Cable tie, Wikipedia
"The common cable tie, normally made of nylon, has a flexible tape section with teeth that engage with（係合）a pawl（歯止め、爪）in the head to form a ratchet so that as（の時、際、につれて）the free end of the tape section is pulled the cable tie tightens and does not come undone（外れる）. Some ties include a tab（耳、爪、つまみ）that can be depressed to release the ratchet so that the tie can be loosened or removed, and possibly reused."
US5584408
"Latching structure for thermoformed plastic containers for food and the like wherein the lid and base of the containers are each provided with mating（嵌合、結合）male and female elongated elements where the locking takes place（係止）by interengaging（互いに係合）S-shaped sidewalls along the longer sides of the elongated elements, and the shorter sides are spaced from each other to preclude interference during opening and closing."
"The container 10 shown in FIG. 1 is provided with latching structure (shown in FIG. 2) 20 for latching the lid 11 to the base 12 as now to be described. The latching structure 20 includes at least one male rib 22 having a substantially rectangular cross-section depending from the horizontal flange 14 of the lid 11, the opposite longer sides 24, 26 of the rib 22 having outwardly extending shoulder structure formed by a substantially, S-shaped side wall 24a forming a protuberance 28 adjacent its juncture with the bottom wall 30 and the shorter sides 32, 34 of the rib being substantially ovular or arcuate in shape. At least one female recess 36 which is also substantially rectangular in cross-section is located in the flange 16 of the base 12 and dimensioned to receive a cooperating male rib 22 in the lid 11. The opposite longer sides 38, 40 of the female recess 36 are also formed with a substantially S-shaped sidewall 38a forming an outwardly extending recess 42 adapted to mate with the outwardly extending protuberance 28 of the male rib 22 in the lid 11 and the shorter sides 44, 46 of the female recess are substantially straight."
US8292101
"As shown in FIGS. 1-3, 5, and 6, the top of closure body 30 defines a peripheral deck 34. Within peripheral deck 34 is a closure body aperture 36, which may be defined by a spout 36a. Alternatively, a pouring spout 436a may be used as shown in FIGS. 12-14. When lid 40 is in the open configuration (FIG. 3), closure body aperture 36 permits contents to exit out of container opening 72. Closure body aperture 36 is shown in FIG. 3 to be circular in shape, however aperture 36 may take any number of sizes, quantities, positions, and shapes including ovalized, as will be recognized by one skilled in the art. To the outside of closure body aperture 36 within peripheral deck 34 is an opening 35 which forms a part of child resistant latch mechanism 50. Within opening 35 is a protrusion or latch retainer 52 projecting into the interior of the opening. Protrusion（突起）52 operably engages a latch 54 of lid 40. Protrusion 52 may have a variety of shapes including a rib with a beveled surface 52a as best shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, and may be provided in various quantities, sizes, and positions within opening 35 and still be within the scope of the embodiments of the invention.
Also included in latch mechanism 50, there may be a bias means facilitating the movement of a flexible latch 54 and/or push button 24 into and out of engagement with protrusion 52. As shown in FIGS. 2, 3, 5, and 6, one example of such bias means may be one or more rigid latch guides 56 positioned between inner skirt 31 and outer skirt 32 (FIGS. 5 and 6) within opening 35 of closure body 30. Each latch guide 56 may be a continuous bridge between inner skirt 31 and outer skirt 32, or alternately may be a projection from either skirt. Each latch guide 56 may have a running surface 57 which deflects（曲げる）latch 54 into its locked or tensioned position with protrusion 52 when lid 40 is closed. Running surface 57 may have an angled or curved, convex or concave (shown), shape. Each latch guide 56 further defines or restricts opening 35 defining a passageway for the ingress and egress of latch 54 with protrusion 52. When closing lid 40, the at least one latch guide 56 (two latch guides 56 are shown in the drawings) causes latch 54 and/or push button 24 or connections of each to flex（曲げる、屈曲）or hinge and thereby facilitates its movement into and out of a locked position with protrusion 52. When closing closure 20, latch guide 56 generally flexes latch 54 in the direction of outer skirt 32. When opening closure 20, latch guide 56 generally flexes latch 54 in the direction of inner skirt 31. As shown in FIG. 6, latch guide 56 may be designed to define a distance D between running surface 57 and the protrusion 52 which creates an interference fit relationship between latch 54 and protrusion 52 when lid 40 is closed, to more tightly secure the latch. With such interference fit relationship, latch 54 may be more resistant to the opposed squeeze required to be applied to push button 24 when opening lid 40, which may be desirable in a variety of applications. The one or more latch guides 56 may be provided in a variety of different quantities, positions, shapes, and sizes and still function to appropriately direct latch 54 when moving between the open and closed positions of closure 20."
US20100242960
"At its rear side 507, the carriage 500 has two laterally rising struts 508, 510, the strut 508 having a horizontal shoulder 509. Two pull cams 512 rise from the carriage base 511, while to the rear side 507 the carriage base 511 continues in the form of two elastic spring tongues（舌、突片、突起）513 which end as spring wedges（楔）514 and can be deflected out to the sides. Between the two spring tongues 513, a longitudinal groove 520 extends centrally through the carriage base 511. A pull catch 521 is present on the front side 501 between the groove 520 and each of the wings 503, 523. Towards the front side 501, the wing 523 has a grate section 515 on the inside."
"FIGS. 20A TO 20F
[0161] This sequence of figures illustrates a complete inhalation cycle with the mechanical events occurring in the different possible situations.
FIG. 20A
[0162] In situation A1, the valve shield 800, the carriage 500 and the shutter 400 are located in their rear end position. This is the state of the inhaler after the protective cap 950 is closed following a correctly performed inhalation or prior to the first use. With the protective cap 950 being pushed in, the shutter 400, the valve shield 800 and the dosing slide 300 have been pushed back into the rear end position by the carriage 500. The pull catch 521 of the carriage 500 grips the carrier 409 of the shutter 400. With its spring wedges 514, the carriage 500 presses against the catches 321 of the dosing slide 300, the spring wedges 514 being enclosed to the inside by the locking teeth 824.
[0163] The two struts 508, 510 of the carriage 500 have pushed the valve shield 800 into its starting position. A cam 703 on the units wheel 701 of the counter 700 has been put forward one unit by the cam 306 on the dosing slide 300. The dosing cavity 302 is now once again situated underneath the funnel outlet 608.
FIG. 20B
[0164] In situation A4 the inhaler is in a state of readiness for inhalation. By pulling the protective cap 950 out, the valve shield 800 is advanced from the rearmost position. The carriers 821 on the tentacles 820 have been gripped by the wings 503, 523 and pulled forward slightly, so that the stubs 813 of the valve shield 800 are removed from the holes 855 of the valve guide 850 and create air gaps. The inhaling patient is able to draw breath through these air gaps if no other air inlets are provided on the inhaler. On pulling the protective cap 950 out, the carriage 500 was moved with its grate section 515 past the grate section 621 of the funnel holder, so that a vibration was generated for promoting the flow of the medicament powder from the funnel 690 into the dosing cavity 302. The grate sections 515, 621 are dimensioned and arranged in such a way that when pulling the protective cap 950 out, vibrations are generated only so long as the dosing cavity 302 is situated under the funnel outlet 608. When the carriage 500 begins to pull the dosing slide 300 with it, the grate sections 515 and 621 disengage.
[0165] The dosing slide 300 was furthermore gripped via the transverse cams 309 by the pull cams 512 of the carriage 500 and moved forwards in the direction of the mouthpiece 900 to such an extent that the dosing cavity 302 is now surrounded by the closure part 401 of the shutter 400. The shutter 400 is also released, since the blocking cams 609 underneath the funnel holder 601 have lifted from the wings 405 of the shutter 400 as the protective cap 950 swings down. The wedge profiles 823 of the spring arms 822 of the valve shield 800 stand adjacent to the overspring ribs 157 of the upper part 150 of the housing.
[0166] Pressure is exerted from above the spring arms 617 of the funnel holder 601 so that all the components lying below are subjected to a certain amount of surface pressure. This increases the tightness and prevents the escape of medicament powder. After the protective cap 950 has been swung down, the inhaler is in a state of readiness for inhalation, and the easier mobility of the shutter 400 is now desired. When the side arms 960 are swung down, the surface pressure acting from above is in part compensated, as the pin 962 ascending in the aperture 505 presses against the lamellae 605. By means of the oval shape of the cam 504 and the geometry of the aperture 961, the cam 504 has a deliberately greater vertical play in the aperture 961 than its horizontal play. The reduced surface pressure now affords easier mobility of the shutter 400 upon inhalation.
FIG. 20C
[0167] In situation A5--the inhaler is closed again after an omitted inhalation--the valve shield 800 remained in its position, i.e. it was not sucked forwards. When the protective cap 950 is applied, the carriage 500 is pushed back; its spring tongues 513 move away from the catches 321 of the dosing slide 300. The valve shield 800 is again pushed into its rearmost position by the carriage 500; the shutter 400 is locked again. The dosing slide 300 remains, however, with its filled dosing cavity 302 in its forward position; it remains there as a result of suitable friction."
近傍：一体どう使い分ければいいのか？
in a vicinity of
in the vicinity of
(vicinity: the quality or state of being near)
near (close to)
around (in the neighborhood of, close to)
close to
近接
in proximity to
隣接
adjacent to
neighboring
adjoining
当接
abut (terminate at a point of contact)
係合
engage (come into contact or interlock with)
噛合、噛み合い
mesh (to come into or be in working contact with especially by the fitting together of teeth)
係止
lock (to make fast or rigid by the engaging of parts or the action of a restraint especially friction)
嵌合
fit (to insert, apply, or adjust until snugly or correctly in place)
（辞書定義はMerriam-Webster Unabridged）
"The Saudis sought to prevent such calamities by expanding the bridge after more than 360 people died near it in 2006." (INYT, 8SEP2016, page, "Caught in a pilgrimage crush", about Muslim pilgrims killed in a stampede)
この場合in the/a vicinity ofは大袈裟に感じる。aroundだとぐるっと周りのような響き。
near: 近く
in the/a vicinity of:近隣、近傍
Shearing（せん断）, Wikipedia
"Shearing in continuum mechanics（連続体力学）refers to the occurrence of a shear strain（せん断ひずみ）, which is a deformation of a material substance in which parallel internal surfaces slide past one another. It is induced by a shear stress in the material. Shear strain is distinguished from volumetric strain, the change in a material's volume in response to stress.
Often, the verb shearing refers more specifically to a mechanical process that causes a plastic shear strain in a material, rather than causing a merely elastic one. A plastic shear strain is a continuous (non-fracturing) deformation that is irreversible, such that the material does not recover its original shape. It occurs when the material is yielding（曲がり易い）."
"The shear center (also known as the elastic axis or torsional axis) is an imaginary point on a section, where（この場合、この時；＊詳細付加）a shear force can be applied without inducing any torsion. In general, the shear center is not the centroid. For cross-sectional areas having one axis of symmetry, the shear center is located on the axis of symmetry. For those having two axes of symmetry, the shear center lies on（にある）the centroid of the cross-section."
Shearing（せん断、型抜き）, Wikipedia
"Shearing, also known as die cutting,[1] is a process which cuts stock（材料、原料；＊無冠詞）without the formation of chips or the use of burning or melting. In strict technical terms, the process of "shearing" involves the use of straight cutting bladesorm（？）of sheet metal or plates, however rods can also be sheared. Shearing-type operations include: blanking, piercing, roll slitting, and trimming."
"A punch（パンチ）(or moving blade) is used to push a workpiece against the die（ダイ）(or fixed blade), which is fixed. Usually the clearance（間隔）between the two is 5 to 40% of the thickness of the material, but dependent on the material. Clearance is defined as the separation between the blades, measured at the point where the cutting action takes place and perpendicular to the direction of blade movement. It affects the finish of the cut (burr（バリ）) and the machine's power consumption（電力消費）. This causes the material to experience（受ける、生じる）highly localized shear stresses between the punch and die. The material will then fail（破断？）when the punch has moved 15 to 60% the thickness of the material, because the shear stresses are greater than the shear strength of the material and the remainder of the material is torn. Two distinct sections can be seen on a sheared workpiece, the first part being plastic deformation and the second being fractured. Because of normal inhomogeneities in materials and inconsistencies in clearance between the punch and die, the shearing action does not occur in a uniform manner. The fracture will begin at the weakest point and progress to the next weakest point until the entire workpiece（加工対象、被加工物）has been sheared; this is what causes the rough edge. The rough edge can be reduced if the workpiece is clamped from the top with a die cushion. Above a certain pressure the fracture zone can be completely eliminated.[2] However, the sheared edge of the workpiece will usually experience（生じる）workhardening（加工硬化）and cracking. If the workpiece has too much clearance, then it may experience roll-over or heavy burring."
Shear（せん断機）, Wikipedia
US5145019
"A drive -belt 20 couples the engine drive shaft 22, mower drive component on pulley 24 and mower driven pulley 26. Additionally, a second pulley component 28 carried on the engine drive shaft 22 has entrained about it a belt 30 which drives the transaxle transmission pulley 32."
As illustrated in FIG. 2, the belt 20 is entrained about the drive pulley 24, the driven pulley 26, and the spring loaded tensioning pulley 46. A similar drive belt 30 is entrained about the transaxle drive pulley 28 and the transaxle driven pulley 32 to power the transmission 42.
後記18FEB2017
entrainは（？）ネイティブチェックで直された。
US6077041
A drive belt extends around the drive and driven pulleys.
"Referring again to FIG. 1a, idler pulleys 2 each turn on a ball bearing mounted on an arm 24, which is bolted to engine 7. A belt 26, of which only the edges are shown, passes around rotor drive pulley 1, around one of the idler pulleys 2, around drive pulley 3, and around the other idler pulley 2 (FIG. 2), forming a closed loop."
US5277535
"Timing belt 132 extends between the first timing belt pulley 114 and the second timing belt pulley 118. First pulley 114, second pulley 118 and timing belt 132 form the first coupling means for rotating driven shaft 116 at a first speed. Timing belt 132 has teeth on both its inside and outside surfaces. Pulley 114 engages the teeth on the outside surface of timing belt 132. Two belt tighteners 122a and 122b, in the form of idler pulleys with teeth, maintain contact between the outside teeth of belt 132 and pulley 114 for positive drive. Because the outside surface of timing belt 132 engages pulley 114, as opposed to the inner surface, timing belt 132 causes the pulley 118 to rotate clockwise when pulley 114 rotates counterclockwise."
US5827143
"The alternator pulley 24 further includes inboard and outboard pulleys 26, 28 and the first drive belt 12 is trained only about the inboard pulley 26 while the second drive belt 14 is utilized with the outboard pulley 28."
US9102225
"A belt 28 is secured around the accessory drive pulley 26 and is also secured around an electronically controlled clutched pulley 30. Together, the accessory drive pulley 26, belt 28 and clutched pulley 30 define an engine driven torque transfer assembly 31."
US4557710
" The belt 26 extends from the drive pulley 12 and is trained about the clutch control assembly 27 and the axle pulley 25 as will be described below."
7,111,833 Dual disc spring (General Motors Corporation)
Referring to the drawings, wherein like characters represent the same or corresponding parts throughout the several views, there is seen（倒置）in FIG. 1 a dual disc spring 10 having an outer disc section 12, an inner disc section 14, and a fulcrum point 16. The disc sections 12 and 14 are both conically shaped, as that seen in FIG. 2. The conical displacement from the fulcrum 16 is in the same axial direction and opposite radial directions.
The inner disc 14 has a castellated profile 18. The castellated profile could be placed（してもよい、することもできる） in the outer disc section 12 wherein the inner disc section would （仮定法：「その場合は」）then be a continuous disc or conical section. Each of the inner disc and outer disc portions will provide a reaction for loads when the fulcrum 16 is positioned in a stationary location and a load（荷重） is applied through the respective disc portions.
castellated: like a castle, especially with turrets and battlements
When the chamber 32 is pressurized, the piston 26 will move axially rightward（右側、右向き） to engage one of the friction members 44, which will result in a frictional drive connection between the housing 22 and the hub 52 thereby retaining the planetary member connected therewith stationary. As the piston 26 is moved axially rightward, the load within the inner disc spring 14 reacts at the fulcrum point 16, which is positioned stationary within the housing 22 by a conventional locking ring 66.
6,287,233 Powertrain with a five speed planetary transmission (General Motors Corporation)
To establish the fourth forward ratio, the brake 118A is engaged. The one-way clutch 80A will overrun and the clutch 62A will be simultaneously disengaged. In FIG. 3, the node 172B becomes the fulcrum（支点になる） for the lever 168B such that a positive input at the node 166B results in an even more positive output at the node 178B and an overdrive ratio is established.
To establish the fifth forward ratio, the simultaneous interchange of the brake 118A and the brake 144A is effected. In FIG. 3, the node 130 becomes a fulcrum for the lever 126B such that a positive input at the node 128B results in a negative reaction at the node 122B. 
5,857,549 Torque transmitting device with a lever apply spring (General Motors Corporation)
Axial movement of the piston 34 results in pivoting of the spring at the lock ring 68 which provides a fulcrum（支点になる） for the lever spring 54. When the fingers 58 engage the friction plate 42 due to axial movement of the piston 34, the plates 42 and plates 44 will be forced into frictional engagement such that torque will be transmitted between the housing 12 and the housing 14.
machine design, Motion 101: The dynamics of shafts and axles
Wordreference.com
axleは回転部材を支持する。
shaftは力を伝達する。
しかし両者はしばしば重なる。
車の「走行」は場面によって変わりますが・・・
走行距離：running distance, travel distance
走行車線：cruising lane, driving lane
走行速度：running speed, travelling speed
走行性能：running performance, travelling performance
走行モード：driving mode, drive mode
ハイブリッド車の「走行用電動機」は？
1) travel electric motor
2) travelling electric motor
3) drive electric motor
4) driving electric motor
5) running electric motor
3), 4)は「駆動」とかち合うから止めたい。
5)は「稼働中、回転中の」に聞こえるような気がする。
やっぱり2)？
「走行モード」もdriveを避けるとすればtravelling modeか？
（エルが二つのtravellingは英国用法らしい）
driveが「駆動」とかち合うとは言っても、自動車の話であれば
運転支援：drive assist
運転手：driver
運転免許：driver's licence
運転席：driver's seat
等が適切と思います・・・が、operation assist, operator, operator's licenceでもいんじゃね？みたいな。
いっそ、
走行=travel
駆動=drive
運転=operate
でいいか。
機械翻訳ではないから、臨機応変に対応する必要があると思いますし、それに対する分のお金もいただけるのだと思います。しかし、臨機応変と言っても全体の背景（分野、語彙）等から判断している部分も多々ある訳で、それらはいずれ機械でできるようになるんではないかと思います。
同様のことは、単語同士の修飾関係、関係代名詞の係りの判断等にも言えると思います。
まあ、最低あと10年くらいは大丈夫なんでしょうか？
17APR2015追記
travel alarm clock:旅行用目覚まし時計
やっぱり「走行」との日本語との対応からも、"running electric motor"がいいような気がする。
running member:運動部材、回転体（テクニカルライター英和辞典、光明誠一編、三省堂）
running clearance:回転クリアランス（同上）
running fit:遊合（同上）
機械で「AがBに設けられている」のような原文で時々悩みます。
(1) A is attached to B.（取り付け）
(2) A is mounted on B.（搭載）
(3) A is installed on B.(設置）
(4) A is fitted to B.（取り付け？）
(5) A is disposed on B.（配設）
結局、(5)でいいような。要するに「配設」と同じじゃね？と今更気づきました。(4)は原文で時々見かける気がして、ニュアンス的にこれがいいんじゃないかと思っていた時期もありますが、fitの意味を改めて調べてみると"to supply with that which is needed"(Dictionary.com)以外の定義は「設ける」とイマイチ合致しないような気がして今は不安です。
追記（2014/01/26)
しかし辞書によってはfitの定義として、確かにputやfixの意味(fit a lighting device to the ceilingとか）もあるし、実際構造を説明する英文でよく見かけるので、「設ける」や「取り付ける」等の翻訳時に使える場合があると思います。
追記（2014/04/05)
設ける：結局、具体的な状況に応じて様々。Xenom様のサイト参照。
install; provide; dispose; attach; equip; fit; furnish; arrange, etc.
追記（2014/10/30)
mount ... to...で「取り付ける」のパターンも多い。be fitted with...「取り付けられている」も多い。
「加締める」の訳語はswage, crimp, caulk等ありますが、正確な違いがどうもよく分かりません。
棒やパイプ等の軸にスリーブを「加締め」て固定するような場合は多分swageがいいのかなという気はします。
ヨットなどの索具を固定する文脈の例文Swage Fitting
crimpも「加締め」でOKの場合もあると思いますが、画像検索すると圧倒的に端子の圧着画像が出てくることからも、「圧着」に対応する場合が多いような気がします。
caulk (calk):隙間を埋める、コーキング
US6826819 Method for making a ventless tire mold
individual pitches are then matingly interengaged in a puzzle-like fashion（凹凸状に；嵌り合って）
upper and lower clamshell halves that are brought into sealing engagement with each other with a green tirecarcass therein（封止状、気密に、密封状）
当ブログの例文について
本ブログの「特許英語散策」等題した部分では、英語の例文を管理人の独断と偏見で収集し、適宜訳文・訳語を記載しています。
訳文等は原則として対応日本語公報をそのまま写したものです。私個人のコメント部分は（大抵）”＊”を付しています。
訳語は多数の翻訳者の長年の努力の結晶ですが、誤訳、転記ミスもあると思いますのでご注意ください。
