和英特許翻訳メモ

便利そうな表現、疑問、謎、その他メモ書き。思いつきで書いてます。
拾った用例は必ずしも典型例、模範例ではありません。

高温下

2018-01-11 19:10:43 | 英語特許散策

WO2005108057(特表2007-533818)
"16. A method of forming a resin/graphite composite comprising impregnated a graphite article with resin and curing the resin under pressure and at an elevated temperature(高温下で)."


WO2015175551(特表2017-515941)
(Ab)

"This invention relates to processes for preparing novolak resins and using the same as reinforcing resins. One process comprises reacting one or more alkylphenols with an aldehyde in the presence of a base to form a resole resin, wherein for each mole of alkylphenol at least 1.5 moles of aldehyde are reacted; and reacting the resole resin with one or more phenolic compounds in the presence of an acidic catalyst to form a novolac resin, wherein for each mole of alkylphenol at least 1.5 moles of the phenolic compounds are reacted. Another process comprises reacting one or more alkylphenols with an aldehyde in the presence of a base to form a resole resin, and reacting the resole resin with one or more phenolic compounds under an elevated temperature(高温下で)to form a novolac resin."

WO2015048415(特表2016-538352)
"55. The method of any of claims 52-54, wherein step of disproportionatmg the rosin is performed at an elevated temperature(高温下で)."


WO2015060951(特表2016-539251)
(Ab)

"A process for producing chromium iron alloys suitable for steel making directly from chromite ore wherein fines of chromite ore with additions of carbon fines, and accelerant and a binder are agglomerated and the dry agglomerates are fed into a reaction vessel with natural gas as a reducing agent at elevated temperatures(高温下で)adequate for reduction for thereby producing a chromium iron alloy suitable for steel making. The preferred accelerant is an alkali in the form of an oxide, hydroxide or carbonate, sodium hydroxide being preferred."

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添加する

2018-01-11 18:57:25 | 英語特許散策

US20160075732(特表2016-508488)
"In this method the biological macromolecule could be structurally changed by chemical reaction (addition, substitution, elimination, removal, rearrangement or some other modification) such that the group to be added is added to(添加する)the biological macromolecule."


WO2014098933(特表2016-507452)
"1. A coprecipitation method for making olivine lithium iron manganese phosphate particles, comprising the steps of:

a) forming a solution of a water-soluble iron precursor, a water-soluble manganese precursor, phosphoric acid and optionally a water-soluble dopant metal precursor in a mixture of water and an alcoholic cosolvent, wherein:
a-1) the mole ratio(モル比)of iron to manganese in the solution is from 0.1:0.9 to
0.9:0.1;
a-2) the dopant metal is present in an amount of(の量で存在)up to(最大)3 mole-%, based on the total moles of iron, manganese and the dopant metal; and

a- 3) the mole ratio of iron, manganese and dopant metal combined to phosphoric acid is 0.75:1 to 1.25:1;
b) at a temperature of at least 80°C, adding a solution of lithium hydroxide in water or a mixture of water and the alcoholic cosolvent to(添加する)the solution formed in step a in an amount such that:
b-1) the mole ratio of lithium to phosphate ions is from 2.5 to 3.5:1;
b-2) after addition of the lithium hydroxide solution, the mixture contains 0.1 to 0.8 moles of phosphate ions per liter of water/cosolvent mixture; and
b-3) the weight ratio of water and cosolvent after the addition of the lithium hydroxide solution is from 20:80 to 75:25, provided that(条件とする)the weight ratio of water and cosolvent after addition of the lithium hydroxide solution is from 20:80 to 60:40 when the mixture contains 0.2 moles or less of phosphate ions per liter of water/cosolvent mixture; and

c) heating the resulting solution to a temperature of at least 100°C up to the boiling temperature of the solution to form the olivine lithium manganese iron phosphate."

US20140093775(特表2015-534709)
"36. A method of making a negative active material composition for a lead acid battery, comprising:

combining a lead oxide, an organic molecule expander, and BaSOto form a dry powder mixture;
adding a pre-wetted carbonaceous material having a surface area of at least 250 m2/g to(添加する)the dry powder mixture;
combining sulfuric acid and water with the mixture containing the carbonaceous material to form a slurry; and
forming a paste intermediate of the negative active material composition."
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誘電率

2018-01-11 16:42:47 | 英語特許散策

WO2010093672(特表2012-517687)
"15. The composition of any of claims 1 through 14, wherein the solvent has a dielectric constant(誘電率)of at least about 15."


WO2013009750(特表2014-528139)
"161 . The separator system of any of claims 1 -1 16, wherein at least one of the high mechanical strength layers has a dielectric constant(誘電率)greater than or equal to 50."


WO2016062715(特表2017-533588)
"16. A transistor device comprising an inorganic oxide semiconductor between source and drain conductors and capacitively coupled to a gate conductor via an organic polymer dielectric in contact with the semiconductor and exhibiting a dielectric constant(誘電率)at 1kHz of at least 5 , preferably greater than about 40."


WO2015065839(特表2016-536389)
(Ab)

"A method of treating oil and gas streams including hydrogen sulfide ( H2S) comprising treating the gas stream with an aqueous solution of an amine and a physical solvent which, when mixed in equal mass ratio with the amine or amine mixture, display a dielectric constant(誘電率)of at least about 20, wherein the pKa of the amine is at least about 9.0 and the amine boiling point is at least 200°C."

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公知技術の説明冒頭

2018-01-11 15:37:42 | 英語特許散策

WO2009128879(特表2011-519126)
"Lithium batteries(*無冠詞複数)are widely used in consumer electronics due to their relatively high energy density. Rechargeable batteries are also referred to as secondary batteries, and lithium ion secondary batteries generally have a negative electrode material that intercalates(挿入)lithium. For some current commercial batteries, the negative electrode material can be graphite, and the positive electrode material can comprise lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2). In practice(実際), only roughly 50% of the theoretical capacity of the cathode can be used, e.g., roughly 140 milliamp hours per gram (mAh/g). At least two other lithium-based cathode materials are also currently in commercial use. These two materials are LiMn2O4, having a spinel structure, and LiFePO4, having an olivine structure. These other materials have not provided any significant improvements in energy density."


WO2009009251(特表2010-533359)
"State-of-the-art lithium ion batteries(*無冠詞複数)commonly use electrolytes(電解液;*無冠詞複数)containing lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) as solute(溶質;*無冠詞)and mixtures of cyclic carbonates and linear carbonates as solvents(溶媒;*無冠詞). Ethylene carbonate (EC) is the indispensable cyclic carbonate for the formation of stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) at the surface of the negative electrode so that good battery performances can be achieved or enhanced, especially the long cycle life."


WO2013095439(特表2015-504880)
"[0001] Oral plaque(プラーク;*無冠詞)consists of a wide variety of bacterial species embedded in a structural and functional matrix, called a biofilm. In addition to the bacteria, a variety of extracellular components are essential to the structure and function of this biofilm. Extracellular components of the plaque biofilm include: carbohydrates, nucleic acids, lipids, structural proteins, adhesins and signaling molecules. All of these components perform roles in maintaining structure of the biofilm or facilitating the transfer of signals and nutrients throughout the community. Traditional methods(*無冠詞複数)of oral cleaning have focused on the removal or killing of bacteria. Mechanical debridement through brushing and flossing removes all or part of the accumulated plaque."


WO2012012385(特表2013-535450)
"Oral care products(口腔ケア製品;*無冠詞複数)such as dentifrice(歯磨剤)and mouthrinse(洗口液)are routinely used by consumers as part of their oral care hygiene regimens(レジメン;*療法、習慣)to provide both therapeutic and cosmetic hygiene benefits. Therapeutic benefits include caries(う蝕;*虫歯)prevention which is typically delivered through the use of various fluoride salts; gingivitis prevention by the use of an antimicrobial agent such as triclosan, stannous fluoride, or essential oils; or hypersensitivity control through the use of ingredients such as stannous fluoride, strontium chloride or potassium nitrate."


WO2011084298(特表2013-514737)
"[002] Modern(現在の)mobile phones携帯電話;*無冠詞複数)have evolved over recent years(近年)to the point where they now possess a broad range of capabilities. They are not only capable of placing((電話を)かける)and receiving mobile phone calls, multimedia messaging (MMS), and sending and receiving email, they can also access the Internet, are GPS-enabled, possess considerable processing power and large amounts of memory, and are equipped with high-resolution color liquid crystal displays capable of detecting touch input. As such(このように;*そのようなものとして、したがって), today's mobile phones are general purpose computing and telecommunication devices capable of running a multitude of applications."


WO2005109912(特表2007-531465)
"[0002] Systems and networks(*無冠詞複数)for transmitting information are well known and are often classified according to the size of the coverage area of the respective system or network. As one example, a wide area network (WAN) may provide coverage over a wide area, for example over an entire a city, state, or region of a country."


WO2014179109(特表2016-523751)
"[0002] Autonomous vehicles自動運転車両;*無冠詞複数)use various computing systems to aid in(支援)transporting passengers from one location to another. Some autonomous vehicles(*無冠詞複数)may require some initial input or continuous input from an operator, such as a pilot, driver, or passenger. Other systems(他のシステム;*無冠詞複数), for example autopilot systems, may be used only when the system(システム;*定冠詞単数、今問題と(しようと)している、対象の、当該の、従って不定でない、one and onlyであるシステム)has been engaged, which permits the operator to switch from a manual mode (where the operator exercises a high degree of control over the movement of the vehicle(定冠詞単数;*対象の車両) to an autonomous mode (where the vehicle essentially drives itself) to modes that lie somewhere in between."


WO2015026352(特表2016-532948)
"Currently most computerized assisted or autonomous driving systems(*無冠詞複数)are designed to be deployed in the developed economy markets, such as the American, European or Japanese markets, where there are long histories of wide spread use of private motor vehicles and associated large population of experienced drivers, as well as strictly enforced codified traffic laws. These systems tend to mimic an idealized rule(理想化した規則;*不定冠詞単数、ある、未定義の、具体的な規則), following a risk averse driving style. Introducing computerized assisted or autonomous driving systems that follow standard conservative US driving practices, into emerging or under developed economy markets will likely create chaos in the roads of these emerging or under developed economy markets, since drivers in some of the emerging or underdeveloped economy markets may not adhere to(固執;*良しとする)the same driving style. In fact, current computerized assisted or autonomous driving systems, designed with a risk averse driving style may have difficulty navigating some of the most straight forward stop signs in developed markets with large populations of experienced drivers, because these systems tend to fail to nudge the vehicles forward in a manner that is convincing to the other cars when multiple cars are waiting. Further, all streets are not equally safe for road users: public spaces may present more or less risk to car users for personal or property crimes, affecting how drivers use these roads, and maneuver their cars on them."

一般的な話から入るので、無冠詞複数が多いのは当然かもしれない。

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本ブログの「特許英語散策」等題した部分では、英語の例文を管理人の独断と偏見で収集し、適宜訳文・訳語を記載しています。 訳文等は原則として対応日本語公報をそのまま写したものです。私個人のコメント部分は(大抵)”*”を付しています。 訳語は多数の翻訳者の長年の努力の結晶ですが、誤訳、転記ミスもあると思いますのでご注意ください。