Article 61, PCT

Article 61
Amendment of Certain Provisions of the Treaty
第六十一条
この条約の特定の規定の修正 

(1)(a)  Proposals for the amendment of Articles 53(5), (9) and (11), 54, 55(4) to (8), 56, and 57, may be initiated by any State member of the Assembly, by the Executive Committee, or by the Director General.
（１）（ａ） 第五十三条（５）、（９）及び（１１）、第五十四条、第五十五条（４）から（８）まで、第五十六条並びに第五十七条の規定の修正の提案は、総会の構成国、執行委員会又は事務局長が行うことができる。

(b)  Such proposals shall be communicated by the Director General to the Contracting States at least six months in advance of their consideration by the Assembly.
（ｂ） （ａ）の提案は、遅くとも総会による審議の六箇月前までに、事務局長が締約国に送付する。

(2)(a)  Amendments to the Articles referred to in paragraph (1) shall be adopted by the Assembly.
（２）（ａ） （１）に規定する規定の修正は、総会が採択する。

(b)  Adoption shall require three-fourths of the votes cast.
（ｂ） 採択は、投じられた票の四分の三以上の多数による議決で行う。

(3)(a)  Any amendment to the Articles referred to in paragraph (1) shall enter into force one month after written notifications of acceptance, effected in accordance with their respective constitutional processes, have been received by the Director General from three-fourths of the States members of the Assembly at the time it adopted the amendment.
（３）（ａ） （１）に規定する規定の修正は、その修正が採択された時に総会の構成国であつた国の四分の三から、それぞれの憲法上の手続に従つて行われた受諾についての書面による通告を事務局長が受領した後一箇月で効力を生ずる。

(b)  Any amendment to the said Articles thus accepted shall bind all the States which are members of the Assembly at the time the amendment enters into force, provided that any amendment increasing the financial obligations of the Contracting States shall bind only those States which have notified their acceptance of such amendment.
（ｂ） （ａ）の規定に従つて受諾された（１）に規定する規定の修正は、その修正が効力を生ずる時に総会の構成国であるすべての国を拘束する。ただし、締約国の財政上の義務を増大する修正は、その修正の受諾を通告した締約国のみを拘束する。

(c)  Any amendment accepted in accordance with the provisions of subparagraph (a) shall bind all States which become members of the Assembly after the date on which the amendment entered into force in accordance with the provisions of subparagraph (a).
（ｃ） （ａ）の規定に従つて受諾された修正は、その修正が（ａ）の規定に従つて効力を生じた日の後に総会の構成国となるすべての国を拘束する。

https://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/pct/ja/docs/pct.pdf

貫通

US2014352321
In the illustrated embodiment, a lean air-fuel mixture is combusted within the primary combustor section 18 to generate a first combust gas 19. The plurality of injectors 58 are disposed penetrating through（＊例少）, a periphery 62, the liner 42, and a seal of the secondary combustor section 20. The injectors 58 are used to introduce additional fuel mixture into the secondary combustor section 20. 

US2017075544
[00198] The operator accesses the right IPS 102R and the cavernous sinus 104 with an anchor delivery catheter 3307 and micro wire 3333 coaxially disposed through the guide catheter 307 (FIGS. 32B and 32C). The anchor delivery catheter 3307 (e.g. , catheter 304 of FIGS 7A-D, 0.027" micro catheter such as a Phenom 27 Catheter from Cathera, Inc. of Mountain View, California, an Excelsior SL-10 Microcatheter from Stryker Neurovascular of Fremont, California, or a Marksman Micro Catheter from Medtronic of Irvine, California) advances through the guide catheter 307, and rides over the micro wire (e.g. , an 0.010", 0.014", or 0.018" guide wire such as a Synchro2 Guidewire from Stryker Neurovascular of Fremont, California).

US8284247
In the case that one of the cameras detects the presence of a defect penetrating through the foil, the computer generates control signals that are transmitted via communication interfaces to the unit controlling the foil movement and to the defect-marking unit. The foil movement stops. The location of the defect on the foil surface is marked. The camera that has detected the defect approaches foil surface along the normal line and is set up at the second given distance away from the surface.

US7741648
(Ab)
An LED chip package structure includes a ceramic substrate, a conductive unit, a hollow ceramic casing, many LED chips, and a package colloid. The ceramic substrate has a main body, many protrusions extended from the main body, many penetrating holes respectively penetrating through the protrusions, and many half through holes formed on a lateral side of the main body and respectively formed between each two protrusions. The conductive unit has many first conductive layers respectively formed on the protrusions, many second conductive layers respectively formed on inner surfaces of the half through holes and a bottom face of the main body, and many third conductive layers respectively filled in the penetrating holes. The hollow ceramic casing is fixed on the main body to form a receiving space. The LED chips is received in the receiving space. The package colloid is filled in the receiving space for covering the LED chips.

フィッテイング

US10377945
Scintillation light yield of exemplary scintillators was measured using a Hamamatsu 3177-50 or R6231-100 photomultiplier tube (“PMT”) and recording the response to gamma rays (from, e.g., a <137>Cs (Cesium-137 isotope) source).

例示的なシンチレータのシンチレーション光収率を、浜松（Ｈａｍａｍａｔｓｕ）３１７０－５０又はＲ６２３１－１００光電子増倍管（「ＰＭＴ」）を使用して、ガンマ線（例えば、¹³⁷Ｃｓ（セリウム－１３７同位体）線源から）に対する反応を記録して測定した。

Mineral oil was used to protect the sample scintillator crystal from degradation, as well as to provide an optical coupling between the sample scintillator crystal and the PMT such that scintillation light generated in the sample scintillator crystal would transmit to the PMT for measurement.

鉱油を使用して試料のシンチレータ結晶を劣化から保護して、並びに、試料のシンチレータ結晶中で作られたシンチレーション光が測定用のＰＭＴに伝達するように、試料のシンチレータ結晶とＰＭＴ間での光結合を提供する。

The number of photoelectrons was calculated from the position of the 662 keV photopeak and the peak from single photoelectrons. The photopeaks were fitted with a Gaussian function to determine the center of the peak.

光電子の数を６６２ｋｅＶ光電ピークと１つの光電子のピークとから計算した。光電ピークをガウス関数でフィッティングしてピークの中心を決定した。

The conversion from the number of measured photoelectrons to the number of photons/MeV emitted by the scintillator, i.e., the scintillator's light yield, was accomplished by convolving the quantum efficiency of the PMT as a function of wavelength (measured by Hamamatsu, the manufacturer of the PMT) with the X-ray excited emission spectrum of the sample.

測定した光電子の数からシンチレータにより発光された光子／ＭｅＶの数への変換、すなわち、シンチレータの光収率は、試料のＸ線励起発光スペクトルを持つ波長（ＰＭＴの製造元である、浜松（Ｈａｍａｍａｔｓｕ）により測定される）の関数としてＰＭＴの量子効率を畳み込む（ｃｏｎｖｏｌｖｉｎｇ）ことによって達成
される。

A hemispherical dome of Spectralon was used to improve the scintillation light collection into the PMT and a shaping time of 10 μs was used to ensure the complete integration of the light pulse.

半球状のドームのスペクトラロンを使用してＰＭＴ中のシンチレーション光収集を改善して、１０μｓの成形時間を使用して光パルスの完全な統合を確実にした。

For the energy resolution and γ-ray response of <137>Cs, <57>Co, <109>Cd, <133>Ba and <241>Am, the specimens were placed in a quartz container filled with mineral oil to protect them from moisture during the measurement.

¹³⁷Ｃｓ、⁵⁷Ｃｏ、¹⁰⁹Ｃｄ、¹³³Ｂａ及び²⁴¹Ａｍのエネルギー分解能とガンマ線反応とに対して、測定中、その検体を鉱油で満たされた石英容器中に設置して、それらを水分から保護した。

散り

US202023457(JP)
[0007] Meanwhile, in welding by means of seam welding, expulsion that is a phenomenon in which a base material is melted and scattered sometimes occurs and causes a joining defect.

ところで、シーム溶接による溶接では、接合不良の一因として、母材が溶融して飛び散る現象であるチリ（散り）が発生することがある。

When expulsion occurs, temperature of a joint portion immediately after welding increases.

チリが発生した場合、溶接直後の接合部の温度が高くなる。

However, when occurrence of expulsion is to be determined by determining whether or not temperature of the joint portion is in a predetermined temperature range as described in PTL 1, it has been difficult to perform such determination with high accuracy.

しかし、特許文献１のように接合部の温度に対して、所定の温度域にあるか否かを判断することでチリの発生を判定しようとした場合、精度良く判定することが困難であった。

EP3608442(JP)
(3) Spot Weldability
 （３）スポット溶接性

Spot weldability was evaluated as follows.
スポット溶接性は、次のように評価した。

[0079] The prepared sample steel sheets were each put in a furnace and heated therein at 900 degrees for 6 minutes. The sample steel sheets were then each sandwiched by a stainless steel mold for rapid cooling immediately after taken out of the furnace.

作製した各試験例の鋼板を加熱炉内に入れ、９００℃で在炉６分加熱し、取り出した後直ちにステンレス製の金型で挟んで急冷した。

The cooling rate was approximately 150 degrees C/second. Each cooled steel sheet was cut into a 30 × 50 mm piece for measurement of a suitable current range for spot welding (maximum current to minimum current).

このときの冷却速度は、約１５０℃／秒であった。次に、冷却後の各鋼板を３０×５０ｍｍに剪断し、スポット溶接適正電流範囲（上限電流－下限電流）を測定した。

The measurement conditions are as follows. A current value achieving a nugget diameter of 3 × (t)0.5 was defined as the minimum current, whereas a current causing expulsion was defined as the maximum current.

測定条件は、以下に示す通りである。下限電流は、ナゲット径３×（ｔ）０．５となったときの電流値とし、上限電流は、散り発生電流とした。

US10453587(JP)
In the case that the projection is smoothly convex, a contact area of conductors changes drastically even due to a slight collapse of a convex portion at the tip.

突起部が滑らかな湾曲形状を有する場合では、先端の湾曲部分が少しでも潰れると導体同士の接触面積が大きく変動して、導体間の接触抵抗が大きく変動する。

Accordingly, when a collapse at the tip of projection is small when a current is applied between the welding electrodes, contact resistance increases, and sudden melting occurs. This has a risk of scattering or explosion.

したがって、溶接電極間に電流を流したときに、突起部の先端の潰れが小さい場合には、接触抵抗が大きくなって急激に溶融して散りや爆飛を発生する恐れがある。

Conversely, when a collapse at the tip is heavy, the contact resistance decreases, and can hardly generate resistance heat, hence providing unstable bonding.

逆に突起部の先端の潰れが大きい場合には、接触抵抗が小さくなって抵抗熱が発生し難くなって接合状態が安定しない。

＊expulsion and surface flash

悪影響を及ぼす

has an adverse effect on, adversely affect, penalize, detract from