質量分析

US9548194(特表2016-524776)
"1. An ion trap comprising: a plurality of electrodes which define a toroidal or annular（環状）ion confining volume that extends around a central axis; a first device arranged and adapted to（配置及び適合）apply one or more DC voltages to said plurality of electrodes in order to generate a DC potential well which acts（作用）to confine ions in a radial direction within said toroidal or annular ion confining volume, wherein said radial direction is substantially perpendicular to said central axis; and a control system arranged and adapted to non-mass selectively eject ions from said toroidal or annular ion confining volume."

"8. An ion trap as claimed in claim 2, wherein substantially all ions within the ion trap are ejected（放出）from the ion trap at substantially the same time or in the same ion ejection pulse（同じイオン放出パルスで）; or wherein ions having a range of different mass to charge ratios（質量電荷比）are ejected from the ion trap at substantially the same time or in the same ion ejection pulse; or wherein ions having a range of different mass to charge ratios are ejected from the ion trap at substantially the same time or in the same ion ejection pulse, wherein the ratio of the maximum mass to charge ratio ejected to the minimum mass to charge ratio ejected is selected from: >1.1; >1.2; >1.4; >1.6; >1.8; >2; >2.5; >3; >4; >5; or >10."

"U.S. Pat. No. 6,872,938 and U.S. Pat. No. 7,425,699 each disclose a method of introducing ions into an electrostatic ion trap or mass analyser. A storage device is provided comprising（有する～が設けられる）a curved RF confined rod set known as a C-trap in which ions are trapped by application of trapping voltages at the entrance and exit ends. However, the C-trap suffers from the problem of（欠点、問題、課題を有する）having a limited trapping capacity due to space charge effects. This restricts the performance of the downstream electrostatic ion trap or mass analyser."

"FIG. 1A shows a perspective view of a device according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. A toroidal ion trap is shown and comprises an upper planar electrode plate or array 1 and a corresponding lower planar electrode plate or array 2. The central axes of the electrode plates are aligned so as to form a central axis of the toroidal ion trap that extends in the y-direction. The electrode plates extend radially outwards from the central axis, in the radial direction r, in planes that are perpendicular to the central axis. The electrode plates 1,2 are preferably constructed from（から構成）Printed Circuit Board ("PCB") material. Each of the electrode plates 1,2 is preferably annular in shape and preferably has a hole at the centre, through which the central axis of the ion trap extends.

In order to fill the ion trap with ions, an ion beam is preferably arranged to be incident upon（入射するように配置）the ion trap in a direction as indicated by arrow 3. This direction may be substantially perpendicular to the radial direction of the ion trap. The circumferentially open structure provided by the planar electrode plates 1,2 allows ions to be easily injected between the electrodes plates 1,2 and into one or more confining DC potential wells that are set up by the electrode plates, as will be described with reference to FIG. 1B. Ions are preferably injected into the ion trap in a direction that is substantially perpendicular to the radial direction of the ion trap, or substantially tangentially to（接線方向に）the toroidal ion trapping volume, so that ions are preferably given the maximum time to cool or lose kinetic energy due to collisions with residual buffer gas present in the device as they enter the DC confining field."

US9343276(特表2015-503746)
"1. A system for scoring peaks of a known compound of interest（着目、注目、関心）from a collection of mass spectra, comprising: a separation device that separates one or more compounds from a sample mixture; a mass spectrometer that performs at each time interval of a plurality of time intervals one or more mass spectrometry scans on the separating sample mixture using one or more sequential mass window widths in order to span（及ぶ、亘る）an entire mass range producing（～して、～を生成する；＊分詞：結果）a mass spectrum for each sequential mass window width, one or more mass spectra for the entire mass range for each time interval of the plurality of time intervals and a collection of mass spectra for the plurality of time intervals; and a processor that (a) selects a fragment ion of a known compound, (b) calculates an extracted ion chromatogram (XIC) for the fragment ion from the collection of mass spectra, wherein the XIC includes an intensity of the fragment ion for each time interval of the plurality of time intervals, and (c) if two or more XIC peaks corresponding to the fragment ion are found in the XIC at two or more different time intervals, obtains a mass spectrum of the entire mass range from the collection of mass spectra for each of the two or more different time intervals, producing two or more entire mass range mass spectra, compares values of one or more ion characteristics of a mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) peak of the fragment ion in each entire mass range mass spectrum of the two or more entire mass range mass spectra to one or more known values for the fragment ion, and bases a score of each XIC peak of the two or more XIC peaks of the fragment ion on the results（基礎とすることによって、前記１つ以上のピークの各ピークをスコア化する）of the comparison.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more ion characteristics comprise（含む）charge state.

"Mass spectrometers are often coupled with chromatography or other separation systems in order to identify and characterize eluting（溶出）compounds of interest from a sample. In such a coupled system, the eluting solvent is ionized and a series of mass spectra are obtained from the eluting solvent at specified time intervals. These time intervals range from, for example, 1 second to 100 minutes or greater. The series of mass spectra form a chromatogram.

Peaks found in the chromatogram are used to identify or characterize a compound of interest in the sample. In complex mixtures（複合混合物）, however, interference with other peaks having the same mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) can make it difficult to determine a peak representing a compound of interest. In some cases, no information is available regarding the expected retention time of the compound of interest. In other cases, an approximate retention time of the compound of interest may be known. However, even in this latter case, the exact peak of the compound of interest can be ambiguous if the sample is complex or if there is more than a small amount of retention time variation between samples. As a result, it is often difficult to identify or characterize the compound of interest in these cases."

"FIG. 1 is a block diagram that illustrates（示すブロック図）a computer system 100, upon which embodiments of the present teachings may be implemented. Computer system 100 includes a bus 102 or other communication mechanism for communicating information, and a processor 104 coupled with bus 102 for processing information. Computer system 100 also includes a memory 106, which can be a random access memory (RAM) or other dynamic storage device, coupled to bus 102 for storing（＊"memory 106, ... for storing"；ＡＩでも分かるだろう）instructions to be executed by processor 104. Memory 106 also may be used for storing temporary variables or other intermediate information during execution of instructions to be executed by processor 104. Computer system 100 further includes a read only memory (ROM) 108 or other static storage device coupled to bus 102 for storing static information and instructions for processor 104. A storage device 110, such as a magnetic disk or optical disk, is provided and coupled to bus 102 for storing information and instructions."

"Computer system 100 may be coupled via bus 102 to a display 112, such as a cathode ray tube (CRT) or liquid crystal display (LCD), for displaying information to a computer user. An input device 114, including alphanumeric and other keys, is coupled to bus 102 for communicating information and command selections to processor 104. Another type of user input device is cursor control 116, such as a mouse, a trackball or cursor direction keys for communicating direction information and command selections to processor 104 and for controlling cursor movement on display 112. This input device typically has two degrees of freedom in two axes, a first axis (i.e.,（すなわち）x) and a second axis (i.e., y), that allows the device to specify positions in a plane（平面上；＊on a planeでない）."

US6498342(特表2004-504696)
"1. A method of separating ions in time（時間的に）, comprising the steps of: separating a bulk of ions（イオン塊）in time as a function of a first molecular characteristic; sequentially（順次）separating in time as a function of ion mobility at least some of said ions previously separated in time as said function of a first molecular characteristic; and sequentially separating in time as a function of ion mass at least some of said ions previously separated in time as said function of ion mobility.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein said first molecular characteristic is ion mass-charge ratio（質量電荷比）.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein said first molecular characteristic is ion mobility（イオン移動度）.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein said first molecular characteristic is ion retention time（イオン保留時間）."

WO2013061097(特表2014-535049)
"59. A mass spectrometer as claimed in any of claims 33-58, further comprising a Time of Flight mass analyser（飛行時間型質量分析器）or an ion trap mass analyser."

US20150279650(特表2015-532522)
"1. A multi-reflecting time-of-flight mass spectrometer（多重反射飛行時間型質量分析計）comprising: a pulsed ion source or a pulsed converter; at least two parallel electrostatic ion minors（＊mirrorsの誤記）having a field-free region spaced there between, wherein each of said ion minors has at least one electrode with attracting potential（引き寄せ電位）, and wherein each of the ion minors is made of（製作）a ring cap electrode and two sets of coaxial ring electrodes to form a cylindrical volume between outer and inner electrode sets, and further wherein a mean radius of the cylindrical volume is larger than one sixth of distance between mirror caps, and even further wherein one of said ion minors or said field free space comprises（備え）at least one ring electrode for radial ion deflection; means for limiting ion divergence in the tangential direction; and a pulsed ion source or a pulsed converter for generating ion packets with the phase space in the tangential direction of less than 1 mm*deg."

US7906301(特表2008-542724)
"5. The method of claim 2, wherein the detecting is by a mass spectrometric selected from the group consisting of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry（マトリックス支援レーザー脱離/イオン化・飛行時間型質量分析法）(MALDI-TOF), liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry（液体クロマトグラフィーエレクトロスプレーイオン化タンデム質量分析法）(LC-ESI -MS/MS), or surface enhanced laser desorption ionization (SELDI) mass spectrometry（表面増強レーザー脱離イオン化(SELDI)質量分析法）."

US8073635(特表2011-512534)
"15. The mass spectrometry system of claim 14, wherein the mass spectrometer comprises a time of flight mass spectrometer（飛行時間型質量分析計）."

"18. The mass spectrometry system of claim 14, wherein the mass spectrometer comprises a Fourier transform mass spectrometer（フーリエ変換質量分析計）."

"Quantitation（定量化）by mass spectrometry is conventionally performed with a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer（三連四重極質量分析計）using a multiple reaction monitoring（多重反応モニタリング）(MRM) method that selects certain product and precursor ion combinations to provide the best sensitivity and signal-to-noise. A linear dynamic range of three to five orders of magnitude（桁の）can often be achieved by such a system. A triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer replacing the third quadrupole（四重極）(QqTOF) can also be used for quantitation, with the advantage that much higher mass resolution can be achieved. However, intense product ions（生成物イオン）can saturate the detector of a QqTOF mass spectrometer, limiting its linear dynamic range to only two to three orders of magnitude."

US9564302(特表2016-526672)
"Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique（分析技法）for determining the elemental composition of test substances with both qualitative and quantitative applications. For example, MS can be useful for identifying unknown compounds, determining the isotopic composition of elements in a molecule, determining the structure of a particular compound by observing its fragmentation（断片化）, and quantifying the amount of a particular compound in a sample. Mass spectrometers have been widely used in the fields of（分野）chemistry and physics for over a century, and increasingly in biology over the past several decades. Sub-disciplines such as environmental monitoring for pollutants, forensic analysis for drugs of abuse and toxins, biomedical research, clinical disease diagnostics, food analysis, material science, and others, have been utilizing atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometers（大気圧イオン化質量分光計）toward great practical value and to help achieve significant advancements in these fields. Large numbers of highly complex samples have been interrogated for（調べられ）the identity and quantity of a variety of chemical constituents at levels as low as parts per trillion.

As a result, mass spectrometry instrumentation（質量分光法機器）has evolved toward increased selectivity as mass spectrometric detection and quantification of analytes contained within complex matrices generally requires high resolution separation techniques to reduce the effect of interfering species within the sample. Despite advances in MS that have enabled high-resolution mass analyzers（高分解能質量分析器）to distinguish target species from interfering species within about 0.01 Th, it is not always feasible（実行できる、実用的）or possible to use a high-resolution mass analyzer to separate interfering species, for example, due to availability, cost, and/or experimental conditions.

Accordingly, various approaches for increasing the resolution of analytes have been developed including, for example, improved sample preparation techniques prior to ionization such as liquid chromatography, derivatization（誘導体化）prior to LC separation, solid-phase extraction（固相抽出）, or turbulent-flow chromatography. Additionally, various techniques have been developed to separate charged species within an ionized sample based on characteristics beyond mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). By way of example, whereas MS generally analyzes ions based on differences in m/z, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and other ion mobility separation（イオン移動度分離）techniques (e.g., differential mobility spectrometry（微分移動度分光測定法）(DMS), high field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS), Field Ion Spectrometry (FIS)) instead separate ions based upon other factors such as size, shape, and charge state as ions drift through a gas (typically at atmospheric pressure) in an electric field"

US20140346361(特表2014-527276)
"The parent ions are then fragmented（分解）or reacted and fragment ions are correlated with the parent ions on the basis of their respective distributions according to the second parameter."

EP1932164(特表2009-508307)
"14. A method of Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry（フーリエ変換イオンサイクロトロン共鳴質量分析法の方法）comprising the steps of:
a) introducing (402) a sample having a plurality of molecules into an ionization source (302) of a mass spectrometer;
b) ionizing (402) the plurality of molecules resulting in（イオン化し、その結果；＊分詞：することにより～となる）a plurality of ions having a mass to charge ratio, hereinafter referred to as M/Z. range; the M/Z range comprising a plurality of M/Z sub-ranges (206, 208);
c) passing (404) through（通過させる、通す）a pre-ICR mass separation and filtering device (306) a first packet of ions having a first M/Z sub-range from the plurality of ions;
d) collecting (408) the first packet of ions;
e) transferring (410) the first packet of ions to a first ICR cell (316) using a first time of flight delay appropriate for the first M/Z sub-range;
f) concurrently with the transferring the first packet of ions step (e) passing (416) through said pre-ICR mass separation and filtering device (306) a second packet of ions having a second M/Z sub-range from the plurality of ions;
g) resolving（分解）and detecting (412) ions comprised within the first packet of ions using the first ICR cell;
h) collecting (418) the second packet of ions ;
i) transferring (422) the second packet of ions to a second ICR cell (314) using a second time of flight delay appropriate for the second M/Z sub-range; and
j) resolving and detecting (424) ions comprised within the second packet of ions using the second ICR cell (314)."

US20150293058(特表2015-537201)
"The inventors have recognized and appreciated that, unlike some techniques that require analyzing an MS³ spectrum, or that utilize a proton transfer reaction, embodiments of the present application do not require any additional gas-phase purification steps and may therefore result in higher sensitivity and faster data acquisition. The inventors have recognized and appreciated that the high mass accuracy and resolution mass-spectrometers allow the quantification of peptides using TMT^C ions. As an alternative to using the low m/z reporter ions in the MS² spectrum, embodiments quantify differences between the various samples based on TMT^C ions. The complementary ions carry the equivalent quantitative information about the relative levels of the differentially labeled peptides as the low m/z reporter ions, but are minimally affected by interfering peptide ions（干渉ペプチドイオン）. While the low-mass m/z reporter ions are isomeric and therefore undistinguishable regarding their origin from target or contaminating ions, the resulting TMT^C ions from target and contaminating ions（夾雑イオン）are expected to show differences in their m/z values, which makes them distinguishable using modern mass spectrometry."

EP2286237(特表2011-521244)
"[0080] As discussed above, when the sample is a complex mixture step c) may select a number of ions including the target analyte and other contaminating ions（夾雑イオン）having the same mass. Accordingly, analysis of the mass marker groups from the mass labels attached to all ions selected in step c) would provide quantitation（定量）results which do not accurately represent the quantity of the target analyte. To overcome this limitation step e) provides a further selection step of the target analyte to be passed through for further analysis. The mass to charge ratio equivalent to an ion of a fragment of the target analyte comprising at least one intact mass label ensures that contaminating molecules selected in step c) are removed from the mass spectrum."

US20160155624(特表2016-520967)
"[0129] It is understood that assemblies described designs in FIG. 8 to FIG. 10 allow forming multiple other particular configurations and combinations of the described elements forming hybrid ion channels and guides with planar, curved, conical or cylindrical ion channels, communicating with an array of individual channels. The particular configurations are expected to be optimized based on the desired parameters of individual devices, such as space charge capacity, ion transfer velocity（イオン移動速度）, accuracy of the assembly, insulation stability, electrode electrical capacity, etc."

WO0169646(特表2003-527734)
"High sensitivity and amenability to（し易さ、適合性）miniaturization for field-portable applications have helped to make ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) an important technique for the detection of many compounds, including narcotics, explosives, and chemical warfare agents as described, for example, by G. Eiceman and Z. Karpas in their book entitled"Ion Mobility Spectrometry" (CRC, Boca Raton, 1994). In IMS, gas-phase ion mobilities are determined using a drift tube with a constant electric field. Ions are gated into the drift tube and are subsequently separated in dependence upon differences in their drift velocity. The ion drift velocity（イオン移動速度）is proportional to the electric field strength at low electric field strength, for example 200 V/cm, and the mobility, K, which is determined from experimentation, is independent of the applied electric field"