特徴量ふたたび：amountやvalue等は不要？

As the translation of 機械状態特徴量を算出する特徴量算出部, which of the following is better?

1. A feature amount calculation unit that calculates a machine state feature amount.

2. A feature calculation unit that calculates a machine state feature.

ChatGPT:

ChatGPT

Option 2 is the better choice:

"A feature calculation unit that calculates a machine state feature."

Here’s why:

• "Feature calculation unit" is more concise and natural in English compared to "feature amount calculation unit." The word "amount" is unnecessary, as "feature" by itself conveys the intended meaning.
• "Machine state feature" is clearer and more standard than "machine state feature amount." The term "feature" already implies a measurable aspect of the system, so "amount" is redundant.

In technical contexts, shorter, more direct phrases are often preferred for clarity. Therefore, Option 2 is both more conventional and concise.

US11468268(DASSAULT SYSTEMES [FR])
[0070] But many drawbacks are inherent to the existing methods. Some require manual supervision [18], and the others require a low variability of the shapes.
【００３６】
  しかし、既存の方法には多くの欠点がある。あるものは手動での監視を必要とし［１８］、形について変動性が低いものもある。

Some methods also need very clean meshes to be able to compute accurate features.
また正確な特徴量を算出するのに非常にクリーンなメッシュも必要とする方法もある。

Some methods compute the alignment of all the dataset by a pairwise matching of each element with respect to one reference mesh, but are not able to leverage the whole dataset at once to compute a consistent frame.
また、いくつかの方法は、１つの基準メッシュに関して各要素のペアワイズマッチングを行うことにより、全てのデータセットの整列について算出するが、データセット全体を一度に活用して一貫したフレームを算出することができない。

Moreover, there is no fast way to co-align a new 3D model when the dataset has been aligned.
さらには、データセットを整列させたときに、新しい３Ｄモデルを同時整列させる高速な方法はない。

Finally, if some errors are made, manifold learning cannot correct the mistakes in the alignment without learning all the possible rotations with data augmentation.
最後に、何らかのエラーが発生した場合、畳み込み学習では、可能性のある全ての回転についてデータの拡大を伴いつつ、学習することなしには、整列における誤りを訂正することができない。

The same drawbacks apply also to co-segmentation methods.
同様の欠点が、同時セグメント化法にも当てはまる。

EP4334941(ELUCID BIOIMAGING INC [US])
The virtual ‘omics engine 310 is configured to receive the test subject data 302b and generate virtual ‘omics data 312.
仮想オーミクスエンジン310は、被験者データ302bを受け取り、仮想オーミクスデータ312を生成するように構成される。

The test subject data 302b include computed tomography angiograph (CTA) imaging data of a plaque from the test subject, plaque morphology data, and proteomics data corresponding to the test subject.
被験者データ302bは、被験者からのプラークのコンピュータ断層血管造影(CTA)イメージングデータ、プラーク形態データ、および被験者に対応するプロテオミクスデータを含む。

As shown in FIG. 6B, molecular measurements such as protein levels (proteomics) and gene expressions (transcriptomics) can be estimated based on a comparison between CTA images used in training the virtual ‘omics engine 310 and a patient’s CTA image not used in training.
図6Bに示されるように、タンパク質レベル(プロテオミクス)および遺伝子発現(トランスクリプトミクス)などの分子測定結果が、仮想オーミクスエンジン310を訓練する際に使用されるCTA画像と、訓練に使用されない患者のCTA画像との比較に基づいて推定され得る。

The test subject data 302b correspond to the data used to train the virtual ‘omics engine 310.
被験者データ302bは、仮想オーミクスエンジン310を訓練するために使用されるデータに対応する。

During training, the virtual ‘omics engine 310 identifies features in CTA imaging data (e.g., a particular plaque morphology) that are predictive of the molecular measurements. 
訓練の間、仮想オーミクスエンジン310は、分子測定結果を予測するものであるCTAイメージングデータ(たとえば、特定のプラーク形態)の中の特徴量を特定する。

過去分詞の示す時制：過去、未来

Translate: 本発明は半導体製造に使用される部材を提供する。

ChatGPT:

ChatGPT

The present invention provides a component used in semiconductor manufacturing.

あなた:

Translate: 本発明は半導体製造で使用された部材をリサイクルする。

ChatGPT:

ChatGPT

The present invention recycles components used in semiconductor manufacturing.

あなた:

Is it solely or mostly the context that determines whether the "component used" is interpreted to be a component that is to be used in the future or a component that has been used in the past?

ChatGPT:

ChatGPT

Yes, it is primarily the context that determines whether the phrase "component used" refers to a component that is to be used in the future or one that has been used in the past. The key factor is whether the broader sentence or paragraph suggests an action that is anticipatory (future use) or retrospective (past use).

For example:

• Future use: "This invention provides a component used in semiconductor manufacturing." (The implication is that the component will be used for future manufacturing purposes.)
• Past use: "This invention recycles components used in semiconductor manufacturing." (Here, the context clearly refers to components that were used in the past and are now being recycled.)

In the sentence "This invention provides a component used in semiconductor manufacturing," without further context, it might lean toward future use because "provides" typically indicates something being offered or supplied for future use. In contrast, "This invention recycles components used in semiconductor manufacturing" clearly refers to components that were used in the past, as the act of recycling naturally implies previous use.

Thus, while the phrase itself is grammatically ambiguous, the surrounding context (like the verbs "provides" or "recycles") helps clarify the meaning.

あなた:

So, if the phrase "the component used in semiconductor manufacturing" is considered by itself, it is not clear whether it indicates a component used in the past or a component to be used in the future, is it?

ChatGPT:

ChatGPT

Yes, that's correct. If the phrase "the component used in semiconductor manufacturing" is considered in isolation, it is ambiguous and does not clearly indicate whether it refers to a component that has been used in the past or one that is intended for future use.

The phrase "used in semiconductor manufacturing" could describe:

• A component that was used in past manufacturing processes.
• A component that is used or will be used in future or ongoing manufacturing processes.

Without additional context (such as a verb like "recycles" or "provides" or further information about timing), the phrase by itself leaves the time frame undefined. The context around the phrase is necessary to clarify the intended meaning.

（別の質問の後）

あなた:

Referring back to the question of the timing of use of a component, it is therefore better, isn't it, to clearly indicate the timing by using words such as "to be used" (future) or "that has been used" (past) if the writer knows the timing and yet there is no room for describing the context clearly indicating the timing?

ChatGPT:

ChatGPT

Yes, exactly! If the writer knows the timing of the use of the component and the context does not clearly indicate it, it is better to explicitly state the timing using phrases like "to be used" (for future use) or "that has been used" (for past use). This removes any ambiguity and ensures that the reader clearly understands whether the component is intended for future use or has already been used.

For example:

• "A component to be used in semiconductor manufacturing" (clearly future use).
• "A component that has been used in semiconductor manufacturing" (clearly past use).

By specifying the timing explicitly, you make the meaning clear and avoid potential confusion, especially in technical or legal writing where precision is important.

合成焦点距離

US2023326715(ASML NETHERLANDS BV [NL])
The control lens array 250 and objective lens array 241 may thus be positioned relatively close together, with a focusing action from the control lens array 250 that is too weak to form an intermediate focus between the control lens array 250 and objective lens array 241 .
従って、制御レンズアレイ２５０及び対物レンズアレイ２４１は、比較的互いの近くに配置され得、このとき、制御レンズアレイ２５０からの集束作用は、弱く、制御レンズアレイ２５０と対物レンズアレイ２４１との間に中間焦点を形成しない。

The control lens array and the objective lens array operate together to form a combined focal length to the same surface. Combined operation without an intermediate focus may reduce the risk of aberrations.
制御レンズアレイ及び対物レンズアレイは、一緒に動作して、同じ表面への合成焦点距離を形成する。中間焦点のない合成動作により、収差の危険性が低減され得る。

In other embodiments, the objective lens array assembly may be configured to form an intermediate focus between the control lens array 250 and the objective lens array 241 .
他の実施形態では、対物レンズアレイアセンブリは、制御レンズアレイ２５０と対物レンズアレイ２４１との間に中間焦点を形成するように構成され得る。

US9013477(KONINKL PHILIPS NV [NL])
[0201] FIG. 27 illustrates the effect of synthetic refocusing on the position of the individual camera contributions to the output image.
【０１１５】
  図２７は、出力画像への個別のカメラ寄与の位置の合成的な再フォーカスの効果を例示する。

The true distance object distance of point P is indicated by zp .
ポイントＰの撮影距離（対象物距離）の正確な距離は、ｚ_ｐにより示される。

From top to bottom the synthetic focus distance z is set to infinity (z=∞), (much) larger than the object distance, equal to the object distance (z=zp ), at which focus distance the four images coincide, and smaller than the object distance.
上から下まで、合成焦点距離ｚは、無限（ｚ＝∞）、対象物距離より（ずっと）大きく、４つの画像が一致する焦点距離である対象物距離（ｚ＝ｚ_ｐ）に等しく、また、対象物距離より小さく設定される。

Instead of the familiar defocus blur, an incorrectly focused object appears as multiple superimposed copies.
普通のデフォーカスぼやけの代わりに、誤ってフォーカスされた対象物は複数の重畳されたコピーとして現れる。

US2005182322(LIEBEL FLARSHEIM CO [US])
[0039] As a result of this structure, when the neck of syringe 36 is filled with fluid, light rays emitted from light source 126 follow paths through the neck of syringe 36, which reflect and return to light sensor 127, such as path 129 illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4.
【００２９】
  この構成によって、注射器３６のネックが流体で満たされているとき、光源１２６から放射された光線は、図３，４に示す経路１２９のように、注射器３６のネックを貫通する経路を通って、反射されて光センサ１２７に戻る。

Accordingly, under such conditions, sensor 127 will produce a digital signal indicating receipt of light, which indicates the absence of air in the syringe neck.
したがって、このような状態では、センサ１２７は受光を示すデジタル信号を生成し、注射器のネックに空気が存在しないことを示す。

(The combined focal length of the lens in light source 126 and collar 124a, is longer than the distance travelled by light along path 129, i.e., longer than twice the distance between collar 124a and collar 124b.)
（光源１２６およびカラー１２４ａにおけるレンズの合成焦点距離は、経路１２９に沿って光が伝わる距離よりも長く、すなわちカラー１２４ａおよびカラー１２４ｂ間の距離の２倍よりも長い。）

から順に：修飾句の位置

Which is more preferable or conventional?

1. This device includes a lens A, a lens B, and a lens C in order from the object side.

2. This device includes, in order from the object side, a lens A, a lens B, and a lens C.

ChatGPT:

ChatGPT

Both sentences are grammatically correct, but the second sentence is generally more preferable and conventional in technical writing, especially in fields like patent applications or scientific descriptions. This is because it places the qualifier ("in order from the object side") closer to the beginning, which makes the structure clearer and smoother to read.

Here’s why the second sentence is often preferred:

• Clarity: Placing the qualifier early on prevents it from being buried in the middle of the sentence, making the relationship between the elements more immediately clear.
• Conventional structure: In technical writing, front-loading qualifiers or conditions is common, as it helps to set up expectations before listing the elements being described.

So, option 2 is a more conventional and clearer choice in formal or technical contexts: "This device includes, in order from the object side, a lens A, a lens B, and a lens C."

屈折力：冠詞

Translate: この装置は正の屈折力を有するレンズを有する。

ChatGPT:

ChatGPT

The device includes a lens with positive refractive power.

あなた:

Why isn't there an indefinite article "a" before "positive refractive power"?

ChatGPT:

ChatGPT

In English, an indefinite article like "a" is typically used before singular, countable nouns (e.g., "a lens," "a device"). However, "positive refractive power" is a non-countable concept, describing a general characteristic or quality of the lens rather than a distinct object. As a result, we don't use an indefinite article before it.

If "refractive power" were being described as one of several specific levels or quantities, you might see "a refractive power of X," but when referring to the general quality (positive refractive power), no article is needed.

湿熱

US11745485(MITSUBISHI CHEM CORP [JP])
[0011] (3) A fiber-reinforced composite material having both interlaminar toughness of mode I in which the fine particles of a polyamide are disposed in the interlaminar region and compressive strength in a hot and humid environment (Patent Document 3).
  （３）層間領域にポリアミドの微粒子を配置したモードＩ層間靭性と湿熱時圧縮強度を兼ね備えた繊維強化複合材料（特許文献３）。