並べて

US2018031757(3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES CO [US])
[0095] Each split spreading structure 542 on the structured surface 544 has a high spreading portion 542 a and a low spreading portion 542 b disposed alongside each other. In the figure, the high spreading portions are shown shaded to indicate a roughened surface in comparison to the smoother surface of the low spreading portion 542 b.

仮組

US11181887(BOEING CO [US])
[0005] Determining the presence of gaps in joints and the necessity and size and shape of shims may require a labor-intensive, iterative process following the fabrication and nondestructive testing of the parts.
【０００５】
  結合部分における空隙の有無、及び、シムの要否及びそのサイズや形状を判定するには、部品の作製及び非破壊検査に続いて、手間のかかるプロセスを繰り返し行う必要がある。

Parts may be temporarily assembled and then visually inspected and measured for gaps between the skin and substructure.
例えば、部品の仮組み立てを行って、外板と下部構造との間の空隙を目視で検査及び測定し、その後、部品を分解して、所定のシム許容値より大きな空隙については、シムを試作する。

The parts may then be dismantled and, for gaps greater than the predetermined shim allowance, a trial shim fabricated.
例えば、部品の仮組み立てを行って、外板と下部構造との間の空隙を目視で検査及び測定し、

The parts may then be reassembled with the shim temporarily secured in place, to check the fit.
その後、部品を分解して、所定のシム許容値より大きな空隙については、シムを試作する。

This is a second temporary assembly operation and such operations may need to be repeated until the shim fit is satisfactory.
次いで、再度部品を組み立てて、シムを仮配置して、適合具合をチェックする。これが二回目の仮組み立てであり、この作業は、シムが適切に適合するまで繰り返し行わなければならない。

Alternatively, gaps found in the temporary assembly of the parts that are less than the predetermined shim allowance may be left unfilled.
あるいは、部品の仮組み立て品に空隙が見つかっても、所定のシム許容値より小さいものであれば、埋めずにそのまま放置される。

WO2018080970(GATES CORP [US])
Representative of the art is US patent no. 7,494,434 which discloses an accessory drive for an engine with a belt driven starter generator adapted for driving and being driven by the engine.
【０００６】
  この技術の代表は米国特許出願第７４９４４３４号であり、これは、エンジンを駆動し、駆動されるように構成された、ベルト駆動スタータ・ジェネレータを有するエンジンのアクセサリドライブを開示する。

In an exemplary embodiment, the drive includes a first engine drive pulley and a second starter drive pulley.
代表的な実施形態では、駆動機構は、第１のエンジン駆動プーリと第２のスタータ駆動プーリを有する。

A drive belt engages the drive pulleys for driving either pulley from the other.
駆動ベルトは駆動プーリに係合し、プーリを他のプーリによって駆動する。

A dual belt tensioner made as a preassembled unit has a carrier with a central pivot mounted to the engine and first and second carrier arms extending radially from the central pivot.
仮組立てユニットとして製作されたデュアルベルトテンショナは、エンジンに取付けられた中央ピボットを有するキャリアと、中央ピボットから径方向に延びる第１および第２のキャリアアームとを有する。

US9722216(GEN ELECTRIC [US])
[0032] A temporary adhesive can be used to fasten the heat sinks 34 to the cell 38 during assembly of the modules 42 , and then between modules during stacking to form the pack 10 .
【００２２】
  仮止接着剤は、モジュール４２の組立中にヒートシンク３４をセル４０に固定するために使用され得、次いで、積重ね中にパック１０を形成するためにモジュール同士の間で使用され得る。

Such an adhesive can be selected for high thermal conductivity, e.g., 3M™ TC-2707 or TC-2810 or the like.
例えば３Ｍ（商標）ＴＣ－２７０７またはＴＣ－２８１０等の高熱伝導性用の接着剤が選択され得る。

Alternatively, a temporary assembly jig can be utilized (not shown) to align and hold the heat sinks and cells during module assembly and stacking
代わりに、モジュールの組立中および積重ね中にヒートシンクおよびセルを位置合せおよび保持するために、仮組立用ジグが利用され得る（不図示）。

の変化量を

EP4340829(RIVUS PHARMACEUTICALS INC [US])
[0059] Figure 17 illustrates the mean change from baseline FAS population in a repeated measure analysis for InBody body weight.
【図１７】ＩｎＢｏｄｙ体重の反復測定分析における、ベースラインＦＡＳ集団からの平均の変化量を示す。

WO2021247329(APPLE INC [US])
 In some embodiments, in accordance with a determination that the changes in the field-of-view of the one or more cameras are above a threshold (e.g., non-zero threshold) (a threshold that is indicative of the amount of changes in the field-of-view amount to a change in a scene),
いくつかの実施形態では、１つ以上のカメラの視野の変化が閾値（例えば、非ゼロ閾値）を上回るとの判定に従って（視野の変化量を示す閾値は、シーンの変化に匹敵する）、

the computer system continues to display the exposure compensation indicator that includes the first exposure compensation value. 
コンピュータシステムは、第１の露出補償値を含む露出補償インジケータを表示し続ける。

US2024166984(JANSSEN BIOTECH INC [US])
The Regression (R2) value, coefficient of variation was recorded for each PLS model.
各ＰＬＳモデルについて、回帰（Ｒ２）値、変動係数を記録した。

This R2 value is used to determine the amount of variation of the Y variable which the model predictors (X variables) can explain.
このＲ２値は、モデル予測子（Ｘ変数）が説明し得るＹ変数の変化量を決定するために使用される。

The closer an R2 value is to 1, the greater a model explained the Y variable. 
Ｒ２値が１に近いほど、モデルがＹ変数をより適切に説明したことになる。

US2024094426(GEN ELECTRIC [US])
 Alternatively, or additionally, the detection apparatus
代替的または追加的に、検出装置は、

may compare an amount of change for each detection voltage with a delta threshold and determine that no foreign object is present when the amount of change is below the delta threshold.
各検出電圧の変化量をデルタ閾値と比較し、変化量がデルタ閾値を下回る場合に異物が存在しないと決定してもよい。

US11680186(FUJIFILM ELECTRONIC MAT USA INC [US])
[0045] In one or more embodiments,
【００４８】
  一つ又は複数の実施形態では、

the planarization efficiency (i.e., the change in silicon oxide step height divided by the amount of silicon oxide removed during the polish, multiplied by 100) is

at least about 14% (e.g., at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 38%, at least about 40%, at least about 46%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, or at least about 74%) and at most about 100% (e.g., at most about 99.9%, at most about 99%, at most about 95%, at most about 90%, at most about 80%, at most about 70%, or at most about 60%)

when polishing a patterned wafer using a polishing composition according to the present disclosure. 
本開示に係る研磨組成物を用いてパターン形成ウェハを研磨する場合、

平坦化効率（つまり、シリコン酸化物ステップ高さの変化量を研磨の間に除去されたシリコン酸化物量で除した商を１００倍したもの）は

約１４％以上（例えば、約２０％以上、３０％以上、３８％以上、４０％以上、４６％以上、５０％以上、６０％以上、７０％以上、又は７４％以上）であって、約１００％以下（例えば、約９９．９％以下、約９９％以下、約９５％以下、約９０％以下、約８０％以下、約７０％以下、又は約６０％以下）である。

US11464880(RAYTHEON CO [US])
Since humans emit small amount of thermal radiation, a PIR motion sensor is used to detect changes in received radiation levels by providing an electrical signal to the controller 108 indicating an amount of change in radiation.
人間は、少量の熱放射線を放出しているため、PIRモーションセンサを用いて、放射線の変化量を示す電気信号を制御器108に供給することにより、受信放射線レベルの変化が検出される。

Additional sensors for detection motion and/or a changing distance to an object are included in embodiments disclosed herein.
動きを検出し、および／または物体までの距離の変化を検出する追加のセンサは、本願に含まれる。

がするステップ

Me:

In technical writing, particularly when drafting patent applications, which of the following sentences is better in terms of clarity, accuracy, convention, common usage, etc.?

1. This method comprises a step for detecting an object using a sensor.
2. This method comprises a step for detecting, using a sensor, an object.
3. This method comprises a step for detecting, by a sensor, an object.
4. This method comprises a step for a sensor to detect an object.
5. This method comprises a step of a sensor detecting an object.

 

ChatGPT:

In technical writing, particularly in patent applications, clarity, accuracy, and adherence to convention are paramount. Considering these factors, the best sentence among the options provided is:

1. This method comprises a step for detecting an object using a sensor.

Here’s an analysis of each option:

1. "This method comprises a step for detecting an object using a sensor."

   • Clarity: Clear and straightforward.
   • Accuracy: Accurately describes the step and the use of the sensor.
   • Convention: Aligns well with standard phrasing in patent applications.
   • Common Usage: Commonly used in technical writing and patent language.

2. "This method comprises a step for detecting, using a sensor, an object."

   • Clarity: Slightly less clear due to the separation of "detecting" and "an object."
   • Accuracy: Still accurate, but the split can cause slight confusion.
   • Convention: Less conventional than option 1.
   • Common Usage: Less common structure.

3. "This method comprises a step for detecting, by a sensor, an object."

   • Clarity: Similar to option 2, but "by a sensor" is less conventional.
   • Accuracy: Accurate but slightly awkward phrasing.
   • Convention: Less conventional.
   • Common Usage: Not commonly used.

4. "This method comprises a step for a sensor to detect an object."

   • Clarity: Clear but changes the focus slightly to the sensor's action.
   • Accuracy: Accurate but may imply the sensor is an active participant rather than a tool used.
   • Convention: Not as conventional in patent language.
   • Common Usage: Less common.

5. "This method comprises a step of a sensor detecting an object."

   • Clarity: Clear but less formal.
   • Accuracy: Accurate but informal.
   • Convention: Less conventional; the sensor appears to act independently.
   • Common Usage: Less common and may seem informal.

Thus, option 1 is preferred because it maintains clarity, adheres to conventional structure, and is commonly used in patent applications.

Me:

Translate the following into English. The sentence is for the purpose of drafting patent applications. この方法はセンサーが物体を検出するステップを含む。

 

ChatGPT:

The translation of the sentence "この方法はセンサーが物体を検出するステップを含む。" for the purpose of drafting patent applications is:

"This method includes a step of detecting an object using a sensor."

Me:

Doesn't the translation differ slightly from the Japanese sentence in terms of structure, specifically with regard to that which does the detecting? In the Japanese sentence, it's clear that it is a sensor that does the detecting; that is, it is "センサーが物体を検出する" and not "センサーを用いて物体を検出する". The English translation appears to fail to convey the grammatical structure of the Japanese sentence, where the "センサー" is the subject of the action of detecting the object. What do you think?

 

ChatGPT:

You are correct. The original Japanese sentence specifies that the sensor is the subject performing the action of detecting the object. To maintain this grammatical structure and clarity in the translation, the revised English sentence should reflect that the sensor is actively performing the detection.

A more accurate translation would be:

"This method includes a step in which the sensor detects an object."

This translation maintains the original meaning, ensuring that the sensor is clearly the subject performing the action of detecting the object, which aligns with the structure of the Japanese sentence.

Me:

That sounds better. But give me another translation that does not involve the use of a relative clause, such as that or which.

 

ChatGPT:

Certainly! Here's an alternative translation that avoids using a relative clause:

"This method includes a step of a sensor detecting an object."

This phrasing preserves the structure of the original Japanese sentence by clearly indicating that the sensor is the one performing the detection.

分散混入、分散して

CA2832814(BASF SE [DE])
Example 1.5: Recycling experiments
【０１２８】
  例１．５：リサイクル試験

An experiment is carried out on the use of magnetite hydrophobicized according to the respective example as reusable carrier for the decontamination of (heavy metal- ) contaminated earth.
それぞれの実施例により、疎水化されたマグネタイトを再使用可能なキャリヤーとして（重金属）負荷された土壌の浄化に使用することにより、試験を行なう。

For this purpose, 3 g of magnetite were dispersed in a system comprising 100 g of a sand mixture (solids content: 1% by weight).
このために、マグネタイト３ｇを、砂混合物１００ｇ（固体含量：１質量％）を含有する系中に分散混入する。

US8311678(VERIFI LLC [US])
[0018] This unexpected dose response behavior is illustrated in FIG. 1,
【００２０】
  この予期されなかった用量応答の振舞いは図１に例示されており、

wherein it is shown that different concrete mixes, into which a rheology-modifying agent such as a polycarboxylate cement dispersant admixture was admixed, show similar dose response curves 
即ち、ポリカルボキシレートセメント分散混入剤のようなレオロジー修正剤が混入された異なるコンクリートミックスが類似した用量応答曲線を示し、

wherein slump is shown as a function of the dose amount (ounces of admixture per cubic yard of concrete) required to change slump by one unit (such as from 2 to 3 inches slump, and from 3 to 4 inches slump, and so on). 
スランプが用量の関数（コンクリート１立方ヤード当たりの混入剤のオンス）で示され、それはスランプを１単位変化させる（例えば２インチのスランプから３インチのスランプへ、３インチのスランプから４インチのスランプへ、等）のに必要な用量である。

US7829250(XEROX CORP [US])
Long print runs of a single image can lead to variations in optical transparency corresponding to image content.
従って、同じ画像を何回も繰り返し印刷するとその画像をなぞるようにフォトレセプタの透明性や導電性が変化していき、

Consequently, both erase illumination (for photoreceptor belts) and ground plane conductivity can vary spatially according to image content leading to image ghosts which can limit photoreceptor belt life.
放電用照明光の強度（フォトレセプタベルトの場合）や導電接地層の導電性が空間的に即ち画像をなぞるようにばらついてゴーストが発生するようになり、ついにはそのフォトレセプタ例えばベルトを使用することができなくなる。

Suitable materials for non-electrochemically reactive optically transparent conductive ground planes are limited.
こうした現象を防ぐには電気化学活性が低く且つ透光性のある素材で導電接地層を形成すればよいが、それに適する素材は限られている。

Dispersed carbon particles are non-electrochemically reactive but they are unsuitable because of the poor optical transparency of dispersed carbon films. 
例えば炭素粒子を分散混入させた膜は、電気化学活性が低いけれども透光性も低いので使用に適していない。

US11704238(DRAFTKINGS INC [US])
[0003] Event management systems allocate computer resources to maintain and update events. There is a computer-resource cost associated with each maintained event. One or more client devices may view one or more available event, and accounts respectively associated with the client devices may register to participate in one or more of the event. When a large number of event are generated and presented for registration, the client devices may register across the event in a dispersed manner（＊分散して）, with each event having a small number of registered client devices. This large number of events may require a large amount of computer resources to maintain and update.

US6934724(EMC CORP [US])
In the primary storage system 12 of FIG. 3, a particular data file may be stored entirely on one of the disk drives 461-46N. Alternatively, a data file may include a number of segments, wherein some of the segments may be stored on one disk drive while other segments are stored on one or more other disk drives. Stated differently, one data file may include a number of segments stored in a dispersed manner（＊分散して）amongst a number of disk drives of the primary storage system 12.

罫線割れ

US2019085189(INX INT INK CO [US])
[0035] When the content of the unreactive resin used in 100 parts by mass of the electron beam curable inkjet ink composition is less than 0.1% by mass, the adhesiveness tends to be insufficient; on the other hand, when the content of the unreactive resin used exceeds 10% by mass, unpreferably disadvantages such as viscosity increase and ruled line crack tend to occur.

【００２７】
  上記電子ビーム硬化可能なインクジェットインク組成物の質量百分率で用いられる上記非反応性樹脂の内容量が０．１％を下回る場合、上記粘着性は不十分になる傾向が有る。一方で、用いられる上記非反応性樹脂の上記内容量が１０％を上回る場合、好ましからざることに粘度の上昇や罫線割れのような不都合が生じる傾向が有る。

 

基礎化学品

US2016347686(BASF SE [DE])
[0002] Butadiene is an important basic chemical and is used, for example, for producing synthetic rubbers (butadiene homopolymers, styrene-butadiene rubber or nitrile rubber) or for producing thermoplastic terpolymers (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers).
【０００２】
  ブタジエンは、重要な基礎化学品であり、かつ、例えば合成ゴム（ブタジエンホモポリマー、スチレン－ブタジエンゴム若しくはニトリルゴム）の製造のために又は熱可塑性ターポリマー（アクリロニトリル－ブタジエン－スチレンコポリマー）の製造のために用いられる。

Butadiene is also converted into sulfolane, chloroprene and 1,4-hexamethylenediamine (via 1,4-dichlorobutene and adiponitrile).
ブタジエンは、そのうえ、スルホラン、クロロプレン及び１，４－ヘキサメチレンジアミンに（１，４－ジクロロブテン及びアジピン酸ジニトリルを介して）変換される。

Furthermore, it is possible to dimerize butadiene to produce vinylcyclohexene which can be dehydrogenated to styrene.
そのほかに、ブタジエンの二量体化によって、ビニルシクロヘキサンを作り出すことが可能であり、これはスチレンに脱水素することができる。

US7605293(UNIV SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA [US])
In addition to use as fuels, methanol and methanol-derived chemicals have other significant applications in the chemical industry.
【００１１】
燃料としての使用以外に、メタノールおよびメタノール由来化学品は、化学工業において他の有意な用途を有する。

Today, methanol is one of the most important feedstock in the chemical industry.
今日、メタノールは、化学工業における最も重要な原料の１つである。

Most of the 32 million tons of annually produced methanol is
3200万トンの年間生産メタノールの大部分は、

used to manufacture a large variety of chemical products and materials, including

basic chemicals such as formaldehyde, acetic acid, MTBE (although it is increasingly phased out for environmental reasons), as well as various polymers, paints, adhesives, construction materials, and others.
ホルムアルデヒド、酢酸、MTBE (環境的理由で次第に廃止されつつある)のような基礎化学品、並びに各種ポリマー、塗料、接着剤、建設材料

等を含む多種類の化学製品および材料の製造に使用されている。

「この」違和感：This

Me:

Assume that a detection device is being discussed. Which of the following sentences is more appropriate from the viewpoints of grammar, convention, and so on? Explain why one is preferable to the other. Assume that the fact that the device includes a memory unit has never been indicated or suggested before each of the sentences appeared.

1. This detection device including a memory unit is used for detecting an object.
2. This detection device, which includes a memory unit, is used for detecting an object.

 

ChatGPT:

The second sentence is more appropriate from the viewpoints of grammar, convention, and clarity. Let's break down why this is the case.

1. Grammar and Punctuation:

   • Sentence 1: "This detection device including a memory unit is used for detecting an object."
     • This sentence lacks necessary punctuation, making it harder to read. The phrase "including a memory unit" is a non-restrictive clause that should be set off by commas.
   • Sentence 2: "This detection device, which includes a memory unit, is used for detecting an object."
     • This sentence correctly uses commas to set off the non-restrictive clause "which includes a memory unit," indicating that the memory unit is additional information about the device.

2. Convention:

   • In English, non-restrictive clauses (those that provide extra information that isn't essential to the meaning of the sentence) are typically introduced by "which" and are set off by commas.
   • Restrictive clauses (those that are essential to the meaning of the sentence) use "that" and do not use commas.

3. Clarity:

   • Sentence 1: Without the commas, it reads as though "including a memory unit" might be an essential part of defining which detection device is being talked about, which is not the intent.
   • Sentence 2: The use of commas clearly indicates that "which includes a memory unit" is additional information about the detection device, and not essential to identifying which device is being referred to.

Thus, Sentence 2 is grammatically correct, adheres to conventional usage, and provides clearer information.

Correct Sentence: "This detection device, which includes a memory unit, is used for detecting an object."

 

Me:

Translate the following into English: この発明は検出装置に関する。メモリーユニットを有するこの検出装置は、物体を検出するために使用される。

ChatGPT:

The translation of the given Japanese sentences into English is:

"This invention relates to a detection device. This detection device, which includes a memory unit, is used for detecting an object."

This translation maintains the clarity and grammatical correctness, similar to the structure discussed earlier.

Me:

In this case, what is wrong with "This detection device including a memory unit is used for detecting an object"?

 

ChatGPT:

In this context, "This detection device including a memory unit is used for detecting an object" is grammatically incorrect because it lacks necessary punctuation and does not properly indicate that the phrase "including a memory unit" is additional, non-essential information. Here are the specific issues:

1. Lack of Punctuation:

   • The phrase "including a memory unit" is a non-restrictive clause, meaning it adds extra information that is not essential to the main point of the sentence. Non-restrictive clauses should be set off by commas to indicate that the information is supplementary.

2. Misleading Structure:

   • Without commas, the sentence may be misinterpreted as implying that "including a memory unit" is an essential part of the definition of the detection device, which is not the intent. The reader might think that only a detection device with a memory unit is being referred to, rather than understanding that the memory unit is an additional feature of the detection device being described.

3. Clarity and Readability:

   • Proper punctuation helps in breaking down the sentence into clear, readable parts. The lack of commas makes the sentence harder to parse and understand, reducing clarity.

To correct these issues and convey the intended meaning, it is important to use commas to set off the non-restrictive clause:

Corrected Sentence: "This detection device, which includes a memory unit, is used for detecting an object."

This version clearly indicates that the memory unit is an additional feature, not an essential part of defining the detection device, thereby maintaining clarity and grammatical correctness.

 

と一致する方向

US2019128639(STURM RUGER & CO [US])
[0070] The firearm 20 defines a longitudinal axis LA and axial direction coinciding with the centerline of the barrel 23 and its longitudinal bore formed therein between the muzzle and breech ends 23 a , 23 b that defines a projectile pathway in a known manner.

US10652462(IBM [US])
[0031] In some embodiments, an audio cue may be encoded into an object-oriented audio format. The audio cue may then be located in a specific sound plane relative to the location of the object. In this way, rather than simply being cued to look left or right, the user can be presented with an audio cue that seems to originate from the specific direction of the recommended object. For example, during a 360 degree video, an audio cue can include a phrase such as “Look over here!” where the phrase is encoded to seem as if it is originating from the direction coinciding with an object of interest (e.g. a monument). This can make for a more interactive 360 degree video experience.

US8837305(QUALCOMM INC [US])
9. The method of claim 1, wherein transceiving signals comprises:

forming a signal reception null in a receive direction coinciding with the interference direction; and

receiving the signals in the receive direction not inclusive of the signal reception null.

駆動を制御する：controls the drive of

What is the difference in meaning or nuance between the following sentences?

1. The controller controls a drive of the motor based on a control signal.
2. The controller controls drive of the motor based on a control signal.
3. The controller controls the drive of the motor based on a control signal.
4. The controller controls driving of the motor based on a control signal.
5. The controller controls the driving of the motor based on a control signal. Please also tell me which one of the above is most common or typical in general technical context, and which one should be avoided, when writing technical documents, for reasons including grammar, conventional usage, common sense, etc.

 

ChatGPT

Let's analyze the differences and nuances between the sentences, and then determine which is most common or typical in technical contexts and which should be avoided.

1. The controller controls a drive of the motor based on a control signal.

   • Meaning/Nuance: This suggests that the controller controls one of possibly several drives of the motor. It is somewhat specific but implies that there may be multiple drives.
   • Usefulness: This is less typical because it suggests the existence of multiple drives, which might not be the intended meaning.

2. The controller controls drive of the motor based on a control signal.

   • Meaning/Nuance: This sentence is less specific because it lacks the definite article "the" before "drive," making it sound somewhat incomplete or general.
   • Usefulness: This is less conventional and might be avoided due to its vague nature.

3. The controller controls the drive of the motor based on a control signal.

   • Meaning/Nuance: This sentence is clear and specific, referring to a particular drive mechanism of the motor that the controller controls.
   • Usefulness: This is a common and conventional way to describe the action in technical documents.

4. The controller controls driving of the motor based on a control signal.

   • Meaning/Nuance: This refers to the action or process of driving the motor. It is a bit more abstract compared to "the drive."
   • Usefulness: This can be used but is less specific than sentence 3. It is acceptable but not as precise.

5. The controller controls the driving of the motor based on a control signal.

   • Meaning/Nuance: This is similar to sentence 4 but more specific due to the definite article "the." It refers to the particular process of driving the motor.
   • Usefulness: This is also clear and specific, making it a good choice in technical contexts.

Most Common or Typical in General Technical Context:

• Sentence 3: "The controller controls the drive of the motor based on a control signal."
  • This sentence is specific, clear, and conventional, making it the most typical choice in technical documentation.

Sentence to Avoid:

• Sentence 2: "The controller controls drive of the motor based on a control signal."
  • This is vague and less grammatically conventional, making it less suitable for technical documents.

In conclusion, for clarity and conventional usage in technical contexts, Sentence 3 is the best choice. Sentence 2 should be avoided due to its vagueness.

出力を制御する：output of, the output of、冠詞の有無による違い

What is the difference in meaning or nuance between the following sentences?

1. The control unit receives output of a power supply signal from the power supply.
2. The control unit receives the output of a power supply signal from the power supply.

 

ChatGPT

The difference between the two sentences is subtle but important, and it hinges on the presence of the definite article "the" before "output." Here are the nuances:

1. The control unit receives output of a power supply signal from the power supply.

   • Meaning: This sentence is a bit more general and could imply that the control unit receives some kind of output related to a power supply signal from the power supply. The lack of the definite article "the" before "output" can make the statement feel less specific, as if referring to any kind of output without specifying which one.

2. The control unit receives the output of a power supply signal from the power supply.

   • Meaning: This sentence is more specific because it uses "the" before "output," indicating that a particular, identifiable output of the power supply signal is being referred to. This implies that the reader or listener is expected to know which specific output is being discussed, possibly from prior context.

In summary:

• Sentence 1 is less specific, suggesting any output related to a power supply signal.
• Sentence 2 is more specific, referring to a particular output of the power supply signal that should be known from context.

視野検査

US11154639(UNIV SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA [US])
[0156] For example, in ocular applications, the visual field of a patient can be determined by any appropriate known diagnostic techniques, such as Goldmann kinetic perimetry (see, e.g., FIG. 5).
【０１２４】
  例えば、眼の適用では、ゴールドマン動力学的視野検査(例えば、図5参照のこと)などの任意の適当な既知診断技術によって患者の視野を測定できる。

US11561614(SPHAIROS INC [US])
[0012] Current measures and rating systems for AR/VR are qualitative in nature. Further, clinical testing interfaces include EEG, MRI, EOG, MEG, fMRI, ultrasound, and microwaves.
【０００５】
  ＡＲ／ＶＲ用の現在の測定システムおよびレーティング・システムは、本質的に定性的である。さらに、臨床検査インターフェースは、ＥＥＧ、ＭＲＩ、ＥＯＧ、ＭＥＧ、ｆＭＲＩ、超音波、およびマイクロ波を含む。

Traditional industry standards for measuring Field of View include tests such as The Amsler grid, the Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer, Frequency-Doubling technology,
視界を測定するための従来の業界標準規格は、アムスラー・グリッド、ハンフリー視野計、Ｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙ－Ｄｏｕｂｌｉｎｇ  ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ、

the Tangent Screen Exam, the Goldmann Method, and the Octopus perimeter. 
視野検査（Ｔａｎｇｅｎｔ  Ｓｃｒｅｅｎ  Ｅｘａｍ）、ゴールドマン法（Ｇｏｌｄｍａｎｎ  Ｍｅｔｈｏｄ）、およびオクトパス視野計などの検査を含む。

US11524990(ACCELERON PHARMA INC [US])
[0343] In general, visual field may be determined through visual field testing the full horizontal and vertical range of what a patient is able to see peripherally.
一般に、視野は、患者が周辺的に見ることが可能である水平および垂直範囲全体の視野検査を通じて決定できる。

This type of testing is usually performed with an automated perimetry test in which the patient stares at a source of light straight ahead and random lights of different densities are flashed in their peripheral field of vision.
この種類の検査は、患者はまっすぐ前の光源を凝視し、異なる濃さのランダム光が患者の視界の周辺部で点滅する自動化視野測定検査を用いて通常実施される。

The patient presses a button or other means to indicate that they can see the light.
患者は、光を見ることができることを示すためにボタンまたは他の手段を押す。

Visual field tests that may be used in accordance with the methods described herein include for example, the Amsler grid test, the confrontation test, the perimetry test, and the tangent screen test.
本明細書に記載の方法により使用できる視野検査として、例えば、アムスラーグリッド検査、対面検査、視野測定検査およびタンジェントスクリーン検査が挙げられる。

内蔵装置

US11601962(ERICSSON TELEFON AB L M [SE])
[0043] In some embodiments, the non-limiting term “user equipment” (UE) is used and it can refer to any type of wireless device which can communicate with a network node and/or with another UE in a cellular or mobile or wireless communication system.
【００３２】
  ある実施形態では、非制限的な用語「ユーザ端末」（ＵＥ）が使用され、それにより、セルラ又はモバイル又は無線通信システムにおいて、ネットワークノード及び／又は他のＵＥと通信することができる任意の種類の無線デバイスが言及されうる。

Examples of UE are target device, device to device (D2D) UE,
ＵＥの例は、ターゲットデバイス、デバイス対デバイス（Ｄ２Ｄ）ＵＥ、

machine type UE or UE capable of machine to machine (M2M) communication, personal digital assistant, tablet,
マシンタイプＵＥもしくはマシン対マシン（Ｍ２Ｍ）通信が可能なＵＥ、パーソナルデジタルアシスタント、タブレット、

mobile terminal, smart phone, laptop embedded equipped (LEE), laptop mounted equipment (LME),
モバイルターミナル、スマートフォン、ラップトップ内蔵装置（ＬＥＥ）、ラップトップ搭載装置（ＬＭＥ）、

USB dongles, ProSe UE, V2V UE, V2X UE, MTC UE, eMTC UE,
ＵＳＢドングル、ＰｒｏＳｅ  ＵＥ、Ｖ２Ｖ  ＵＥ、Ｖ２Ｘ  ＵＥ、ＭＴＣ  ＵＥ、ｅＭＴＣ  ＵＥ、

FeMTC UE, UE Cat 0, UE Cat M1, narrow band IoT (NB-IoT) UE, UE Cat NB 1, etc.
ＦｅＭＴＣ  ＵＥ、ＵＥ  Ｃａｔ０、ＵＥ  ＣａｔＭ１、狭帯域ＩｏＴ（ＮＢ－ＩｏＴ）ＵＥ、ＵＥ  ＣａｔＮＢ１、などである。

Example embodiments of a UE are described in more detail below with respect to FIG. 7 .
ＵＥの例示の実施形態については、図７に関して、以下でしょうさいに説明する。

US11027071(INOVIO PHARMACEUTICALS INC [US])
[0005] There is a need in the art to provide a means for effectively delivering an agent via jet injection and subsequently being able to electroporate in a single portable, hand-held, self-contained device.
【０００５】
  ジェット注射によって薬剤を効果的に送達し、その後、単一の携帯型ハンドヘルド自己内蔵装置で電気穿孔することができる手段を提供する必要性が、当技術分野において存在している。

EP3554044(MOBILITIE LLC [US])
[0010] In an enterprise environment, the system of the present disclosure may provide predictive maintenance thereby lowering operating capital costs by facilitating proactive servicing and repair of assets, such as vehicles, office equipment, and the like.
【００１０】
  企業環境では、本開示のシステムは、予測メンテナンスを提供してもよく、それによって、車両、事務装置などのような資産の先取的なサービスおよび修理を容易にすることによって運用資本コストを下げ得る。

In addition, the system
加えて、本システムは、

can provide supply chain management with smart tracking of end-two-end supply chain cycle from manufacturing to delivery, asset verification and optimization with the use of sensor-embedded equipment to control utilization, verification, and process automated workflows. 
製造から納入までのエンドツーエンドのサプライチェーンサイクルのスマート追跡を備えたサプライチェーン管理、自動化ワークフローの利用、検証、および処理を制御するためにセンサ内蔵装置を使用した資産検証および最適化、を提供することができる。

環境発電体

US116263835(ZEON CORP [JP])
[0037] The energy harvester 1 shown in FIG. 1 generates electric power by utilizing an energy in the external environment.
[0022] 図１に示す環境発電体１は、外部環境中のエネルギーを利用して発電する。

Examples of an energy in the external environment include sunlight, vibration, geothermal heat, and the like.
外部環境中のエネルギーの一例として、太陽光、振動及び地熱等が挙げられる。

The energy harvester 1 can supply electric power thus generated to an external device.
環境発電体１は、発電した電力を、外部機器に供給することができる。

A female connector 2 shown in FIG. 1 is an example of the external device.
図１に示すメス型コネクタ２は、外部機器の一例である。

The female connector 2 has a positive electrode terminal 2 A and a negative electrode terminal 2 B.
メス型コネクタ２は、正極端子２Ａと、負極端子２Ｂとを備える。

キャンピングカー

US11688155(LUMINAR LLC [US])
[0044] As the term is used herein, a “vehicle” may refer to a mobile machine configured to transport people or cargo.
【００２５】
  本明細書で使用される場合、「車両」は、人または貨物を輸送するように構成された移動機を指すものであってもよい。

For example, a vehicle
例えば、車両は、

may include, may take the form of, or may be referred to as

a car, automobile, motor vehicle, truck, bus, van, trailer, off-road vehicle,
乗用車、自動車、原動機付き車両、トラック、バス、バン、トレーラー、オフロード車両、

farm vehicle, lawn mower, construction equipment, golf cart, motorhome, taxi,
農耕用作業車、芝刈り機、建設機械、ゴルフカート、キャンピングカー、タクシー、

motorcycle, scooter, bicycle, skateboard, train, snowmobile,
オートバイ、スクーター、自転車、スケートボード、列車、スノーモービル、

watercraft (e.g., a ship or boat), aircraft (e.g., a fixed-wing aircraft, helicopter, or dirigible), or spacecraft.
水上機（例えば、船またはボート）、航空機（例えば、固定翼機、ヘリコプター、または飛行船）、または宇宙機

を含むか、その形態をとるか、またはこれらを指すものであってもよい。

In particular embodiments, a vehicle may include an internal combustion engine or an electric motor that provides propulsion for the vehicle.
特定の実施形態において、車両は、車両の推進力を提供する内燃機関または電気モータを含むものであってもよい。

US11220297(WORKHORSE GROUP INC [US])
[0050] It should be appreciated each of the vehicles of the illustrative line 100 may be employed in a variety of applications.
【００３８】
  車種１００の車両のそれぞれが、さまざまな用途で使用され得ることを理解されたい。

In some embodiments, one or more vehicles of the line 100 
いくつかの実施例では、車種１００の１つ又は複数の車両は、

may be embodied as, or otherwise included in,

a fire and emergency vehicle, a refuse vehicle, a coach vehicle, a recreational vehicle or motorhome,
数例を挙げれば、消防緊急車両、ゴミ運搬車両、コーチ車両、レクリエーション用車両若しくはキャンピングカー、

a municipal and/or service vehicle, an agricultural vehicle, a mining vehicle, a specialty vehicle, an energy vehicle, a defense vehicle, a port service vehicle, a construction vehicle, and a transit and/or bus vehicle, just to name a few. 
地方地自体及び／又は公共サービス車両、農業車両、炭鉱車両、特殊車両、エネルギー車両、防衛車両、港湾サービス車両、工事車両、並びに輸送及び／又はバス車両

として具現化されてもよく、又は別の形でそれに含まれてもよい．

US11932928(NOVELIS INC [US])
[0014] These new high strength 6xxx and 7xxx series aluminum alloy products have many uses in the transportation industry and can replace steel components to produce lighter weight vehicles.
【００１４】
  これらの新しい高強度６ｘｘｘ及び７ｘｘｘ系アルミニウム合金製品は、輸送業界に多くの用途があり、より軽量な乗り物を作成するために鋼製コンポーネントを置き換え得る。

Such vehicles include,
そのような乗り物としては、

without limitation, automobiles, vans, campers, mobile homes, trucks, bodies in white, cabs of trucks, trailers,
自動車、バン、キャンピングカー、トレーラーハウス、トラック、白い車体、トラックの運転台、トレーラー、

buses, motorcycles, scooters, bicycles, boats, ships, shipping containers, trains, train engines, rail passenger cars, rail freight cars, planes, drones, and spacecraft.
バス、オートバイ、スクーター、自転車、ボート、船舶、輸送用コンテナ、列車、機関車、客車、貨車、飛行機、ドローン、及び宇宙船が挙げられる

が、これらに限定されない。

US11669104(CONTINENTAL AUTOMOTIVE SYSTEMS INC [US])
[0004] Trailers（＊複数無冠詞：一般、等、概して）are usually unpowered vehicles that are pulled by a powered tow vehicle.
トレーラは通常、動力を備えた牽引車両によって引っ張られる無動力の車両である。

A trailer（＊不定冠詞：具体例の想像）may be a utility trailer, a popup camper, a travel trailer, livestock trailer, flatbed trailer, enclosed car hauler, and boat trailer, among others.
トレーラを他にもある中で特に、ユーティリティトレーラ、ポップアップ式キャンピングカー、旅行用トレーラ、家畜用トレーラ、平床式トレーラ、有蓋車両輸送トレーラ、およびボートトレーラとすることができる。

The tow vehicle（＊定冠詞：既出、というもの）may be a car, a crossover, a truck, a van, a sports-utility-vehicle (SUV), a recreational vehicle (RV), or any other vehicle configured to attach to the trailer and pull the trailer.
牽引車両を、乗用車、クロスオーバー車、トラック、バン、スポーツ・ユーティリティ・ビークル（ＳＵＶ）、レクレーショナル・ビークル（ＲＶ）、またはトレーラに取り付けてトレーラを引っ張るように構成された他の任意の車両とすることができる。

US10572833(AIRBNB INC [US])
[0035] Unit type 355 describes the type of accommodation being offered by the host.
【００２７】
  ユニットタイプ３５５は、宿主によりオファーされる宿泊設備のタイプを説明する。

Embodiments classify unit type into two groups, room type and property type.
実施形態は、ユニットタイプを２つのグループ、部屋タイプおよび資産タイプに分類する。

Types of room include entire home or apartment, private room, and shared room.
部屋のタイプは、住宅またはアパート全体、個室、および相部屋を含む。

Types of property include apartment, house, bed & breakfast, cabin,
資産のタイプは、アパート、ハウス、朝食付き宿泊（bed & breakfast）、キャビン、

villa, castle, dorm, treehouse, boat, plane, parking space, car, van, camper or recreational vehicle,
別荘、館、寮、ツリーハウス、ボート、飛行機、駐車場、車、バン型車、キャンピングカーまたはレクリエーショナルビークル、

igloo, lighthouse, yurt, tipi, cave, island, chalet, earth house, hut, train, tent, loft, and the like.
イグルー、灯台、ユルト、ティピー、洞窟、島、シャレー、アースハウス（earth house）、山小屋、列車、テント、ロフト、および類するものを含む。

US10422478(UNIV WASHINGTON STATE [US])
[0024] Also of note is that the example systems that can benefit from the designs disclosed herein include
【００２２】
  また、留意すべきは、本明細書で開示する設計の利益を享受できる例示的システムは、

automotive, (cars, light or heavy duty trucks, motorcycles, motor homes, etc.), forklifts,
自動車（乗用車、軽トラックまたは大型トラック、オートバイ、キャンピングカーなど）、フォークリフト、

boats, or transportation systems such as aerospace and unmanned aerial vehicle systems,
船、または航空宇宙、および無人航空機システムなどの輸送システム、

or any alternative fuel vehicle that can utilize such pressure vessels without departing from the scope of the present application. 
あるいは本出願の範囲から逸脱することなく、このような圧力容器を使用できる別の燃料使用乗物を含む。