The Target

このスパイアクション小説の著者David Baldacciはまったく知りませんでしたが、ベストセラーリストに載っていたので読んでみました。ハードボイルドって言うんでしょうか、カッコいい会話と、スピーディーな物語展開で、ぐいぐい引き込まれました。

北朝鮮と米国の、国の威信をかけた戦い。ドラマHomelandを思わせる権力者の苦悩と、両国諜報員の超人的な奮闘。007的なワールドワイドな展開と、映画「Heat」も真っ青の銃撃戦！

Gulagは人間の心まで破壊してしまうのか？いよいよアルマゲドンか？老眼が始まって合わなくなってきた眼鏡で疲れた眼を堪えながらも読みたくなる、そんな本でした。

構成、constitute

「（物を）構成する」の訳語としてconstituteを使うことには何となく抵抗（抽象的な響きのような気がして）があったが、物の説明でも別に問題ないと思った。

rafter: one of several internal beams extending from the eaves to the peak of a roof and constituting its framework. (The New Oxford Americal Dictionary, Kindle)

22OCT2014追記
網膜を構成する細胞：
cells constituting the retina
cells forming the retina
cells comprising the retina
cells making up the retina
cells included in the retina
cells of the retina
cells of which the retina is made

タイヤを構成する部材：
members constituting a tire
members comprising a tire
members forming a tire
members of a tire
members of which a tire is made

一体本当はどれが良いのか・・・？

What's So Great About Christianity

40代も後半を過ぎてようやく、自分の人生もいつか終わるということが実感となってきた。考えてみれば人生は残酷で空恐ろしい・・・。しかし考えなければ何でもない。幸か不幸か、人間は忘れることができる。でないと生きてられない。

10年位前だったか、映画「メメント」を観たときはただ面白い映画だと思った。記憶が10分だか15分しか続かない主人公だったが、今思えばあれは自分のことだと気付いた。悲しい、辛い、キツイ出来事があっても、いつの間にか忘れている。相変わらず、愚かな行為を繰り返している。

結局、目の前の現実しかない。過去は夢で、未来は妄想だ。

とは言っても夢を見、妄想するのが人間だから、問わざるを得ない。いつか終わるこの生に意味はあるのか？死んだらどうなる？残された者の悲しみを癒す言葉、物語が欲しい。だから各地で宗教が生まれたんだろう。リチャード・ドーキンスだって、愛する人の病床で、神や仏、あるいは御先祖様に祈りたくならないだろうか？いくら人間を含む動物の存在は進化論の結果であって、髭面爺さんが創造したんじゃないと普段言い張っても、やっぱり親や友人の墓標に時には膝をついて花を手向け、頭を垂れたくなるんじゃないだろうか？それはただ、故人を偲んで悲しむという、人間として普通の感情に身を任せているだけで、神の存在は信じていないと言うかも知れない。慰めの作り話は要らないと言うのかもしれない。しかし、多くの人は慰めを必要としている。何らかの説明が欲しい。そして、科学はあんまり慰めにならない。

この本What's So Great about Christianityの著者Dinesh D'Souza氏は以下のように主張している。

ドーキンス、カール・セーガン、Ｓ．ワインバーグ等の科学者は宗教、特にキリスト教を攻撃している。攻撃の理由の一つは宗教の名において行われる殺戮や弾圧だが、実際は共産主義者や国家主義者らのatheistによる悲劇の方が規模が大きい。

ガリレオが異端審判で有罪になったのは天動説を唱えたことが直接の理由ではない。

agnosticsは一見慎ましい態度だが、死後裁きを受けて天国に行けないのだから、実質的にatheistである。

世界的に宗教人口は増えており、必要性が高まっている。

キリスト教は理性的な宗教で、理性的に考えれば宇宙の存在を説明するためには神の存在が必然である。

理性は限界がある。奇跡は無いとは科学で証明できない、科学は仮定であって現実の一部を説明しているに過ぎない。

世界から悪は無くならないが、それは神が人間の自由意思を重んじているからだ。善人も苦難に遭うが、そもそも命は神のものだ。

進化論と創造論は矛盾しない。 

等々。 

成程と思う部分も多いが、よく分からない部分も多い。

例えば、「神とは髭爺さんではなく、"That than which no greater can be thought"である」。

これ、正直よく意味が分かりません。仮に「思考を超えた存在」と訳すとなんとなく分かったような気になります。著者はこう言いたいのかな～？と：

「神の定義は「思考を超えた存在」 である。したがって、理知的な人が考えれば、この宇宙の存在理由、原因を説明するためには神は必然的に存在する。だって、神は「思考を超えた存在」であって、まだ我々の思考、科学では宇宙の存在理由、原因等に明確に答えられないから、神の存在を前提にしないとそれらを説明できない。」

でも、"that than which no greater can be thought"ってことはThatまでは思考の範囲内のはずで、それを超えては考えられない存在のはずだ。つまり神は「思考できる究極の存在、思考の頂点にある存在」であるはず。著者もその意図らしい。

さらに著者は続けて、というか昔のAnselmという人の理屈の説明で、"if 'that than which no greater can be thought' exists in the mind, then it must also exist in reality"だそう。「そんな究極の存在が頭の中で考えられるなら、現実に存在するはずだ」、なぜなら、"What is possible and actual is obviously greater than what is merely possible"。神の上記定義からして、神は「必然的に」現実に存在するんだよ～。

さっぱり分からない・・・。この主張に対してChristopher Hitchensという人が"it is childish reasoning to infer the object from the mere idea of it"として反論しているというが、確かにそう思う。想像できるからって、どうして現実に存在すると言えるの？神は「思考の究極の存在」であるはずで、だからこそ思考、想像できる訳で、でもどうしてそれが必然的に実在につながるの？

どうも私の頭では分かりません。

しかし大体その他の点は私の多くの疑問に真っ向から答えてくれる。全体的に理性に訴える内容で、必ずしも納得いきませんが面白い本でした。

でもやっぱり仏教の輪廻転生の方が受け入れ易い。

 

 

US7059447(Automotive vehicle steering system)

US7059447(Ford Global Technologies, Inc.)

1. An automotive vehicle（自動車車両） steering system comprising: a steered wheel（転舵輪）; and an actuator for turning the steered wheel about（中心として） a turning axis to steer the wheel; the actuator comprising a housing that comprises an interior enclosed by an axially extending side wall having opposite axial ends; a shaft that has a longitudinal axis coaxial with the housing side wall, an interior axial end disposed within the interior of the housing and an exterior axial end that is exterior to （外部）the interior of the housing; an electric motor comprising a rotor that is disposed within the interior of the housing for rotation about an axis that is coaxial with the shaft axis, the rotor comprising a cylindrical rotor tube comprising an open axial end through which the shaft coaxially passes, and which is rotatable about the coaxis（同軸、共軸？） of the shaft and rotor, the motor further comprising a stator for operating the rotor to rotate the rotor tube; an internal screw thread（ネジ山） on the rotor tube; an external screw thread on the shaft; a set of transmission rollers operatively coupling（作動的結合） the internal screw thread and the external screw thread to provide for bi-directional transmission of motion between the rotor tube and the shaft such that rotation of the rotor tube causes the shaft to move axially of （の軸方向に）the housing and axial motion of the shaft causes rotation of the rotor tube; and a coupling that couples the exterior axial end of the shaft to the wheel; wherein the transmission rollers comprise identical screw threads meshing with（噛み合い） the internal and external screw threads, and in which the internal, external, and transmission roller screw threads all have the same number of threads per unit of（単位当たり） axial length. 

最新技術、現状技術、現在の技術：
1) "The state of the art shows that it is known to utilize an electric powered actuator in an automotive vehicle steering system to aid in turning steered wheels on opposite sides of a vehicle"

2) "The state of the art also reveals another type of steering system"

転舵、操舵：
1) "The steered wheels（転舵輪＝車輪） are turned（転舵） by a steering wheel that is coupled through a steering column shaft to a pinion of a mechanical steering gear that imparts linear motion to a steering rack that is coupled to the steered wheels." 

2) "As the steering wheel（操舵輪＝ハンドル） is turned（操舵）, a shaft of the electric powered actuator translates linearly to aid the motion of the rack by supplying a major share of the force that turns the wheels." 

3) "In a four wheel vehicle, front wheels alone may be steered（転舵、操舵）, or all four wheels may be steered."

"A steered wheel of a vehicle imposes（強いる、課す） certain requirements on linear force that a shaft of an electric actuator must exert in order to turn the wheel."
試訳
１）車輌の転舵輪は、該車輪の転舵のために電動アクチュエータのシャフトが生ずる必要のある線形力が特定の要求を満たすことを強いる。
２）車輌の車輪の転舵には電動アクチュエータのシャフトから線形の力を加える必要がある。この線形の力は該転舵輪の課す特定の要求を満たさなければならない。

追記10JUNE2014
転舵も操舵も要するに実際はsteerだと思う。しかし原文日本語で明確に区別している場合は転舵＝turn、操舵＝steerで統一したほうが良いと思う。"steered wheel"は「被操舵輪」というべきか？
あるいは、「転舵輪」は"rudder wheel"?

追記7AUG2014
車輪を転舵する：
At higher speeds the system will turn the rear wheels slightly in the direction of the front wheels so as to increase stability and control.（四輪操舵、Wikipedia）

"The force that is imposed on the actuator shaft by the wheel or wheels that the actuator turns is therefore reflected as torque load imposed on a rotary portion of the actuator."
従って、アクチュエータが転舵する車輪により該アクチュエータに課される力は、アクチュエータの回転部分に課されるトルク負荷として反映される。

構成、構造：
"The present invention relates to vehicle steering systems comprising electric actuators having a construction that is believed to endow the system with improved torque transmission and/or torque-to-force conversion characteristics, especially in regard to bi-directional motion characteristics."

生み出す、生ずる、得られる：
"More widespread use of such an improved system may yield favorable cost benefits to a manufacturer who mass produces automotive vehicle steering systems." 

専用：
"Providing each steered wheel with its own devoted actuator may afford certain advantages in the design of a vehicle" 

任意：
"For example, any given actuator may be situated in an orientation in a vehicle that is either the same as, or different from, the orientations of other actuators." 

平面視：
"Examples of various general orientations, as viewed in plan, are longitudinal (fore and aft), lateral (perpendicular to longitudinal), and transverse (neither longitudinal nor lateral)." 

対応する：
"FIG. 1 is a representative plan view, somewhat schematic, of a vehicle wheel and an associated wheel steering actuator embodying principles（複数） of the invention." 

断面：
"FIG. 2 is a cross section view on a slightly larger scale taken in the direction of arrows 2--2 in FIG. 1." 

詳細：
"Detail of actuator 12 is shown in FIGS. 2-5." 

連結器、結合器、結合部：
"A coupling 32, such as a ball joint for example, (see FIG. 1) may couple the free end of shaft 28 to wheel 10." 

傾ける、傾斜：
"The spindle is mounted for turning about a turning axis 34 that is generally vertical, but may be canted from true vertical for reasons related to various steering and suspension considerations that do not bear directly on the present invention." 

（上面図）

軸方向両端：
"At opposite axial ends, housing 14 is closed by respective end walls 44, 46" 

軸支、回転自在に支える：
1) "Bearing assemblies 58, 60 journal opposite end portions of rotor tube 56 on the interior of housing 14 to make the rotor tube rotatable about the coaxis 30 of shaft 28 and rotor 54." 

2) "Transmission rollers 76 are maintained in set 74 by journaling their ends in holes in support rings 80, 82 that fit over and are affixed to shaft 28 at opposite ends of the transmission rollers."

journal (v):
to support on, provide with, or make into a journal; to support on a bearing; to connect by means of a journal

journal (n):
the part of a rotating shaft, axle, roll, or spindle that turns in a bearing

comprise(=include):
"An electric motor 52 is housed within housing 14 and comprises a rotor 54 disposed within the housing interior for rotation about an axis that is coaxial with axis 30. Rotor 54 comprises a cylindrical rotor tube 56 which is open at least at the axial end through which shaft 28 coaxially passes. ...An intermediate portion of rotor tube 56 contains a motor armature comprising permanent magnets 62. Motor 52 further comprises a stator 64 for operating rotor 54 to rotate rotor tube 56. Stator 64 may comprise an electric motor winding 66"

通電、付勢：
"an electric motor winding 66 that is energized by controller 13 to create a rotating magnetic field that interacts with magnets 62 to impart torque to rotor tube 56." 

励磁、励起：exicte

冠詞：
"Suitable wiring delivers transmitter signals to controller 13 and power for operating motor 52."（無冠詞）

制約、抑制：
"Although rotor tube 56 is journaled for rotation, it is constrained against axial motion along axis 30." 

内側、内面：
"An internal screw thread 68, that（文法的にはwhichでは？） is helical about axis 30, is disposed on the interior of rotor tube 56." 


取り付ける、組み付ける：
"The screw thread may be either cut into the wall of the rotor tube, or contained in a separate part that is assembled to the rotor tube." 

参照番号：
"Each screw thread 68, 70 has the same number of threads per inch" 

歯元面：
"The basic major diameter of screw thread 70 as measured across an imaginary cylinder defined by the crest of the thread flanks is smaller than the basic major diameter of screw thread 68, similarly measured, to provide a circular annular space for accommodating a set 74 of transmission rollers 76." 

(From Wikipedia)

態様で、ように：
"Each transmission roller 76 comprises a helical screw thread 78 which acts in a manner which is capable of transmitting motion bi-directionally between shaft 28 and rotor tube 56 as described above." 

トルクを生み出す：
"When sufficient torque is developed by motor 52 to rotate rotor tube 56, screw thread 68 of the latter acts via transmission rollers 76 to translate shaft 28." 

思われる、考えられる：
"It is believed that the difference between the helix angle of the thread of transmission rollers 76 and that of screw thread 68 on the one hand and the difference between the helix angle of the thread of transmission rollers 76 and that of screw thread 70 on the other hand provide interfaces that endow the actuator with its bi-directional motion transmission capabilities." 

離間：
"Opposite end convolutions of each transmission roller's screw thread 78 are machined to create short axial grooves 83 that are mutually parallel and equally spaced about the transmission roller axis to form what is equivalent to integral pinions 84 at opposite ends of each transmission roller." 

近接、隣接、近く：
"The pinion 84 proximate support ring 80 meshes with a pinion 86 provided around the perimeter of shaft 28 proximate one end of screw thread 70" 

遊星運動する：
"The interaction between the transmission roller pinions 84 and pinions 86 is believed to impart a beneficial turning of each transmission roller as the actuator operates, thereby planetating the transmission rollers." 

US5094806(Blow molding of thermoplastic polymeric compositions containing a fluorinated olefin)

US5094806(The Dow Chemical Company)

1. A method of blow molding an article, comprising 

(a) providing a composition which consists essentially of a mixture of 

(i) one or more of the members of the group consisting of 

(A) polyamide; (B) polyester; (C) poly(methyl methacrylate); (D) polyolefin homopolymer; (E) poly(phenylene ether); (F) polystyrene; (G) polyurethane; (H) acrylonitrile/butadiene/styrene/copolymer; (I) acrylonitrile/EPDM/styrene copolymer where EPDM is ethylene/propylene/diene rubber; (J) acrylonitrile/styrene/alkyl acetate copolymer; (K) ethylene/carbon monoxide copolymer; (L) styrene/acrylonitrile copolymer; (M) a blend of (1) poly(phenylene ether), (2) polystyrene, and (3) a vinyl aromatic/conjugated diene（共役ジエン） di- or tri-block copolymer; and 

(ii) a fluorinated（フッ素化） olefinic polymer or copolymer which is present in a melt strength increasing amount（溶融強度を増大させる量） of about 0.001 percent to about 5 percent of said composition by weight（重量で）; 

(b) melt processing （溶融加工）said composition into a hollow preform wherein the melt strength of said hollow preform is increased by the（冠詞） presence of said fluorinated olefinic polymer or copolymer; and 

(c) blow molding said article from said hollow preform. 

代名詞：
1) "This invention relates to an improved process for blow molding thermoplastic compositions, more particularly relates to a process for modifying thermoplastic polymeric materials or resins to make them more useful for blow molding purposes, and relates also to such modified compositions and articles blow molded therefrom." 

2) "polyetheretherketone, including that which is prepared by the polycondensation under anhydrous conditions of a bisphenol"

3) "Fibril-forming PTFE is typically considered to be that which has a structure wherein PTFE particles having an average size of 0.1-0.2 microns are held together by fibrils having diameters from a fourth to a tenth or less of the diameters of the particles. "

成形可能：
"Although many thermoplastic resins have been found to be injection moldable over a broad range of conditions" 

対する要求：
"This is due to the unique demand placed on a thermoplastic material by the blow molding operation." 

冠詞：
"In one aspect of the conventional blow molding operation（"a"としてない）, a cylindrically shaped parison, or preform, of a heat softened thermoplastic material is extruded vertically downward until the parison has attained a pre-selected length" 

挟む、締め付ける：
"A split cavity mold is then closed around the parison, pinching its walls together at least at one end, and optionally at intermediate locations and at the other end as well." 

態様、形態、方法：
1) "Compressed gas（無冠詞） is injected into the parison, either from one of the ends or through one or more blow pins inserted in its side, to inflate the parison against the sides of the mold in a fashion similar to the expansion of a balloon." 

2) "Rubber modification of a polymer, copolymer or blend typically takes the form of a rubbery domain grafted to a thermoplastic matrix."

接触：
"Contact of the thermoplastic material with the mold causes it to cool and harden in the shape of the mold." 

wherein:
1) "Because a parison is formed as a single, integral piece of thermoplastic material, and the inflating medium acts from its interior to shape it with outward pressure, blow molding makes possible the fabrication of "hollow" articles, wherein two or more walls define or contain a completely enclosed space, or a series of such spaces."

2) "The fluorinated olefinic polymers or copolymers useful in this invention are those wherein fluorine atoms or fluorinated organic (e.g. C.sub.1 C.sub.12) side chains have been substituted for the hydrogen atoms on an ethylenic polymeric backbone, and include as examples:"

形状：
"These articles range from as simple a shape as a shampoo bottle to a complex article such as an extensively contoured automotive instrument panel containing multiple interior channels which function as ducts for wiring or for a heating/ventilating/air conditioning system."（広範囲にわたり形状が付された）

肉厚：
"A low level of melt strength in the material from which the parison is extruded can limit the length and diameter of the parison, and thus the size and wall thickness of the object being molded." 

記載：
1) "The use of fibril-forming polytetrafluoroethylene ("PTFE") to increase the melt viscosity and elasticity of high molecular weight organic polymers for use in melt extrusion and thermoforming is set forth in Busse, U.S. Pat. No. 3,005,795." 

2) "The processes for making PTFE described above are discussed in greater detail in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,393,967, 3,855,191 and 4,186,121, each of which is incorporated herein. "

言及されてない：
"However, no mention is made therein of the blow molding process" 

に関しても示唆は無い：
"Nor is any suggestion present therein as to the use of a fluorine-containing olefin polymer or copolymer in conjunction with a blend of two or more organic polymers." 

有する：
"It would accordingly be desirable to have methods, and to have compositions useful in such methods, for employing a variety of fluorinated olefinic polymers or copolymers to increase the melt strength of a variety of thermoplastic polymeric materials or resins to be used in a blow molding operation, thereby improving the quality of articles blow molded from said compositions."（provideの方が自然な気がするが）

この発明は～である：
"In one aspect, this invention is (1) a method of blow molding an article, comprising"

混ぜる、混合する：
"a fluorinated olefinic polymer or copolymer and, optionally, an elastomeric impact modifier, is admixed with thermoplastic polymeric material (or more than one such material) for the purpose of increasing the melt strength of the polymeric material in a blow molding operation, thereby improving the blowability of the polymeric material and the surface quality and the tack seam strength of the article molded."

mixture/admixture/blend/compound/composite/amalgam

重量パーセント：
1) "Suitable ranges of content for the compositions of this invention, by weight percent of the total composition, are as follows: thermoplastic polymeric material about 75% to about 99.999%, fluorinated olefinic polymer or copolymer about 0.001% to about 5%, and elastomeric impact modifier optionally up to about 20%."

2) "A fluorinated olefinic polymer or copolymer is used in this invention in an amount of about 0.001% to about 5% by weight of the thermoplastic composition which is being blow molded."
 
問題を有する：
"a molded article which has a tendency to suffer from surface pitting" 

生ずる：
"the likelihood that the molded article will experience brittle rather than ductile failure when impacted at subambient temperature." （～に～が生ずる）

微粒子状：
"For example, the materials can be dry blended and agitated in particulate form, and the dry blended formulation can later be melt mixed in an extruder as a separate step." 

and/or
"Appropriate solvents for such purpose include, but are not limited to, methylene chloride, acetone, benzaldehyde, aniline, heptane or ethylene glycol." 

thereof:
"Thermoplastic resins such as polymers, copolymers and alloys and blends of two or more thereof, including but not limited to non-carbonate polymers or copolymers, but excluding fluorinated olefinic polymers and copolymers, are ideally suited for use as the thermoplastic polymeric material of this invention." 

同時、ながら：
1) "The polymer particles coagulate as they are formed." 

2) "the melt strength of a blow molding material must resist not only the gravitational pull on the weight of the parison, but the momentum which the parison experiences because of its downward motion as it is extruded from the die."

分詞：
"These methods of producing HFP are discussed in greater detail, respectively, in U.S. Pat. No. 3,758,138 and U.S. Pat. No. 3,047,640, each being incorporated herein." 

ちょうど～のように：
"The fluorinated olefinic polymer or copolymer assists in this process because it appears to possess a high degree of elastic memory and is believed to experience strain relaxation much as a stretched coil spring would upon release from the stretching tension." 
 
ドローダウン：
"When not accompanied by high melt strength, high viscosity alone in the molten extrudate is believed to typically not be sufficient to give the degree of tenacity needed to allow a parison to resist the effects of drawdown and support its own weight during extrusion and during the interval between completion of extrusion and the closing of the mold around it." 

する程度：
"In fact, if a blow molding resin is too viscous, a parison formed therefrom may swell upon extrusion to the extent that its walls are undesirably thickened" 

 

US5055004(Stroke control assembly for a variable displacement compressor)

US5055004(General Motors Corporation)

wobble plate:揺動板
displacement: 容量
swash plate: 斜板

離間：
1) "In this type of compressor, a plurality of cylinders are equally angularly spaced about a cylinder block and compressor housing, and equally radially spaced from the axis of a central drive hub."

2) "The spacing of the drive pins 28 and the mating of the flats 44, 46 prevent skewing of the journal 26 about any other axis."

往復動：
1) "A piston is mounted for reciprocating motion in each of the cylinders."

2) "A journal or swash plate 26 is positioned to provide the actual driving action to reciprocate the pistons 22."

3) "The pistons 22 do not reciprocate in this operative situation."

容量：
"By varying the angle of the socket plate relative to the drive hub, in response to internal differential gas pressure, the stroke of the pistons and, therefore, the displacement or capacity of the compressor is varied."

ジャーナル：
"A drive journal in the form of a disc and associated with the central drive hub is the rotating component that actually engages the socket plate."

実質上、実質的：
"The journal is in substantially parallel driving relationship with the socket plate at all times"

一致：
" When the axes of the socket plate and journal are substantially coincident with the axis of the central drive hub, the compressor is operating at zero compression or zero stroke."

場合：
" Where the axes of the socket plate and journal are at their extreme allowable angle relative to the axis of the drive hub, the compressor is operating at full compression or full stroke."

理解される、分かる：
1) " It can be appreciated that the stroke of the pistons is infinitely adjustable between zero stroke and full stroke as the socket plate and journal pivot from axial coincidence with the central drive hub to the extreme position."

2) "Thus, in this position, it should be appreciated that the pistons 24 are reciprocated through their full stroke."

間の差：
"More particularly, the differential between the internal housing or crankcase pressure and the suction pressure of the compressor determines the angle of the assembly, and accordingly the stroke or displacement of the compressor. While prior art compressors thus rely primarily on the net force created by the compressor housing-suction pressure differential to pivot the assembly."

直線化：
"Such an assembly would thus improve stroke controllability by linearizing the relationship between the overall upstroking/destroking control force and the desired corresponding piston stroke."

wherein:
"Reference is made to the drawing and in particular to FIGS. 1 and 2 wherein is shown a variable displacement socket plate compressor 10"

想定：
" The preferred embodiment of the present invention is contemplated for use with a refrigerant compressor having seven cylinder bores 20."

摺動：
"A piston 22 is slidingly engaged for reciprocable motion within each of the cylinder bores 20."



外側に（まで）延在：
" The drive shaft 25 of the hub 24 extends externally of the compressor housing 16 to engage the driving pulley of an automobile engine (not shown)."

そこから：
"During engine operation, power is transmitted from the engine to the drive shaft 25 and thence to the drive hub 24."

載る、載置：
1) "the journal 26 actually mounts on the drive hub 24 with a pair of spaced, pivotal drive pins 28 received within spaced kidney slots 29 (see FIG. 3) formed on flanges 30."

2) " At present, suffice it to say that this pivotal mounting of the journal 26 on the drive hub 24 causes the journal 26 to rotate with the drive hub."



圧入、プレス嵌め：
1) "The drive pins 28 are press fit into holes in a corresponding set of journal ears 32."

2) "A snap ring 38 and keyway/press fit 39 and a second snap ring 38A and a thrust washer 38B provide for thrust loading of bearing 34 and locks the assembly together."

並列、並置：
" The socket plate 14 is in juxtaposition and nutates with the journal 26, but does not rotate."

固定：
"A combination of two thrust needle bearings 34 and 34A and a radial needle bearing 34B secures the journal 26 to the wobble assembly formed by the socket plate 14 and a Rzeppa joint 36."

分詞：
1) "The angle of the journal 26 relative to the drive hub 24 can be varied or adjusted, thus determining the precise path traveled by the socket plate 14."（結果）

2) "Accordingly, it can be appreciated that these concepts provide not only improved pivoting action of the journal 26 minimizing stress exerted at the driving interface with the socket plate 14"（結果） 

3) the controlled gas pressure in the housing interior 48 acting on the back face of the pistons 22"

4) "The compression spring 56 exerts the force urging the shaft 52 towards the full compression mode along the full range of movement."

最大：
"More specifically, when the journal 26 is positioned at a substantially maximum angle as shown in FIG. 1, the nutating motion of the socket plate 14 is at a maximum."

につれて、伴う：
" The pivoting action of the journal 26 as it follows the drive hub 24 between the zero stroke position and the full stroke position, is particularly shown in FIG. 3."

揺動：
" Thus, the pivoting or swinging motion of the journal 26 with respect to the drive hub 24 (shown in FIG. 3) is limited or restricted, and thus desirably stabilized and controlled."

駆動係合：
" The driving engagement with the socket plate 14 is very stable"

therein:
"The spaced kidney slots 29 are an important part of the stroke control assembly in a similar manner in that the drive pins 28 are controlled by a limited range of motion therein."

至る（？）：
"This controlled movement aids in compressor efficiency by allowing the journal 26 to seek a radially centered position (as viewed in FIG. 3) to further assist in guiding and centering the pistons 22.（ジャーナル26が径方向中心位置に至ることを許容することにより）

協働：
1) "The radially centered stability of the assembly (again reference to FIG. 3) is further assisted by the design of the ball grooves in the Rzeppa joint 36, allowing the socket plate 14 to cooperatively travel with the journal 26." 

2) "The socket plate 14 cooperates with the shaft 52 through the Rzeppa joint 36."

3) "The spring force also coacts with the head pressure of the compressor, providing both an additional upstroking force and further balance around the entire compressor."
 
Rzeppa joint


上述、上記のように：
"As set forth above, the angle of the socket plate 14/journal 26 assembly results primarily from controlling the differential refrigerant gas pressure"

参照番号跨ぎ：
"More particularly, compressor 10 operation is based on the relationship between the pre-set suction pressure that acts on the front face of the pistons 22 during the suction phase"

働く、及ぼされる：
"In full pre-set operation with minimum housing pressure, the net or differential force exerted on the pistons 22 is such as to provide full piston stroke"

参照番号：
"This differential pressure control is provided by a control valve/pressure source, denoted schematically in FIGS. 1 and 2 as numeral 50." 

与える：
"The needle bearing 54 pressed into the rotary drive hub 24 allows the hub to rotate around the shaft 52 without imparting rotary motion thereto." 

換言すれば：
"To put it another way, as spring 56 urges the shaft 52 away from the valve plate 58, the socket plate 14/journal 26 assembly is urged towards the full stroke position."