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Mystery of Dimension(PART 1)

2019-08-23 10:57:20 | ミステリー
 

Mystery of Dimension(PART 1)

 


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Kato. . . , what kind of mystery is that?


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Diane, have you ever heard of a four-dimensional world?

Of course, I have. . . We're living in the four-dimensional world or spacetime world, aren't we?

Yes, most of us believe we are, but actually we're living in a 10-dimensional world.

You gotta be kidding!

I'm dead serious!

But what about other six dimensions? What the heck are they? . . . And where in the world do we find those six dimensions?

Good question! . . . Tell me, Diane, what the dimension is.

Well. . . the dimension is a measurable extent of some kind, such as length, breadth, depth, or height. . . So usually we can move along the vertical, horizontal, height and time axis. . . Therefore, it is said that we're living in a four-dimensional world.

 


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You're darn right on that. . . But according to some mathematicians, our world has ten dimensions, which is mathematically proven.



Are you pulling my leg?

Oh no. . . I'm profoundly dead serious. . . If you're in doubt, you should view the following clip.

 


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In other words, the 10-dimensional world has something to do with the birth of the universe, huh?



That's right. . . If you look carefully at the clip above, you can understand it. . .

Kato, can you understand it by only watching the above clip?

I think I can. . .

You can understand because you've got an engineering background, but I'm a student of liberal arts. . . Please explain it easily so that I can understand. . .

Well, first of all, I'll talk about two theoritical physicists. . .

 


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The above two men are said to be the creators of the so-called superstring theory, but Joël Scherk, French physicist, died at the age of 34. . .



Was he killed by a traffic accident?

Oh no. . . He is said to have died because he suffered from severe diabetes. They say, he died of overdose. . .

So, that superstring theory is related to the 10-dimensional world, isn't it?

That's right. . . Currently, in his 70s John Schwarz teaches theoretical physics at the California Institute of Technology. . .

 


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This photo shows that Professor Schwarz teaches students in the lecture room, huh?



Oh no, he doesn't. . . He's writing mathematical formulas on the blackboard in his own office. . .

Is he doing research on a blackboard without using a computer? It’s much faster to do research using a personal computer. . . He could get better research, I suppose.

No, not really because no matter how great software he uses on his personal computer, he cannot get an original idea.

Why is that?

It is because every software and programs were originally created by humans. . . As long as you use such software, you will not come up with original ideas. . . So, in order to derive original formulas, it is best to do research while writing formulas by hand using a blackboard or whiteboard. . .

I see. . .

By the way, the big bang that occurred 13.8 billion years ago was predicted by a mathematical formula. . .

What is that formula?

That is Einstein's general theory of relativity. . .

 


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Is Einstein's general theory of relativity flawed compared to the superstring theory?



Yes, it is. . . The general relativity cannot unravel the bottom of the black hole, that is, the profoundly microscopic world. . .

why. . . ?

It turns out that the birth of the universe has a deep connection with black holes. . .

 


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The big bang and the black hole are very similar in structure. . . The big bang and the bottom of the black hole are mathematically the only keys to the birth of the universe. . . In other words, in order to explore the birth of the universe, it is necessary to elucidate the black holes mathematically. . . However, the general theory of relativity cannot unravel the bottom of the black hole. . .



Why can the general relativity not unravel it?

If the depth of the black hole is squeezed by general relativity, the denominator will be zero at the depth of the black hole. . . This means infinity!

 


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What's wrong when the denominator becomes zero and becomes infinite?



When the denominator beconmes zero, it cannot be calculated in the mathematical formula. . . So, if you try to unravel the depth of a black hole with a mathematical formula, you cannot apply the general relativity, which is not valid. . .

In short, in order to unravel the depth of a black hole with a mathematical formula, you must understand the birth of the universe, huh?

That's right. . .

 


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"Zoom In"

 



In other words, unless the infinite problem is solved, the birth of the universe cannot be solved, huh?



You're telling me. . .

So what happened?

Somebody came up with an idea. . . How about combining quantum mechanics with general relativity? . . .

 


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This idea came to the mind of Matvei Bronstein (1906-1938) in the Soviet era. . .

 


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He was a genius of theoretical physics. . . It is said that at the age of 19 he had understood the mathematical formulas of quantum mechanics and general relativity completely.



Wow! . . . So why did he die so young?

Just when he was immersed in his research, that is, in 1937, he was arrested and killed by Stalin. . . The intellectuals who were doing suspicious research seemed to Stalin an enemy who must be purged. . .

 


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Stalin did a terrible thing, didn't he? . . . So what happened to the study of Matvei Bronstein?



Unfortunately, combining the two mathematical formulas did not provide an infinite solution. . . As the research progressed, the theoretical physicists found a great deal of infinity in the profoundly microscopic world. . .

 


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So the problem of infinity had deepened, huh?



That's right. . . So, most researchers gave up and threw away the infinite mystery.

What happened then?

About 40 years later, precisely in 1974, two unknown theoretical physicists published a paper that solved the mystery. . . They are Joël Scherk and John Schwarz introduced above. . .

 


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They were studying string theory that no one looked at. . . In this string theory, elementary particles are not dots but strings like threads.

 


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John Schwarz went further and discovered the superstring theory that solves an infinite problem. . . If an elementary particle is a point, it becomes infinite when two elementary particles collide.



So . . . ?

In the superstring theory, the distance does not become zero even if it collides because elementary particles are strings---not points, so there is no infinity. . .

 


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However, there was a problem here. . . The condition that supports the superstring theory seems impossible in reality!



What is that condition?

The superstring theory is valid only in a 10-dimensionnal world.

 


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That means that the universe was born as a 10-dimensional universe, huh?



That's right. . . However, from a common-sense point of view, our world is not a 10-dimensional world. . .

According to Einstein, we're living in a four-dimensional world or spacetime world. . . What are the other six dimensions?

So, many researchers came to conclusion that this theory was absurd and they gave up.

How about the followers of the superstring theory?

They combined two formulas, namely those of general relativity and quantum mechanics.

 


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When they verified whether the two formulas were included in the superstring theory formula, they were surprised to see the superstring formula include two formulas that seem to be completely unrelated. . . And they found the perfect number (496) appearing one after another.

 


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Perfect number

 

In number theory, a perfect number is a positive integer that is equal to the sum of its positive divisors, excluding the number itself.
For instance, 6 has divisors 1, 2 and 3 (excluding itself), and 1 + 2 + 3 = 6, so 6 is a perfect number.

The sum of divisors of a number, excluding the number itself, is called its aliquot sum, so a perfect number is one that is equal to its aliquot sum.
Equivalently, a perfect number is a number that is half the sum of all of its positive divisors including itself i.e. σ1(n) = 2n.
For instance, 28 is perfect as 1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 14 + 28 = 56 = 2 × 28.

This definition is ancient, appearing as early as Euclid's Elements (VII.22) where it is called τέλειος ἀριθμός (perfect, ideal, or complete number).
Euclid also proved a formation rule (IX.36) whereby q ( q + 1 ) / 2 {\displaystyle q(q+1)/2} {\displaystyle q(q+1)/2} is an even perfect number whenever q {\displaystyle q} q is a prime of the form 2 p − 1 {\displaystyle 2^{p}-1} 2^{p}-1 for prime p {\displaystyle p} p—what is now called a Mersenne prime.

Two millennia later, Euler proved that all even perfect numbers are of this form.
This is known as the Euclid–Euler theorem.

It is not known whether there are any odd perfect numbers, nor whether infinitely many perfect numbers exist.
The first few perfect numbers are 6, 28, 496 and 8128 (sequence A000396 in the OEIS).




Source: “Perfect number”
Free encyclopedia "Wikipedia"




In other words, it was thought for ages that perfect numbers symbolize completeness. . .



That's right. . . Anyway, the news that the two formulas are included in the formula of the superstring theory became known to researchers all over the world. . . It was a sensation!

That's how the superstring theory attracted attention, huh?

You're telling me, Diane.

But what are the other six dimensions?

Well, for example, the one-dimensional world for humans are actually two-dimensional or three-dimensional world for ladybugs. . .

 


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In other words, as shown above, the person on a tightrope is one-dimensional on the cable. . . The person can only move forward and backward. . . However, there are dimensions invisible to the human eye because, for the ladybug, it is two-dimensional or three-dimensional world. . .



I see. . . But what exactly do you mean by a 10-dimensional world?

The remaining 6 dimensions are hidden in one ultra-micro world of one trillionth of a trillion of an atom!

 


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This solved the 10-dimensional problem, but there were more problems. . . The genius of that wheelchair proposed the “Hawking Paradox”.

 


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“Why is heat generated at the bottom

of a black hole where even elementary particles

cannot move?”


 



So who solved it?



Joseph Polchinski, who appeared in the photo above, succeeded in calculating the heat of the black hole by adding a group of strings called "D-brane".

 


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The film-like elementary particles move around in six dimensions, generating heat. . .

 


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In other words, Joseph Polchinski solved all the problems?



No, not really. . . In the latest research, some scientists insist that this universe is not 10-dimensional but 11-dimentional, and there is a hypothesis that there are a great number of universes---10 to the 500th power. . . The problem is deepening. . .

I wonder if scientists try to experimentally confirme that there are actually the remaining 6 dimensions.

Yes, they do. . . At the famous European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) in France, scientists are experimenting to actually verify the remaining six dimensions using a giant accelerator. . .

 


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Talking about the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), the World Wide Web (WWW) was born here, huh?



That's right. . . You're telling me. . .

 


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(To be continued)








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Mystery of Dimension(PART 2)

2019-08-23 10:56:16 | ミステリー




 

Mystery of Dimension(PART 2)


【Himiko's Monologue】


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Do you think that theoritical physicists improve our way of life?

You might think they are simply thinking at their desks---nothing more, nothing less.

Well, Dr. Michio Kaku will answer your question.

 


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How do you like his presentation?

Are you tired of listening to his talk?

Well... here's a mood-changing tune just for you.

Gess what?... You can now laught to the last tears.

 


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  Mr. Mathane



 

In any road, I expect Kato will write another interesting article soon.

So please come back to see me.

Have a nice day!

Bye bye ...


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If you've got some time,

Please read one of the following artciles:





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"JAGEL"

"JAGEL Again"

"Say NO!"

Happy Gal in Canada

Roof of Vancouver

Aftershock

Whiplash

Sex Appeal

Better Off Without Senate

Fire Festival

Sweets@Paris

Scary Quake

MH370 Mystery

Putin's Way

Trump @ Vancouver

Otter & Trump


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Changeling

Fiddler on the Roof

Flesh and Bone

Maiden's Prayer

Romeo & Juliet

Trump @ Joke

Halloween in Shibuya

Trump Shock

Happy New Year!


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Life or Death

Way to Millionaire

Adele Hugo

Middle Sexes

Romance@Madison

Hacksaw Ridge

Eight the Dog

Halloween@Shibuya

Chef Babette


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Ramen Boom

from Korea

Omakase@Sushi

Crocodile Meat

Killer Floods

Climate of Doubt

Glory of Death

Big Mystery

Hitler and Trump

Hot October

2018 BC Ballot

Bach Collegium Japan

Dolly the Sheep

Golden Shower

Cleopatra

Strange Love

Quartet

Unknown Tragedy

World War B.C.



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Hi, I'm June Adams.

Kato is a real movie lover, who tries to watch 1001 movies.

As a matter of fact, he has already accomplished his goal.


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『Actual List』


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Kato watched "The Arabian Nights" or "One Thousand and One Nights" as his 1001th movie.

You might just as well want to view it.


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The stories in "the Arabian Nights" were collected over many centuries by various authors, translators, and scholars across West, Central, and South Asia and North Africa.

The tales themselves trace their roots back to ancient and medieval Arabic, Persian, Indian, Egyptian and Mesopotamian folklore and literature.

In particular, many tales were originally folk stories from the Caliphate era, while others, especially the frame story, are most probably drawn from the Pahlavi Persian work Hazār Afsān which in turn relied partly on Indian elements.

What is common throughout all the editions of the Nights is the initial frame story of the ruler Shahryār and his wife Scheherazade and the framing device incorporated throughout the tales themselves.

The stories proceed from this original tale.

Some are framed within other tales, while others begin and end of their own accord.

Some editions contain only a few hundred nights, while others include 1,001 or more.


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ところで、愛とロマンに満ちた

レンゲさんのお話をまとめて

『レンゲ物語』を作りました。

もし、レンゲさんの記事をまとめて読みたいならば、

次のリンクをクリックしてくださいね。

『愛とロマンのレンゲ物語』


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『軽井沢タリアセン夫人 - 小百合物語』

とにかく、今日も一日楽しく愉快に

ネットサーフィンしましょうね。

じゃあね。



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曇ってきたを英語で

2019-08-23 10:53:21 | 英語・英会話
 

曇ってきたを英語で?

 


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ごきげんいかがですか?
カナダのオタワよりこんにちは。。。

季節の変わり目は風邪を引きやすいです。
気をつけてくださいね。

去年の12月のお話でも。。。


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オタワは、どんよりと曇っていました。
でもスケート日和でしたわ。

ところで、曇ってきたわ、って英語でなんと言うのでしょうか?
あなたに英語のクイズを3つばかり。。。

次の( )の中に、すぐ下の6つの単語の中から最もふさわしいと思うものを選んでくださいね。

 1. 曇ってきたわ。
   It's starting to (     ) over.

   【 white overcast cloud cast fog loud 】

 2. 天気予報には今日は雨が降るって書いてある。
   The weather report (     ) that it's going to rain today.

   【 tells shouts announces calls says shows 】

 3. 傘を持って行った方がいいわね。
   I'd better take an (     ).

   【 parasol sunshade umbrella ambulance automobile mushroom 】


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どうですか?
できましたか?
中学校の英語力で出来ると思います。

1. 曇ってきたわ。
   It's starting to cloud over.

このように言うのですね。
この場合のcloudは動詞です。
cloud overで「曇る」という意味になりますよ。

名詞だと次のように使われます。

・ Clouds always follow the sunshine.
  良い事には邪魔が入りやすい。

  これは英語の諺です。

・ There are no clouds in the sky now.
  今、空には雲が一つもない。

“大群”とか“集団”と言う意味にもなります。

・ A cloud of bees swarm around me.
  ミツバチの大群が私の周りに押し寄せてくる。

また“不明な点”とか“疑問点”と言う意味にもなりますよ。
次のように使われます。

・ A quiet title action is a legal process
  that removes an adverse claim or cloud
  on the title of property.

  権限確定手続きとは、不動産の権利に対する反対意見や
  不明な点を除去するための法的手続きである。

自動詞で“曇る”と言う意味です。
他動詞で“~を雲らせる”という意味になります。
次のように使われます。

・ The mirror is clouded from the steam.
  鏡が湯気で曇っている。

他動詞ではこれ以外に次のような意味がありますよ。

○ ~に暗雲を投げ掛ける、
○ ~に暗い影を落とす
○ ~に不透明感が出る

2. 天気予報には今日は雨が降るって書いてある。
   The weather report says that it's going to rain today.

The weather report says that ~
これは、ほぼ決まり文句です。
“天気予報には~と書いてある”と言う時に使います。


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3. 傘を持って行った方がいいわね。
   I'd better take an umbrella.

I'd better は I had better を短縮した言い方ですよ。

どうですか?
国際化と言う事を考えながら、もう一度英語を見直してみてはいかがですか?

ところで、あなたも翻訳に挑戦してみませんか?

ええっ?英語もよくできないのに翻訳などできません?

でも、もし、翻訳の勉強をしながら、お金がもらえるとしたらどうですか?

“うっそお~~、本当にほんと?”

そうなんですよ。本当なんですよ。報酬を受け取りながら、翻訳者になるための勉強ができます。

翻訳学校でも、通信教育でも、費用がかかることはあっても、報酬を受け取ることのできる勉強方法はありませんよね。
この翻訳の在宅インターンなら、全ての仕事に文字通り「仕事」として対価が支払われます。
あなたもプロ翻訳者になることができるんですよ。

どんなスクールで勉強しても、その結果は翻訳者として活躍できるようになるか、そうではないかの二つに一つしかありませんでしたよね。
この翻訳の在宅インターン制度を利用すると、翻訳者になる為の道のりがステップバイステップで明確になります。

欲しくても得ることのかなわなかった「翻訳の実務経験」が、経験ゼロから得られるようになりますよ。
翻訳の在宅インターンご登録に付随する費用は一切ありません。
もし、興味があったら次のリンクをクリックしてみてくださいね。

『家で翻訳の勉強/仕事をしながらお金がもらえる』

何事も一歩を踏み出すことが大切ですよ。
世界的な諺に次のようなものがありますよね。
「万里の道も一歩から」
じゃあ、がんばってね。
Good luck!
バ~♪~イ



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面白いためになる、

あなたのためのリンク



平成の紫式部、橘卑弥子でござ~ます
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『卑弥子の源氏物語』

『平成の紫式部』

■ めれんげさんの『即興の詩』

■ めれんげさんの『極私的詩集』

Jagel - Soft Japanese Bagel
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■ "JAGEL - Soft Japanese Bagel"


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■ 『あなたのために役に立つ保険ガイド』

■ 『見て楽しい、読んで面白い 私版・対訳ことわざ辞典』

■ 『笑って楽しめる 私版・対訳 慣用句・熟語辞典』

■ 『辞書にのってない英語スラング』


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『センスあるランジェリー』

■ 『オンライン自動翻訳利用法』

■ 『ちょっと変わった 新しい古代日本史』


 


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では、今日も元気良く

楽しくネットサーフィンしましょうね。



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