絶縁碍子

US9356433(DENSO INT AMERICA INC [US])
[0030] The spark plug 16 generally includes a terminal 66 , ribs 68 , external threads 70 , a central electrode 72 , and a lateral electrode 74 .
【００２４】
  点火プラグ１６は、端子６６、絶縁碍子６８、ねじ部７０、中央電極７２および側面電極７４を有する。

The spark plug 16 extends through the orifice 56 and into the bore 52 .
点火プラグ１６はオリフィス５６を通ってボア５２の中に挿入可能である。

The spark plug 16 is arranged such that the terminal 66 and the ribs 68 are seated within the bore 52 and the external threads 70 are connected to, for example, a cylinder head of a motor vehicle engine.
点火プラグ１６は、端子６６および絶縁碍子６８がボア５２の中に位置付けられるように、さらに、ねじ部７０が、例えば自動車用内燃機関のシリンダヘッドに接続されるように配置される。

The ignition coil 60 is in electrical contact with the terminal 66 to conduct current between the resistor 38 and the terminal 66 .
コイルスプリング６０は、抵抗器３８と端子６６との間の電流を流すために端子６６に電気的に接触する。

US8154210(SEMEQUIP INC [US])
[0170] FIG. 19C is an edge view of an aperture plate illustrating it's mounting to the main body of the ionization chamber by insulating stand offs.
【図１９Ｃ】図１９Ｃは、アパーチャプレートの端部の図であり、絶縁碍子によりアパーチャプレートをイオン化チャンバの本体に取り付けている様子を示す。

US8216015(FRAM GROUP IP LLC [NZ])
[0026] When spark plug 10 is threaded into the engine bore,
【００１８】
  スパークプラグ１０が、エンジンのボアにねじ込まれた場合、

insulator 41 provides a compressive force that transmits a mechanical connection between retainer 59 and ground shield 37 by urging ground shield frustoconical portion 31 into sealing engagement with annular retainer frustoconical portion 63 . 
絶縁碍子４１は、接地シールドの切頭円錐形部分３１を押して、環状の保持器の切頭円錐形部分６３と密封係合させることによって、保持器５９と接地シールド３７の間の機械的連結を伝達する圧縮力を提供する。

US8196459(SIEMENS VDO AUTOMOTIVE [FR])
[0024] The elements usually found on a spark plug can be seen on this single FIGURE.
【００１８】
  この図面には、スパークプラグに通常設けられている構成部分が示されている。

The latter includes a central electrode 2 in the traditional fashion, a ground electrode 4 , an insulating core 6 , and an external body 8 , also called at times a spark plug shell.
このスパークプラグは、従来の形式の中心電極２と、接地電極４と、絶縁碍子６と、スパークプラグシェルとも呼ばれる外側ボディ８とを有している。

US9595814(NGK SPARK PLUG CO [JP])
[0056] The spark plug 100 includes an insulator 10 (may be referred to as a “ceramic insulator 10 ”); the center electrode 20 ; the ground electrode 30 ;
【００４２】
  スパークプラグ１００は、絶縁体１０（「絶縁碍子１０」とも呼ぶ）と、中心電極２０と、接地電極３０と、

the terminal metal fixture 40 ; a metal shell 50 ; a first conductive sealing portion 60 ; a resistor 70 ;
端子金具４０と、主体金具５０と、第１導電性シール部６０と、抵抗体７０と、

a second conductive sealing portion 75 ; a magnetic substance structure 200 ; a covering portion 290 ; a third conductive sealing portion 80 ;
第２導電性シール部７５と、磁性体構造物２００と、被覆部２９０と、第３導電性シール部８０と、

a leading end side packing 8 ; talc 9 ; a first rear end-side packing 6 ; and a second rear end-side packing 7 .
先端側パッキン８と、タルク９と、第１後端側パッキン６と、第２後端側パッキン７と、を備えている。

US11685695(KYOCERA CORP [JP])
[0006] As aluminum nitride-based sintered compact that exhibits excellent insulation performance in a high-temperature region, there is known aluminum nitride-based sintered compact with magnesium or a magnesium-containing compound added.
【０００４】
  高温領域における絶縁性に優れた窒化アルミニウム質焼結体として、マグネシウム、またはマグネシウムを含む化合物を添加した窒化アルミニウム質焼結体が知られている。

For example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication JP-A 4-118883 (1992) (Patent Literature 1) discloses,
例えば、特許文献１では、

as an insulator for spark plug, aluminum nitride-based ceramic sintered compact having magnesium-containing grain boundary phase, which exhibits high insulation resistance at a temperature of 700° C.
スパークプラグの絶縁碍子として、マグネシウムを含む粒界相を備えた、７００℃での絶縁抵抗が高い窒化アルミニウムのセラミック焼結体が開示されている。

イオンの伝導性を有する

US10508207(MACDERMID ENTHONE INC [US])
In another aspect, the invention relates to a conductive polymer layer on a dielectric substrate,
【００７８】
  別の態様では、本発明は、誘電体基板上の伝導性ポリマー層であって、

characterized in that the polymer layer comprises a metal ion or other metallic or nitrogenous ion selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, aluminum, beryllium, bismuth, boron, indium, and alkylimidazolium.
金属イオン又はリチウム、ナトリウム、アルミニウム、ベリリウム、ビスマス、ホウ素、インジウム、及びアルキルイミダゾリウムからなる群から選択される他の金属イオン若しくは窒素イオンを含むことを特徴とするポリマー層に関する。

Surprisingly it was found that when using a composition for the formation of electrically conductive polymers on the surface of a dielectric substrate as described above,
驚くべきことに、上記誘電体基板の表面に電気的な伝導性ポリマーを形成するために組成物を使用したとき、

the metallic or nitrogenous ions comprised in the composition are incorporated into the conductive polymer layer.
前記組成物に含まれる金属イオン又は窒素イオンが伝導性ポリマー層に組み込まれることが見出された。

While not being bound to this theory, it is believed that this incorporation of metal ions into the conductive polymer layer contributes to the conductivity of the conductive polymer layer, thereby reducing the electrical resistance of the layer.
この理論に縛られるものではないが、この金属イオンの伝導性ポリマー層への組込みは、伝導性ポリマー層の伝導性に寄与し、それによって、前記層の電気抵抗を低減すると考えられる。

US11749826(JTEC ENERGY INC [US])
[0041] Each membrane 6 , 8 , is an ion conductive membrane.
【００３４】
  各膜６、８は、イオン伝導膜である。

More preferably, each membrane 6 , 8 , is in the form of a thin film electrolyte layer, and most preferably a dense thin film electrolyte layer.
より好ましくは、各膜６、８は、薄膜状電解質層の形態、最も好ましくは高密度の薄膜状電解質層の形態である。

Preferably, each thin film electrolyte membrane 6 , 8 has a thickness of less than 10 μm, and more preferably from 0.03 μm to 10 μm.
好ましくは、各薄膜状電解質膜６、８は、１０μｍ未満、より好ましくは０．０３μｍ～１０μｍの厚さを有する。

Preferably, each thin film electrolyte membrane 6 , 8 is conductive of ions of the working fluid. 
好ましくは、各薄膜状電解質膜６、８は、作動流体のイオンの伝導性を有する。

US9577289(SION POWER CORP [US])
The second electrolyte solvent may have characteristics that favor better cathode performance such as high lithium ion conductivity, and may have a wide liquid state temperature range.
第二電解質溶媒は、カソードの性能に対して有利な特性、例えば、高いリチウムイオンの伝導性を有することができ、そして広い液体状態の温度範囲を有することができる。

In some cases, the second electrolyte solvent has a higher reactivity to lithium than the first electrolyte solvent.
幾つかの場合においては、第二電解質溶媒は第一電解質溶媒よりもリチウムに対してより高い反応性を有する。

It may be desirable, therefore, to cause the second electrolyte solvent to be present at the cathode (i.e., away from the anode) during operation of the electrochemical cell, thereby effectively reducing its concentration, and reactivity, at the anode.
したがって、電気化学的電池の動作の間は、第二電解質溶媒をカソードにおいて（すなわち、アノードから離して）存在させるのが望ましく、それによってアノードにおけるその濃度と反応性を効果的に低下させることができる。

US11916187(UNIV MICHIGAN REGENTS [US])
[0006] Currently, the liquid electrolyte used in SOA Li-ion batteries is not compatible with advanced battery concepts, such as the use of a lithium metal anode or high voltage cathodes.
【０００６】
  現在、最先端Ｌｉイオン電池に使用されている液体電解質は、リチウム金属アノード又は高電圧カソードの使用などの先進電池概念とは馴染まない。

Furthermore, the liquid utilized in SOA Li-ion batteries is flammable and susceptible to combustion upon thermal runaway. 
さらに、最先端Ｌｉイオン電池に利用されている液体は可燃性であり、熱暴走すると燃焼を生じやすい。

One strategy is to develop solid state batteries, where the liquid electrolyte is replaced with a solid material that is conductive to Li+ ions and can offer 3-4 times the energy density while reducing the battery pack cost by about 20%. 
１つの戦略として、液体電解質を、Ｌｉ⁺イオンの伝導性を有するとともにバッテリパックコストを約２０％削減しつつも３～４倍のエネルギー密度を提供可能な固体材料に置き換えた固体状電池の開発が挙げられる。

変化の傾き

US2023238135(MASSACHUSETTS GEN HOSPITAL [US])
[0117] In some non-limiting examples, the block 210 can include a computing device determining a threshold based on a change in intensity values of a distribution being greater than a threshold value (e.g., magnitude of a slope).
【００７５】
  いくつかの非限定的な例では、ブロック２１０は、コンピューティングデバイスが、分布の強度値の変化が閾値（例えば、傾きの大きさ）よりも大きいことに基づいて閾を決定することを含むことができる。

In other words, the threshold can be the intensity value of the distribution at the location within the distribution in which the magnitude of the slope of the change in intensity values is greater than a threshold value. 
換言すると、閾は、強度値の変化の傾きの大きさが閾値よりも大きい分布内の位置における分布の強度値とすることができる。

US2023227980(NOVELIS INC [US])
[0125] The polarization resistance (Rp) values of the samples were measured by sweeping the potential of the cell ±10 mV with respect to the OCP and measuring the current.
【００９８】
  サンプルの分極抵抗（Ｒｐ）値は、セルの電位をＯＣＰに対して±１０ｍＶスイープし、電流を測定することにより測定した。

The Rp is determined by the slope of the change in the applied potential to the change in measured current.
Ｒｐは、測定電流の変化に対する印加電位の変化の傾きによって決定される。

US2022340476(CORNING INC [US])
[0029] FIG. 2 is a plot illustrating Young's modulus in gigaPascals as a function of fictive temperature for glasses comprising three different divalent oxides, CaO, SrO and BaO, and further indicating the slope of the change in Young's modulus for each;
【図２】ＣａＯ、ＳｒＯ及びＢａＯの３種の二価酸化物を含むガラスの仮想温度に応じたヤング率（ギガパスカル）の変化を示し、更にそれぞれのヤング率の変化の傾きを示したプロットである。

US11638540(DEXCOM INC [US])
[0133] Accurate detection of implantation time can also enable faster startup of analyte sensor system 8 in terms of providing analyte information to a user.
【０１０９】
  埋め込み時間の正確な検出はまた、分析物情報をユーザに提供する観点では、分析物センサシステム８のより速い始動を可能にすることができる。

For example, a more accurate implantation time may be useful for an analyte calculation algorithm implemented in analyte sensor system 8 to determine an appropriate time point to begin displaying analyte information to a user (e.g., a confidence level between signal and analyte conversion).
例えば、より正確な埋め込み時間は、分析物センサシステム８に実装された分析物計算アルゴリズムが、分析物情報をユーザに表示し始める適切な時点（例えば、信号と分析物変換との間の信頼度）を判定するのに有用であり得る。

Due to the slope of analyte related signal changes within a first interval of time (e.g., 2 hours, etc.) after implantation of analyte sensor 10 , implantation timing errors may result in inappropriate predictions to the signal response and analyte signal. 
分析物センサ１０の埋め込み後の第１の期間（例えば２時間など）内の分析物に関連する信号変化の傾きにより、埋め込みタイミングエラーは、信号応答および分析物信号に対する不適切な予測をもたらし得る。

US9939834(INTEL CORP [US])
[0057] As for power consumption targets for nodes 108 , the RM 600 may control power-performance of the node 106 through a job or workload manager, such a JPPM 604 .
【００５０】
  ノード108についての電力消費目標に関しては、RM600は、JPPM604等のジョブレベルのマネージャ又は作業負荷マネージャによって、ノード106の電力パフォーマンスを制御してもよい。

The RM 600 via a JPPM 604 , for example, can provide specific targets in certain embodiments so that node 108 level power consumption does not change drastically and suddenly.
ある複数の実施形態において、RM600は、例えば、JPPM604によって、複数の特定の目標を提供してもよく、それによって、ノード108レベルの電力消費は、大幅にかつ突然には変化しないようになる。

Again, to meet ramp or band targets,
再び記載するが、電力変化の傾き又は電力帯の目標を満たすために、

certain activities directed to avoiding sudden changes in power rate (and also to managing power consumption within band), may be implemented via a power balloon technique or mechanism (module or executable code stored in memory). 
(メモリの中に格納されている実行可能なコード又はモジュール等の)電力バルーン技術又は電力バルーンメカニズムによって、電力の変化率の突然の変化を回避するように意図される(と同時に、電力消費を電力帯の範囲内となるように管理するように意図される)ある動作を実装してもよい。

Prime Minister Kishida's speech at the U.S. Congress

I've just watched Prime Minister Kishida's speech on NHK. It started around 0:10 Japan time, or 11:10 a.m. in the U.S., which is most likely what's called "Eastern standard time" if I'm correct.

He spoke for about half an hour, starting with his memory of his life in Queens, New York, when he was small. He said he lived there for a few years due to his father's job. He talked about watching baseball games, visiting the Niagara Falls and other places. He thanked the people in Queens for making his life enjoyable. He made the members of Parliament? laugh at the beginning by saying he never received such a warm welcome at Japan's Diet. He introduced his wife and said the people of the U.S. can rest assured of his personality by looking at her. He then went into the details of what Japan has done and is doing as a trustworthy partner of the U.S. to ensure world peace and stability: that the U.S. is not, and should not be, alone as a global power to maintain peace and prosperity around the world; that Japan has progressed from being a reticent power to an active one helping and working togther with the democracies of the world to oppose oppression of human rights and aggressions around the world, as witnessed by the invasion of Ukrain by Russia; that today's Ukraine might be tomorrow's East Asia. He touched upon the challenges posed by China, and emphasized the importance of cooperation between Japan and the U.S. in various areas.

I felt his English was excellent, or specutacular, even; it's not something you can pull off by just hours' or even days' of preparation. The pronunciation, intonation, rhythm, and so on, were very natural, confident, and convincing. Who am I to judge? I taught English for two years in a vocational school for high-school graduates and I earn a living by translating Japanese into English, and so I know how difficult and time-consuming it is to learn to speak English. Prime Minister Kishida's confidence and excellent delivery may well come from his constant efforts in making sure that the English he learned when he was young would not get rusty. 

I felt the standing ovations he received many times during his speech were not just formality but genuine. I think this will give a big boost to his popularity here in Japan, which has been in steep decline recently. 

And I was also reminded of a video I saw of Japan's Finance Minister, Mr. ..., I forgot his name [Kazuo Ueda of the Bank of Japan], the other day in which he was discussing global economy with the finance ministers [central bank chiefs] of other nations including the U.S., Ms. Yellen? [Christine Lagarde of the European Central Bank], where his English was also excellent, convincing and highly communicative. Before I saw the video I had the impression that he was a very intelligent but boring person not capable of having a relaxed and enjoyable conversation with anyone in English, but how wrong and arrogant was I. He was an excellent communicator in English and now I admire him. 

While it seems it is almost common knowledge around the world that the Japanese can't speak English, I think things have changed slowly but surely. Many of us Japanese speak English fluently. It's just that we are a shy people and too many of us are perfectionists; too scared to make mistakes, when in fact many of us have a large vocabulary, thanks to the vigorous English education system, and can hold conversations and discuss various issues with people around the world in English. Japan's leaders are proving it, which I think is great.