALS INC [US])
[0003] Electronic device manufacturing systems, such as substrate processing systems, include multiple process chambers and load lock chambers.
【０００２】
  ［００２］  基板処理システムなどの電子デバイス製造システムは、複数の処理チャンバ及びロードロックチャンバを含む。

Such chambers are included in cluster tools where a plurality of process chambers are distributed about a transfer chamber, for example.
このようなチャンバは、例えば、複数の処理チャンバが移送チャンバの周りに分配されるクラスタツールに含まれる。

Electronic device manufacturing systems also include a factory interface and storage areas (e.g., front opening unified pods (FOUPs)).
また、電子デバイス製造システムは、ファクトリインターフェース及び収容領域（例えば、前方開口型統一ポッド（ＦＯＵＰ））を含む。

Electronic device manufacturing systems employ articulated robots or multi-arm robots, which are housed within the transfer chamber to transport substrates between the various process chambers and load lock chambers and are housed within the factory interface to transport substrates between the storage areas and the load lock chambers. 
電子デバイス製造システムは、多関節ロボット又は多腕ロボットを採用しており、これらロボットは、様々な処理チャンバとロードロックチャンバとの間で基板を搬送するために移送チャンバ内に収容され、収容領域とロードロックチャンバとの間で基板を搬送するためにファクトリインターフェース内に収容される。

US2023245862(LAM RES CORP [US])
[0032] FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the tool 100 .
【００３２】
  図２は、ツール１００の平面図を示す。

The tool 100 includes the FOUPs 104 , the EFEM and load lock 106 , the substrate processing chambers 109 , and power lock out and tag out panel 110 .
ツール１００は、ＦＯＵＰ１０４と、ＥＦＥＭおよびロードロック１０６と、基板処理チャンバ１０９と、パワーロックアウトおよびタグアウトパネル１１０と、を含む。

The tool has an overall footprint identified by dotted lines 220 .
ツールは、点線２２０によって識別される設置面積全体を有する。

The tool 100 further includes a substrate transfer module 222 for transferring substrates to and from the substrate processing chambers 109 . 
ツール１００は、基板処理チャンバ１０９へおよび基板処理チャンバ１０９から基板を搬送するための基板搬送モジュール２２２をさらに含む。

US11444521(BROOKS AUTOMATION INC [US])
[0032] The vacuum back end 1020 generally includes a transport chamber 1025 , one or more processing station(s) 1030 and any suitable transfer robot 1014 which may include one or more aspects of the disclosed embodiments described herein.
【００１２】
  真空バックエンド１０２０は、一般的に、搬送チャンバ１０２５、１つまたは複数の処理ステーション１０３０、および、本明細書で説明される、開示される実施形態の１つまたは複数の態様を含んでいてもよい任意の適切な移送ロボット１０１４を含む。

The transfer robot 1014 will be described below and may be located within the transport chamber 1025 to transport substrates between the load lock 1010 and the various processing stations 1030 .
移送ロボット１０１４は、以下において説明されるが、ロードロック１０１０と様々な処理ステーション１０３０との間で基板を搬送するために、搬送チャンバ１０２５内に位置していてもよい。

静電気を除去

US2024102149(MOTHERSON INNOVATIONS CO LTD [GB])
[0107] Prior to coating the substrate was blown off thoroughly with ionised compressed air to remove any particulate that had settled on the surface and to remove static.
【０１００】
  [0108]被覆の前に、イオン化圧縮空気を用いて、基材を完全に吹き清めて表面上に積もった微粒子すべてを除去し、静電気を除去する。

The substrate was then loaded into the PVD coating drum and blown off a second time immediately prior to entering the vacuum coating chamber.
次いで、ＰＶＤ被覆ドラムに基材を装填し、真空被覆チャンバーに入れる直前に２回目の吹き清めを行う。

WO2020081223(ILLINOIS TOOL WORKS [US])
[0011] Static bars, also known as, static eliminators or anti-static bars provide one way to eliminate static eiectricity generated on a part passing through such a contact cleaning system during operation
【００１１】
  静電気除去装置（static eliminator）又は除電バー（anti-static bar）としても知られるスタティックバー（static bar）は、動作中にそのような接触クリーニングシステムを通過する部品上に生成される静電気をなくす１つの方法を提供する。

in contact cleaning apparatus, a static bar can be located at the outlet of the cleaning roller to provide a stream of ionised air to neutralise static on the cleaned substrate surface
接触クリーニング装置において、スタティックバーは、クリーニングされる基板表面上の静電気（static）を中和するイオン化空気のストリームを提供するために、クリーニングローラーの出口に位置することができる。

in certain systems, a second static bar can be located at the inlet of the cleaning roller to remove static from the substrate to be cleaned. 
或る特定のシステムにおいて、第２のスタティックバーは、クリーニングされる基板から静電気を除去するためにクリーニングローラーの入口に位置することができる。

碍管

US2018015870(MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORP [JP])
[0013] Ground shields 25 , 35 made of, for example, metal such as aluminum or brass, or conductive resin are provided between the large diameter portions A of the insulators 21 , 31 and the ground layers 23 , 33 .
【００１３】
  絶縁物２１、３１の大径部Ａと接地層２３、３３との間には、例えばアルミニウムや黄銅などの金属または導電性樹脂等で構成された接地シールド２５、３５が設けられている。

The ground shields 25 , 35 are placed only on the pressure tank 2 side in FIG. 5, but may be provided on the porcelain tube 20 side.
図３では、圧力タンク２側にのみ接地シールド２５、３５が設置されているが、碍管２０側に設けることも可能である。

偏光素子

US9921152(KLA TENCOR CORP [US])
[0040] Collection optics 122 includes any suitable optical elements to collect light from the one or more structures formed on wafer 120 .
【００３０】
  集光光学系１２２は、ウェハ１２０上に形成された１個又は複数個の構造から集光するのに適する何らかの集光素子を有している。

Collection aperture stop 123 controls the NA of the collection optics subsystem.
集光開口絞り１２３は集光光学系サブシステムのＮＡを制御する。

Polarizing element 124 analyzes the desired polarization state. The polarizing element 124 is a polarizer or a compensator. 
偏光素子１２４は所望の偏光状態を検光する。偏光素子１２４は偏光器又は補償器である。

US11998487(PULSEMEDICA CORP [CA])
The light from the source 614 is directed towards the eye 612 through a polarizing element 626 , such as a quarter or half-wave plate, that changes the polarization of the light passing through it.
光源６１４からの光は、通過する光の偏光を変化させる４分の１または１／２波長板などの偏光素子６２６を通して眼６１２に向けられる。

The light is directed to the eye and the reflected off the eye returns through the same path and again passes through the polarizing element 626 which
光は、眼に向けられ、眼で反射された光は、同じ経路を通って戻り、再び偏光素子６２６を通過して、

again changes the polarization of the returning light
戻り光の偏光を再び変化させ、

so that the returning light has a different polarization from the source light and so can be separated from each other by the polarizing beam splitter 624 . 
戻り光が光源光とは異なる偏光を有するようにするので、偏光ビームスプリッタ６２４によって互いに分離できる。

US2023184996(3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES COMPANY [US])
The light reflecting layer may include a multilayer optical film. The light reflecting layer may include polymeric multilayer optical film.
【００８２】
  光反射層は、多層光学フィルムを含み得る。光反射層は、ポリマー多層光学フィルムを含み得る。

The polymeric multilayer optical film may operate as a mirror element.
ポリマー多層光学フィルムは、ミラー素子として動作し得る。

The polymeric multilayer optical film may operate as a polarizer element.
ポリマー多層光学フィルムは、偏光素子として動作し得る。

The polymeric multilayer optical film may operate as a reflective polarizer element. The polymeric multilayer optical film may operate as a spectral filter.
ポリマー多層光学フィルムは、反射偏光素子として動作し得る。ポリマー多層光学フィルムは、スペクトルフィルタとして動作し得る。

のみに接続

Which is better or more common? 1. Each transmission antenna is only connected to the amplification unit. 2. Each transmission antenna is connected only to the amplification unit. 3. Each transmission antenna is connected to the amplification unit only.

ChatGPT:

The most common and natural choice is Option 2:

✅ "Each transmission antenna is connected only to the amplification unit."

Explanation:

• Option 1 ("is only connected to") → This structure could be ambiguous because "only" before "connected" might imply that the antennas have no other function than being connected, rather than emphasizing exclusivity of the connection.
• Option 2 ("is connected only to") → This correctly emphasizes that the transmission antenna is connected exclusively to the amplification unit and nothing else.
• Option 3 ("is connected to ... only") → While grammatically fine, it sounds a bit less natural and could be misread as emphasizing "unit" rather than the exclusivity of the connection.

Thus, Option 2 is the clearest and most common way to express the intended meaning. 👍

あなた：

Option 1 was written by a native speaker of English. Would you still correct it to option 2?

ChatGPT:

If a native speaker wrote Option 1, I wouldn't necessarily correct it outright, but I would suggest Option 2 for greater clarity, especially in technical or formal writing.

Why?

• Option 1 ("Each transmission antenna is only connected to the amplification unit.") is grammatically correct, but "only" before "connected" could create ambiguity.

  • It might be interpreted as:
    "The sole purpose of each transmission antenna is to be connected (and do nothing else)."
  • Instead of emphasizing "it is connected to nothing else but the amplification unit", which is likely the intended meaning.

• Option 2 ("Each transmission antenna is connected only to the amplification unit.") avoids this ambiguity and clearly states that the connection is exclusive.

Would I change it?

• In casual conversation or informal writing, Option 1 is fine.
• In technical, legal, or formal writing, I would revise it to Option 2 for clarity.

Even native speakers sometimes phrase things in a way that could be clearer, especially in technical documents where precision matters. 😊

色覚特性

US2022413320(PERFORMANCE VISION TECH INC [US])
The Human Visual System and Color Vision
【００１１】
  人間の視覚系及び色覚

[0031] For convenience, certain color characteristics of human vision are briefly summarized.
 便宜上、人間の特定の色覚特性について簡単に要約する。

The human visual system is sensitive to a narrow band of electromagnetic radiation referred to herein as light.
人間の視覚系は、本明細書で光と称する狭帯域の電磁放射線に敏感である。

Within this band of radiation, VIS, with wavelengths from about 380 nanometers (nm) to about 760 nm, the visual system perceives different wavelengths as unique and distinct colors (see Table 1).
 約３８０ナノメートル（ｎｍ）～約７６０ｎｍの波長を有するこの放射帯域内、ＶＩＳでは、視覚系は、異なる波長を特有且つ別個の色として知覚する（表１参照）。

US2024130804(FURUKAWA ELECTRIC CO LTD [JP])
[0007] Furthermore, the appearance of the light projected on the body surface
【０００７】
  さらに、体表に映し出される光の見え方は、

varies depending on the state of the patient such as sex and the thickness of the subcutaneous tissue, the environment such as the brightness of the operating room and the treatment room, the state of the user such as the physical condition and the color vision characteristic of the user, and the like.
性別や皮下組織の厚さのような患者の状態、手術室や処置室の明るさのような環境、使用者の体調や色覚特性のような使用者の状態などによっても異なる。

 

Translate: 色覚特性の補正フィルタおよび色覚検査方法

ChatGPT:

ChatGPT

"Color Vision Correction Filter and Color Vision Testing Method"

Translation Notes:

1. 色覚特性 (color vision)
   Translated as "color vision" to describe the characteristics or abilities related to color perception.

2. 補正フィルタ (correction filter)
   Translated as "correction filter," a common term for filters designed to adjust or compensate for visual characteristics.

3. 色覚検査方法 (color vision testing method)
   Translated as "color vision testing method," which accurately conveys a method used to examine or test color vision.

If you need refinements or adjustments for a specific context, let me know!

あなた:

How about "color vision characteristics"?

ChatGPT:

ChatGPT

Using "color vision characteristics" is a valid alternative, depending on the context. Here's a revised version with that phrasing:

"Color Vision Characteristics Correction Filter and Color Vision Testing Method"

Considerations:

1. "Color Vision Characteristics"
   This phrasing emphasizes specific traits or properties of color vision, which might align better with contexts involving detailed analysis or correction of those traits.

2. Formal and Precise Tone
   If the document is technical or academic, "color vision characteristics" might sound more formal and precise than just "color vision."

However, if 色覚特性 is being used broadly or more generally, "color vision" alone could suffice to keep the phrase concise.

Let me know which nuance you'd like to emphasize, and I can adjust accordingly!

経路制御

US9166874(HITACHI LTD [JP])
[0206] In a case of a valid entry, the path control unit 1100 extracts both or either an output route ID and/or an output flow ID of the frame (F 304 ).
有効エントリであった場合には、経路制御部１１００に於いて当該フレームの出力方路ＩＤと出力フローＩＤの双方又はそのいずれかを抽出する（Ｆ３０４）。

In addition, the output route ID ( 1111 , 1112 , or 1117 ) and the output flow ID ( 1113 , 1114 , or 1118 ) are extracted from the transfer table 1110 .
尚、出力方路ＩＤ（１１１１、１１１２、又は１１１７）と出力フローＩＤ（１１１３、１１１４、又は１１１８）は転送表１１１０から抽出する。

方路

US2024283557(NIPPON TELEGRAPH & TELEPHONE [JP])
[0049] In step S 1 shown in FIG. 5 , multiple wavelength signal light 1 a to 1 m transmitted in multiple bands via the respective M input paths illustrated in FIG. 1 are input to input ports of the M demultiplexing units 11 a to 11 m .
【００４１】
  図５に示すステップＳ１において、図１に示すＭ本の入力方路毎にマルチバンド伝送されてきた波長多重信号光１ａ～１ｍが、Ｍ個の分波部１１ａ～１１ｍの入力ポートに入力される。

Note that optical signals of the S-band, C-band, and L-band are multiplexed into each of the multiple wavelength signal light 1 a to 1 m.
なお、波長多重信号光１ａ～１ｍ毎に、Ｓ帯、Ｃ帯及びＬ帯の各光信号が多重化されている。

車両の：タイトルでの数

US2024286513(BOSCH GMBH ROBERT [DE])
ELECTRICAL SUPPLY CABLE FOR A VEHICLE
車両のための電気的な給電ケーブル

US2020166924(NISSAN NORTH AMERICA INC [US])
AUTONOMOUS VEHICLE NOTIFICATION SYSTEM AND METHOD
自律車両の通知のシステムと方法

US2024227793(VOLVO TRUCK CORP [SE])
ADAPTIVE PATH FOLLOWING ALGORITHM FOR HEAVY-DUTY VEHICLES
大型車両のための適応経路追従アルゴリズム

US11820387(QUALCOMM INC [US])
Detecting driving behavior of vehicles
車両の運転行動を検出すること

US12179795(NVIDIA CORP [US])
Using arrival times and safety procedures in motion planning trajectories for autonomous vehicles
自律型車両のためのモーション・プランニング軌道において到着時間及び安全性手順を使用すること

US11825527(TOYOTA MOTOR NORTH AMERICA INC [US])
Systems and methods for selecting a network interface based on a motion state of a vehicle
車両の動作状態に基づいてネットワークインタフェースを選択するためのシステムと方法

US2021110323(INTEL CORP)
OPTIMIZING CHARGING, FUELING, AND PARKING OVERHEADS OF FLEET VEHICLES IN A MAAS ARCHITECTURE
ＭａａＳアーキテクチャにおけるフリート車両の充電、燃料注入、および駐車のオーバヘッドの最適化

US11880701(GOOGLE LLC [US])
Extensible computing architecture for vehicles
車両のための拡張可能なコンピューティングアーキテクチャ

 

車両の速度制御装置

ChatGPT:

A few possible translations for 車両の速度制御装置 include:

1. "Vehicle speed control device" (most common and general)
2. "Vehicle velocity control device" (more technical, considering "velocity" includes direction)
3. "Speed control system for a vehicle" (if referring to a system rather than just a device)
4. "Vehicle speed regulation device" (if the focus is on maintaining a set speed)

Would you like a translation that aligns with a specific technical or patent context?

あなた:

車両の停車位置を厳密に測定する方法

ChatGPT:

A few possible translations for 車両の停車位置を厳密に測定する方法 include:

1. "Method for precisely measuring the stopping position of a vehicle" (common and natural)
2. "Method for accurately measuring the stopping position of a vehicle" (emphasizing accuracy)
3. "Method for exact measurement of a vehicle's stopping position" (slightly more formal)
4. "Method for strict measurement of a vehicle stop position" (if "厳密" is interpreted strictly)

Would you like a version that fits a specific technical or patent context?

あなた:

In the case of Option 1, if this was the title of an invention, which is better, "of a vehicle" or "of vehicles"?

ChatGPT:

If "Method for precisely measuring the stopping position of a vehicle" is used as the title of an invention, "of a vehicle" is generally preferable because:

• Patent titles often use the singular form (a vehicle) to describe an invention in a general way, rather than referring to multiple instances (vehicles).
• Using "a vehicle" makes it clear that the method applies to any vehicle, not just a specific type or multiple vehicles simultaneously.

However, "of vehicles" could be appropriate if the method is explicitly designed to measure the stopping positions of multiple vehicles at once (e.g., in a fleet management system or a multi-lane detection system).

So, unless the invention is specifically designed for multiple vehicles at once, "of a vehicle" is the better choice.

あなた:

Translate the following as the title of an invention: 車両の運転行動を検出すること

ChatGPT:

Detecting Driving Behavior of a Vehicle

あなた:

"Vehicles" is also acceptable, isn't it?

ChatGPT:

Yes, "Detecting Driving Behavior of Vehicles" is also acceptable. Using "a vehicle" emphasizes an individual vehicle's behavior, while "vehicles" generalizes the method or system to apply to multiple vehicles. Either can be appropriate depending on the scope of the invention.

密着構造

US2016136013(PROCTER & GAMBLE [US])
[0135] In the case of the present disclosure, where a distribution material comprises one or more layers of fibrous substrates comprising wet-laid or wet-formed fibers, the distribution material may have an improved cohesive structure or wet strength compared to the unconsolidated air-laid fibers discussed above.
【０１１３】
  本開示の場合、分配材料が、ウェットレイド又は湿式成形繊維を含む繊維基材を１層以上含み、分配材料は、上記の非固結エアレイド繊維と比較して、改善された密着構造又は湿潤強度を有することができる。

Due to the wet-laid and wet-formed papermaking process as described herein, the wet-laid and wet-formed fibers relatively strongly adhere to each other. 
本明細書に記載されるようなウェットレイド及び湿式成形製紙プロセスに起因して、ウェットレイド及び湿式成形繊維は、相互に比較的強く接着する。

The fibrous substrate(s) of the distribution material of the present disclosure is/are thus less prone to form disruptions when wetted by liquid bodily exudates.
本開示の分配材料の繊維基材（複数可）は、このため、液状排泄物で濡れた場合に、崩壊を形成しにくい。

WO2015187198(KIMBERLY CLARK CO [US])
III. Nonwoven Web
【００８０】
  ＩＩＩ．不織布ウェブ

The hollow fibers of the present invention possess can be suitably employed in various applications without first being formed into any type of coherent structure.
本発明の中空繊維は、最初にいずれかのタイプの密着構造へと形成されることなく、さまざまな用途で適切に利用できる。

Nevertheless, in certain cases, it may be desired to form the fibers into a coherent nonwoven web structure by randomly depositing the fibers onto a forming surface (optionally with the aid of a vacuum) and then bonding the resulting web using any known technique.
いずれにしても、特定の場合、（随意に真空の助けを借りて）形成表面に繊維を無作為に堆積させた後、任意の既知技術を使用して結果として生じるウェブを接着させることによって、繊維を密着不織布ウェブに形成することが望ましい場合がある。

WO2012068619(ELASTAGEN PTY LTD [AU])
The present disclosure is directed, in part, to providing injectable formulations of coherent biomaterials which are based on or derived from proteins,
【０００８】
  本開示は、部分的には、タンパク質系またはタンパク質由来の密着生体材料からなる注入用調合物を提供すること、

and enable the incorporated protein residues to retain their full length, or substantially full length, structure,
上記調合物に組み込まれたタンパク質残基が全長構造（または実質的に全長構造）を維持することを可能にすること、

and also enable the protein residues to be protected from rapid resorption and/or breakdown due to, e.g., proteolysis.
および上記タンパク質残基を保護して、例えばタンパク質分解に起因する急速な再吸収および／または分解を防止することに関している。

In addition, the present disclosure is directed in part to biomaterials based on, and derived from, full length, or substantially full length, proteins which are amenable to needle injection, retain a coherent structure, are sufficiently cross-linked to slow resorption in vivo or combinations thereof. In addition, the present disclosure is directed in part to biomaterials which are substantially devoid of toxic chemical cross-linking agents.
また、本開示は、部分的には、針を用いた注入に適しているか、密着構造を維持しているか、または十分に架橋されたことにより生体内で再吸収されるのを遅らせるか、またはこれら特徴の組合せを有している、全長のタンパク質（または実質的に全長のタンパク質）系または全長のタンパク質（または実質的に全長のタンパク質）由来の生体材料に関している。

 

端子と半導体素子は密着構造を有する。

ChatGPT:

How about:

• "The terminal and the semiconductor element have a close-contact structure."
• "The terminal and the semiconductor element are in a close-contact structure."
• "The terminal and the semiconductor element form a close-contact structure."

Would you like a more technical or alternative phrasing?

あなた:

How about 1. intimately adhered structure 2. closely attached structure 3. adhered structure

ChatGPT:

Your options are understandable, but "intimately adhered structure" and "adhered structure" sound slightly unnatural in technical writing. Here are my thoughts:

1. "Intimately adhered structure" – "Intimately" is not commonly used in this type of technical description. "Adhered" suggests a bonding process, which might be appropriate if adhesion is involved, but it may not be the best choice if the components are simply in close contact.

2. "Closely attached structure" – This is better, but "attached" can imply a more deliberate fastening rather than just a structural characteristic.

3. "Adhered structure" – Again, "adhered" implies bonding, such as through adhesive or welding. If that's the intended meaning, it may be acceptable, but "close-contact" might be better.

Suggested Alternatives:

• "Close-contact structure" (widely used in technical contexts)
• "Tightly bonded structure" (if there is bonding involved)
• "Closely coupled structure" (if describing an electrical or mechanical connection)

Would you like to emphasize adhesion (as in bonding) or just the proximity of the components?

あなた:

How about 4. coherent structure 5. cohesive structure

ChatGPT:

Both "coherent structure" and "cohesive structure" can have relevant meanings, but they are not the best fit for 密着構造 in a technical or engineering context.

Analysis:

1. "Coherent structure" –

   • "Coherent" usually refers to logical consistency or wave-phase alignment (e.g., in physics or optics).
   • In engineering, "coherent structure" is rarely used to describe physical attachment or contact between components.
   • It does not effectively convey the idea of "密着" (close contact or adherence).

2. "Cohesive structure" –

   • "Cohesive" refers to internal bonding within a material or a system where elements stick together well.
   • It might be acceptable if the emphasis is on internal structural integrity rather than physical contact between separate parts.
   • However, 密着構造 typically describes two components in close contact rather than internal cohesion.

Better Alternatives:

• "Close-contact structure" (neutral and widely used in mechanical/electrical engineering)
• "Tightly sealed structure" (if sealing is implied)
• "Intimate-contact structure" (sometimes used in semiconductor or material science contexts)
• "Adhering structure" (if the parts are bonded)

Would you like to emphasize just contact or bonding/sealing as well?

スイッチング電源

US2017162417(APPLIED MATERIALS INC [US])
[0073] It is a further function of the current implementation of the filtering network that

the previously described functionality be achieved at the power line frequency of about 50 to about 60 Hz, and including their harmonic frequencies of up to several kilo Hertz, and further up to tens of kilo Hertz range which covers a frequency band of commercial switching power supply switching frequencies. 
【００５８】
［００７０］  前述の機能が、約５０Ｈｚから約６０Ｈｚの電力ライン周波数で、また、数ｋＨｚまでの高調波周波数を含み、更には、商用スイッチング電源のスイッチング周波数の周波数帯域をカバーする数十ｋＨｚレンジで実現される

ことは、フィルタリングネットワークの現在の実装の更なる機能である。

WO2017218810(TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INC [US])
[0002] High electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are becoming an attractive solution for high efficiency switching power supplies, amplifiers and other switch circuits due to low on-state resistance (e.g., RDSON).
【０００２】
  高電子移動度トランジスタ（ＨＥＭＴ）は、低いオン状態抵抗（例えば、ＲＤＳＯＮ）に起因し、高効率スイッチング電源、アンプ、及び他のスイッチ回路に対する魅力ある解決策になってきている。

Compared with conventional silicon switching transistors, gallium nitride (GaN), aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN), silicon carbide (SiC) and other HEMTs promise higher output power, lower size and high efficiency in power circuits, particularly at high frequencies. 
従来のシリコンスイッチングトランジスタに比べ、窒化ガリウム（ＧａＮ）、窒化アルミニウムガリウム（ＡｌＧａＮ）、炭化珪素（ＳｉＣ）、及び他のＨＥＭＴは、特に高周波数で、電力回路における、より高い出力電力、より小型のサイズ、及び高い効率を約束する。

 

What is スイッチング電源?

ChatGPT:

スイッチング電源 (Switching Power Supply) is a type of power supply that converts electrical energy using high-frequency switching technology. Instead of using a traditional transformer to step down voltage, it rapidly switches the input voltage on and off and then regulates the output using components like inductors, capacitors, and semiconductors.

Key Features of a Switching Power Supply:

• High Efficiency: Typically much more efficient than linear power supplies because it reduces energy loss as heat.
• Compact Size: Requires smaller transformers and components due to high-frequency operation.
• Wide Input Voltage Range: Can operate over a broad range of input voltages.
• Lighter Weight: Due to the use of smaller inductors and transformers.

Common Applications:

• Power adapters for laptops, mobile phones, and other electronic devices.
• Industrial power supplies.
• Power converters in renewable energy systems.
• DC-DC converters in electric vehicles and battery-powered devices.

Would you like more details on how it works or a comparison with other types of power supplies?

あなた:

Is it also called "switched-power supply"?

ChatGPT:

Yes, "switched-power supply" is sometimes used, but the more common and widely accepted term is "switching power supply."

Comparison of Terms:

• ✅ Switching power supply → The standard and most widely used term in technical and industry contexts.
• ✅ Switched-mode power supply (SMPS) → A precise technical term that emphasizes the use of switching regulators.
• ❌ Switched-power supply → Less common; while it may be understood, it is not the standard term.

If you are writing for a technical audience, "switching power supply" or "switched-mode power supply (SMPS)" would be the best choices.

マザー基板

WO2022186999(LIQID INC [US])
[0042] Diagram 502 depicts an additional circuit board, including motherboard or main board 260.
【００４２】
  図５０２は、マザー基板または主基板２６０を含む追加の回路基板を示す。

Main board 260 may control or facilitate various operations of system 500, including power allocation and communication between components of system 500 and between system 500 and external systems.
主基板２６０は、システム５００の構成要素間およびシステム５００と外部システムとの間の電力割り振りおよび通信を含む、システム５００の様々な動作を制御または促進することができる。

In some examples, the inter-board connectors 591 and 592 may communicatively connect super mezzanine boards 290 and 590 with main board 260, and therefore connect main board to external ports 391, 392, and 393.
いくつかの例では、基板間コネクタ５９１および５９２は、スーパーメザニン基板２９０および５９０を主基板２６０と通信可能に接続し、したがって主基板を外部ポート３９１，３９２および３９３に接続することができる。

Main board 260 may also include data port 594, which may include ethernet or similar ports that may connect via cable to external ethernet ports 394 on the chassis 110.
主基板２６０はまた、シャーシ１１０上の外部イーサネットポート３９４にケーブルを介して接続することができるイーサネットまたは同様のポートを含むことができるデータポート５９４を含むことができる。

Main hoard 260 may include one or more inter- board connector circuits 561, which may connect main board 260 with mezzanine board 250. 
主基板２６０は、主基板２６０をメザニン基板２５０に接続することができる、１つまたは複数の基板間コネクタ回路５６１を含むことができる。

合材スラリー

US2024274881(NIPPON CATALYTIC CHEM IND [JP])
Preparation of Positive Electrode
【０１４２】
  （正極の作製）

Acetylene black (AB, product name: Denka Black (registered trademark), manufactured by Denka Co., Ltd.), graphite (product number: SP270, manufactured by Nippon Graphite Industries, Co., Ltd.), and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF, product number: KF1120, manufactured by Kureha Corporation) were weighed, 3 parts by weight each, with respect to 100 parts by weight of LiNi1/3 Co1/3 Mn1/3 O2 (product number: MX7h, manufactured by Umicore) used as the ternary positive electrode active material, and were dispersed in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP)
三元系正極活物質であるＬｉＮｉ_１/３Ｃｏ_１/３Ｍｎ_１/３Ｏ_２（ユミコア製、品番：ＭＸ７ｈ）１００重量部に対し、アセチレンブラック（ＡＢ、デンカ（株）製、製品名：デンカブラック（登録商標））、グラファイト（日本黒鉛工業（株）製、品番：ＳＰ２７０）、及びポリフッ化ビニリデン（ＰＶｄＦ、（株）クレハ製、品番：ＫＦ１１２０）をそれぞれ３重量部となるように秤量し、Ｎ－メチル－２－ピロリドン（ＮＭＰ）中に分散させて

to prepare positive electrode mixture slurry.
正極合材スラリーを作製した。

US2024154114(TERAWATT TECH K K [JP])
Specifically, in a case where a positive electrode is prepared using a highly alkaline material such as Li6 CoO4 ,
具体的には、Ｌｉ_６ＣｏＯ_４のようなアルカリ性が高い材料を使用して正極を作製しようとすると、

a positive electrode mixture slurry is prepared by kneading with a binder such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or the like,
ポリフッ化ビニリデン（ＰＶＤＦ）等のバインダーと混錬して正極合材スラリーを作製する際に、

Li6 CoO4 absorbs moisture in the atmosphere to cause a rapid increase in viscosity and/or gelation of the positive electrode mixture slurry. However,
Ｌｉ_６ＣｏＯ_４が大気中の水分を吸収することで、正極合材スラリーが急激な粘度上昇及び／又はゲル化を生じてしまうが、

when the lithium-containing compound represented by Li6 Mnx Co1-x O4 (0<x<1) is used, such problems are less likely to arise.
Ｌｉ_６Ｍｎ_ｘＣｏ_１－ｘＯ_４（０＜ｘ＜１）で表されるリチウム含有化合物はそのような問題が生じにくい。

WO2019131234(PANASONIC IP MAN CO LTD [JP])
[0021] The positive electrode is obtained by, for example,
【００２０】
  正極は、例えば、

applying a positive electrode mixture slurry including a positive electrode active material, a binder, a conductive agent, and the like onto the positive electrode current collector and drying the resultant, thereby forming a positive electrode active material layer on the positive electrode current collector,
正極活物質、結着材、導電材等を含む正極合材スラリーを正極集電体上に塗布・乾燥することによって、正極集電体上に正極活物質層を形成し、

and rolling the positive electrode active material layer.
当該正極活物質層を圧延することにより得られる。

原反層

US10814658(LG CHEMICAL LTD [KR])
[0060] The heights h 1 of the protrusions t are gradually lowered along a direction opposite to an advancing direction of the optical film f material by means of a control member 430 , explained later.
【００４６】
  突起ｔは、後述の制御部材４３０によって光学フィルム原反が移送される方向の反対方向へ進むほど突起ｔの高さｈ１が低く形成される。

If the optical film f material is wound on the receiving roll 200 and thus stacked,
これは、受取ロール２００に光学フィルム原反が巻き取られて積層される場合、

an optical film f material layer located at a lower position in the third direction 16 is influenced by a pressing force of optical film f material layers located at upper positions. Thus,
第３方向１６の下部に位置する光学フィルム原反層は、上部の光学フィルム原反層からの押圧力の影響を受けることから、

the heights h 1 of the protrusions t are gradually lowered upwards in the third direction 16 so that heights h 1 of the protrusions t at every layer are kept consistently when the optical film f material is stacked on the receiving roll 200 .
第３方向１６の上部へ進むほど突起ｔの高さｈ１を低くして受取ロール２００への積層時、各層の突起ｔの高さｈ１を一定に維持するためである。

JP2022107598(凸版印刷株式会社, machine translation)
As shown in FIG. 1, the decorative sheet 1 of the present embodiment has an ink layer 5, an adhesive layer 4, a transparent resin layer 3 as a surface protective layer, and a top coat on the raw fabric layer 6 constituting the base material layer. Layers 2 are arranged and configured in this order. 
【００１０】
  本実施形態の化粧シート１は、図１に示すように、基材層を構成する原反層６の上にインキ層５、接着剤層４、表面保護層である透明樹脂層３及びトップコート層２がこの順に配置されて構成されている。

An embossed pattern 3a forming an uneven pattern is formed on the upper surface of the transparent resin layer 3.
透明樹脂層３の上面には凹凸模様を構成するエンボス模様３ａが形成されている。

The uneven pattern may be formed by a method other than embossing.
凹凸模様は、エンボス以外の方法で形成されても良い。

The transparent resin layer 3 is composed of an olefin resin layer.
透明樹脂層３はオレフィン樹脂層により構成される。

In the example of FIG. 1, an adhesive resin layer 7 is provided between the transparent resin layer 3 and the adhesive layer 4 in order to improve the adhesiveness, but the adhesive resin layer 7 is not provided. Is also good.
なお、図１の例では、接着性を向上させるために、透明樹脂層３と接着剤層４との間に接着性樹脂層７が設けられているが、接着性樹脂層７は設けなくても良い。

共役結合している

US7521066(CORNERSTONE PHARMACEUTICALS [US])
Other suitable water soluble enhancing agents include
他の適当な水溶性剤は、

polyoxyethylene alcohols, polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyethylene glycol,
ポリオキシエチレン・アルコール、ポリオキシエチレン・脂肪酸エステル、ポリエチレン・グリコール、

polyethylene glycol conjugated hydrophobic moieties, polyethylene glycol conjugated lipids, ceramides, dextrans, cholates, deoxycholates and the like and mixtures thereof.
疎水部分が共役結合しているポリエチレン・グリコール、脂質が共役結合しているポリエチレン・グリコール、セラミド、デキストラン、コール酸塩、デオキシコール酸塩及びこれらに類似物又はこれら化合物を含んでいる。

US10898570(GENENTECH INC [US])
An alternative approach to antibody-targeted therapy is to utilize antibodies for delivery of cytotoxic drugs specifically to antigen-expressing cancer cells.
【０００６】
  抗体標的療法に対する代替方法は、抗原発現癌細胞への細胞毒性薬の特異的送達のために抗体を利用することである。

Antibody-drug conjugates, or ADCs, are monoclonal antibodies to which highly potent cytotoxic agents have been conjugated.
抗体－薬物複合体またはＡＤＣは、極めて強力な細胞毒性剤が共役結合したモノクローナル抗体である。

ADCs represent a novel approach to conferring tumor selectivity on systemically administered anti-tumor therapeutics.
ＡＤＣは、全身に投与される抗腫瘍治療に腫瘍選択性を付与する新規な方法を表す。

Utilizing surface antigens that are tumor-specific and/or overexpressed, ADCs are designed to focus the delivery of highly potent cytotoxic agents to tumor cells.
腫瘍特異的及び／または過剰発現する表面抗原を利用して、ＡＤＣは、非常に強力な細胞毒性剤の腫瘍細胞への送達に集中するように設計されている。

The potential of this approach is to create a more favorable therapeutic window for such agents than could be achieved by their administration as free drugs.
この方法の可能性は、遊離薬剤としての投与によって得られることができるものより、このような薬剤は好ましい治療濃度域を作成することである。

US10531672(DUPONT NUTRITION BIOSCI APS [DK])
[0078] In the present context, the term “lactose has been transgalactosylated” means that
【００３８】
  本文脈において、「ラクトースがガラクトシル化される」の記載は、

a galactose molecule has been covalently linked to the lactose molecule such as for example covalently linked to any of the free hydroxyl groups in the lactose molecule or as generated by internal transgalatosylation for example forming allolactose.
ガラクトース分子が共役結合的にラクトース分子に結合される、例えば、ラクトース分子中の遊離水酸基のいずれかに共役結合した、または、例えばアラビノース形成のような内部トランスガラクトシル化により生成された、ラクトース分子に共役結合している。

US2013071860(UNIV LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR [US])
[0259] The state-specific binding element of the invention can be conjugated to a solid support and/or to detectable groups directly or indirectly.
【０２５９】
  本発明の状態-特異的結合エレメントは、直接または間接的に固体担体及び/または検出可能な基に共役結合することができる。

The reagents may also include ancillary agents such as buffering agents and stabilizing agents, e.g., polysaccharides and the like.
試薬は緩衝剤及び安定化剤、たとえば多糖類などの補助剤(ancillary  agent)も含むことができる。

 

複数のピロール環が共役結合してなる環状共役化合物

ChatGPT:

Here are possible translations for 複数のピロール環が共役結合してなる環状共役化合物:

1. "A cyclic conjugated compound in which multiple pyrrole rings are conjugatedly bonded."
2. "A cyclic conjugated compound formed by conjugated bonding of multiple pyrrole rings."
3. "A cyclic conjugated compound comprising multiple conjugatedly bonded pyrrole rings."
4. "A cyclic conjugated compound in which multiple pyrrole rings are linked via conjugation."

Would you like a more technical or simplified version?

あなた:

How about "A cyclic conjugated compound comprising multiple conjugated pyrrole rings"?

ChatGPT:

Your suggestion, "A cyclic conjugated compound comprising multiple conjugated pyrrole rings," is concise and technically sound. However, "conjugated pyrrole rings" could be slightly ambiguous because it might imply that each pyrrole ring itself is conjugated rather than referring to the conjugated bonding between the pyrrole rings.

A slight refinement could be:
"A cyclic conjugated compound comprising multiple pyrrole rings conjugated to each other."

Would you like to emphasize a specific aspect of the conjugation?