"timetable галактики поезд" 2011/6/15

"timetable галактики поезд" 2011/6/15

"Это гуляет через 1 Сто Годы Уединения".
Tamura Satoko
Из Nikkei чтения колонны это утро

Путешествие который действительность и иллюзия соседствующая с

Чтобы быть знакомый oozes, что предложения назвать "gabo" и прозвище небольшое.

Счет очерка поездки к призвали Карибское Море участок который стадия работы к основе в товарище который равняется в четверти века с художником Нобелевской Премии Gabriel Garcia-marquez в Колумбии возбуждает тепло, также.

Это - который разливался в заполняющем энергию литературного человека который продолжил исследование кладущим всем с насилием как, например, военный переворот d'йtat ныряние в raging Южная Америка.

Земля отношения художника который ид, что этот о 5 годах был интенсивный должен сделать мир точно как это литературы который обязана называться verism" чтобы сделать с" thaumaturgy".

Действительность и иллюзия смежная о свидетельстве семьи и знакомства, также.

Замечания как, например, соответственно живущая мертвая личность делает cough иногда и сдает whistle только и находилась тихий" устремляются вне pompon.

Покрытие который разоблачает тело к опасности который поражается при бунтовщиком в это время могла приступали с сотрудничеством очень даже личности получая это, также.

"Это получило исследовательскую книгу из отпечатка лично, это сделало это к подписи и этому представило это".
Встреча1985.
Впечатление который собиралось в интервью "Это удивительно прямое".
Это смягчает большого художника который удивляется при звуке регистратора ленты с автоматической обратной чертой, говоря "ОК" и это продолжило рассказ.

Представляя регистратора после кончающегося "Этого сообщать охотно к жене любят ребенка".

С тех пор, взаимоотношение сегодня начало.
"После восточной Японии огромное землетрясение, это приглашается чтобы зависеть от дома в Мексике много раз".

Сейчас, это думает приблизительно.

Это - художник, Kenji Nakagami товарища детства что это предложило фактически хотев чтобы встретиться Garcia-marquez.
Первое интервью было осуществлено вместо его которого удобство было не.
Странное совпадение с GABO может быть воспоминание неожиданно раннего мертвое Kenji".
Это начинает почерк вскоре о Nakagami.

Элементарный, юниор высокие и средние школы и расходы, это сыграло с Kenji, приличествующее, кипение muddily при рисе paddy.
Говорящий хотящий чтобы раскрыли естественное лицо его который был mollycoddle при crybaby, также, этом смеется.
(2400 иены Kawade Shobo Shinsha )
Латинская Америка литературный человек, Teikyo профессор Университета
Приезжая из Префектуры Вакаямы в 1947
Это Vargas Llosa при антологии глубокая карта", в переводе при книге.
Путь к раю "и так далее

"O horário da galáxia trem" 2011/6/15

"O horário da galáxia trem" 2011/6/15

"Entra em Cem Anos de Solidão ".
Tamura Satoko
Do Nikkei que lê coluna esta manhã

A viagem que a realidade e a ilusão é adjacente para

Estar familiarizado escoa, que as orações para chamar por "GABO" e o apelido são leves.

A conta de uma viagem tenta ter chamado no Mar caribenho distrito que é a fase do trabalho a base no amigo que iguala pelo trimestre de século com Prêmio de Nobel artista Gabriel Garcia-Marquez na Colômbia excita calorosamente, também.

É um que foi superabundado no recheio na energia do homem literário que continuou uma pesquisa o pondo tudo com a violência como o golpe de estado militar que mergulha na América do Sul furiosa.

A terra da relação de artista que foi, que estes aproximadamente 5 anos eram intensivos é fazer o mundo da mesma maneira que é da literatura que é chamada " o verism " que tem que fazer com " taumaturgia ".

A realidade e a ilusão são adjacentes sobre o testemunho da família e o conhecido, também.

As observações como "a pessoa morta respectivamente viva às vezes fazem uma tosse e só dão um apito e estava fora pressa silenciosa" do pompom.

A cobertura que expõe um corpo ao perigo que é golpeado na ocasião a pelo rebelde poderia ter procedido com cooperação da mesma pessoa adquirindo isto, também.

"Obteve esgotado pessoalmente um livro de pesquisa, fez isto à assinatura e apresentou isto ".
O encontro é 1985.
A impressão que se encontrou na entrevista "Isto é surpreendentemente dirija ".
Se tranqüiliza o artista grande que está surpreso com o som do registrador de fita com a característica inversa automática, enquanto dizendo o "OK " e continuou uma história.

Quando apresentando um registrador depois do fim "Isto estava informando de boa vontade à esposa goste da criança ".

Desde então, a relação para hoje começou.
"Depois do Japão oriental grande terremoto, é convidado a ser dependente na casa no México muitas vezes ".

Agora, pensa sobre.

É o artista, Kenji Nakagami do amigo de infância que sugeriu de fato ao querer conhecer o Garcia-Marquez.
A primeira entrevista foi percebida em vez dele quem a conveniência não estava abaixo.
"A coincidência estranha com GABO pode ser a recordação de inesperadamente Kenji morto cedo ".
Começa a escrever logo sobre o Nakagami.

O elementar, júnior alto e escolas secundárias e gastando, jogou com Kenji, enquanto se tornando, fervendo barrentamente ao arroz de arroz.
Dizendo querendo ter descoberto a face natural dele que era um amime à criança chorona, também, que escarnece.
(2400 iene de Kawade Shobo Shinsha )
A América Latina o homem literário, Teikyo o professor Universitário
Vindo de prefeitura de Wakayama em 1947
É Vargas Llosa a antologia "o mapa fundo ", na tradução ao livro.
"A estrada para o paraíso "e assim por diante

"El programa de la galaxia entrena" 2011/6/15

"El programa de la galaxia entrena" 2011/6/15

"Camina en ciento años de la soledad".
Tamura Satoko
De la columna Nikkei reading esta mañana

El viajar al que la realidad y la ilusión son adyacentes

Ser fangos familiares, que las oraciones para llamar junto a "GABO" y el apodo son leves.

La descripción de un viaje intenta haber visitado el distrito de mar Caribbean que es el escenario del trabajo para el trabajo preliminar en el amigo a quien los iguales en el trimestre de siglo con Nobel valoran a quien artista Gabriel Garcia - Marquez en Colombia excita afectuosamente también.

Uno que fue rebosado en el relleno en la energía del hombre de letras es el que continuó una investigación por el poner todo en South America furioso con la violencia como el golpe militar d' el buceo de état.

La nación de la artista relación que se fue, que estos aproximadamente 5 años era intensivo es hacer el mundo justo como es de la literatura que es llamada "El verism" have to do con "Thaumaturgy".

La realidad y la ilusión son adyacentes sobre el testimonio de la familia y la conocido también.

Los comentarios como "La persona muerta respectivamente viviente hizo una tos a veces y dio un silbato solamente y era silencioso" se apuran afuera del pompon.

La cobertura que expone un cuerpo al peligro que es atacada por el rebelde at the time podía haber seguido con la cooperación de the very persona consiguiéndolo, también.

"Obtuvo un libro de investigación afuera de la letra personalmente, lo hizo a la firma y lo presentó".
El encuentro lo es1985.
La impresión que coincidía en la entrevista "Es asombrosamente directo".
Calma al artista grande quién estar sorprendido ante el sonido del magentófono con la característica contraria automática, diciendo que "Aprobación" y él continuaron una historia.

When presentar una grabadora después del terminar "Estaba informando a la esposa como el niño voluntariamente".

Desde entonces, la relación para hoy comenzó.
"Después del Japón fenomenal sismo oriental, es invitado a que esté en función de la casa en México muchas veces".

Ahora, piensa aproximadamente.

Es el artista, Kenji Nakagami del amigo de infancia a quien sugirió en realidad when querer conocer a Garcia - Marquez.
La primera entrevista ser se dado cuenta de en lugar de él quien la conveniencia no era bajo.
"La coincidencia extraña con GABO podría ser el recuerdo de Kenji muerto inesperadamente temprano".
Empieza a escribir sobre el Nakagami pronto.

El elemental, escuela secundaria elemental y escuelas secundarias y el gasto, jugó con Kenji, sentador, hirviendo embarrado en el arrozal.
Decir queriendo haber revelado la cara natural de él que lo fue uno consentir al llorón, también, él se reír.
(2400 yenes de Kawade Shobo Shinsha )
El hombre de letras de América Latina, catedrático de la universidad de Teikyo
Venir desde prefectura de Wakayama en 1947
Es Vargas Llosa en la antología "El mapa hondo", en la traducción en el libro.
"El camino para el paraíso", etcétera

"L'orario della galassia treno" 2011/6/15

"L'orario della galassia treno" 2011/6/15

"Cammina in Cento anni della Solitudine ".
Tamura Satoko
Dal Nikkei che legge colonna questa mattina

Il viaggio che l'attualità e l'illusione è adiacente a

Essere fanghiglie familiari che le frasi per chiamare da "GABO" ed il nomignolo sono disdegni.

Il conto di una composizione di viaggio per avere chiamato sul Caribbean distretto Marittimo che è il palcoscenico del lavoro a fondamento nell'amico che uguaglia nel trimestre di secolo con Premio Nobel artista Gabriel Garcia-Marquez in Colombia eccita vivamente, anche.

È uno che fu inondato nel ripieno nell'energia dell'uomo letterario che continuò una ricerca il mettere tutto con la violenza come il d'état di colpo di stato militare che si tuffa nella Meridionale America furiosa.

La terra della relazione di artista che andò, che questi approssimativamente 5 anni erano intensivi è fare il mondo nel momento in cui lui è della letteratura che è chiamata " il verism " che deve fare con " il taumaturgia ".

L'attualità e l'illusione sono adiacenti sulla testimonianza della famiglia e la conoscenza, anche.

I commenti come "il rispettivamente la persona morta e vivente fa una tosse qualche volta e dà solamente un fischio ed era giunco silenzioso" fuori del fiocco.

La copertura che mette in mostra un corpo al pericolo che è colpito a dal ribelle alla durata avrebbe potuto procedere con cooperazione della molta persona trovandolo, anche.

"Ottenne personalmente un libro di ricerca fuori di stampa, lo faceva alla firma e lo presentò ".
L'incontro è 1985.
L'impressione che si incontrò nell'intervista "Esso è notevolmente diretta ".
Calma il grande artista che è sorpreso al suono dell'archivista di nastro con la caratteristica inversa ed automatica, dicendo "OK " e continuò una storia.

Quando presentando un archivista dopo la fine "Esso stava riportando volentieri alla moglie piaccia il bambino ".

Da allora poi, la relazione ad oggi cominciò.
"Dopo il Giappone orientale il grande terremoto, è invitato per essere dipendente sulla casa in Messico molte volte ".

Ora, pensa circa.

È l'artista, Kenji Nakagami dell'amico di infanzia che davvero ha suggerito quando volendo incontrare Garcia-Marquez.
Della prima intervista si fu resa conto invece di lui chi la convenienza non era sotto.
"La coincidenza strana con GABO può essere inaspettatamente presto il ricordo di Kenji morto ".
Comincia a scrivere presto sul Nakagami.

L'elementare, massimo minore e licei e spendendo, giocò con Kenji, mentre divenendo, bollendo fangosamente al risone di riso.
Dicendo volendo avere dischiuso la naturale faccia di lui chi era un coccoli al piagnucolone, anche che ride.
(2400 hanno una gran voglia di di Kawade Shobo Shinsha )
L'America Latina uomo letterario, professore di Università di Teikyo
Venendo dalla prefettura di Wakayama nel 1947
È Vargas Llosa ad antologia "la mappa profonda ", nella traduzione al libro.
"La strada al paradiso "e così su

"Der Stundenplan der Galaxie Zug" 2011/6/15

"Der Stundenplan der Galaxie Zug" 2011/6/15

"Es geht in Ein hundert Jahren Einsamkeit ".
Tamura Satoko
Von der Nikkei-Lektüre Säule diesen Morgen

Die Reise, zu der die Wirklichkeit und die Illusion benachbart sind

Um vertraute Schlamme zu sein der die Sätze zu Anruf von "GABO" und der Spitzname ist leicht.

Das Konto eines Reiseaufsatzes, um das Caribbean Sea-Gebiet besucht zu haben, das die Phase der Arbeit zu Erdarbeit im Freund ist, der im Viertel Jahrhundert von Nobelpreiskünstler Gabriel Garcia-Marquez in Kolumbien entspricht, begeistert auch warm.

Es ist einer, der in die Füllung in die Energie vom literarischen Mann gelaufen wurde, der durch das Setzen von allem mit der Gewalt über den militärischen Coup d'état, der in tobendes Südamerika springt, eine Forschung fortsetzte.

Das Land von der Künstlerverbindung, die ging, dass diese ungefähr 5 Jahre intensiv waren, ist, die Welt zu machen, ebenso wie es von der Literatur ist, die gerufen wird, " der verism " das müssend damit machen " Thaumaturgie ".

Die Wirklichkeit und die Illusion sind auch über dem Zeugnis für die Familie und die Bekanntschaft benachbart.

Die Bemerkungen wie "die beziehungsweise lebende tote Person machen manchmal einen Husten und geben nur eine Pfeife und waren schweigsame" Eile aus dem Pompom.

Die Berichterstattung, die einen Körper der Gefahr aussetzt, die bei vom Rebellen zu der Zeit geschlagen wird, konnte mit Zusammenarbeit der genauen Person fortgefahren sein, indem sie es auch bekommt.

"Es erhielt persönlich ein Forschungsbuch vergriffen, es machte es mit der Unterschrift, und es präsentierte es ".
Die Begegnung ist 1985.
Der Eindruck, der sich im Interview traf, "Es ist überraschend direkt ".
Es beruhigt den großen Künstler, der beim Klang vom Kassettenrecorder mit dem automatischen umgekehrten Merkmal überrascht wird und "OK sagt, " und es setzte eine Geschichte fort.

Als "Ihm nach dem Ende einen Kassettenrecorder zu präsentieren, der Frau wie dem Kind bereitwillig berichtete, ".

Inzwischen, die Beziehung zu heute fing an.
"Nach dem östliches Japan großartigen Erdbeben wird es eingeladen, oft im Haus in Mexiko abhängig zu sein ".

Jetzt denkt es ungefähr.

Es ist der Künstler, Kenji Nakagami vom Kindheitsfreund, den es eigentlich vorschlug, als das wollend Garcia-Marquez treffen.
Das erste Interview wurde wen statt ihm erkannt, die Annehmlichkeit war nicht unten.
"Der seltsame Zufall mit GABO ist vielleicht das Andenken an unerwartet frühen toten Kenji ".
Es fängt an, bald über den Nakagami zu schreiben.

Das elementare, juniore Hoch und die Gymnasien und das Ausgeben, es spielte mit Kenji, Werden, der schlammig beim Reisfeld siedet.
Das wollend das natürliche Gesicht von ihm enthüllt haben sagend, wer war, ein verhätscheln Sie bei der Heulsuse auch, es lacht.
(2400 Yens Kawade Shobo Shinsha )
Das Lateinamerika literarischer Mann, Teikyo-Universität Professor
Das Kommen 1947 von Wakayama-Präfektur
Es ist Vargas Llosa bei Anthologie "die tiefe Landkarte ", in der Übersetzung beim Buch.
"Die Straße zum Paradies "und so weiter

"L'horaire de la galaxie train" 2011/6/15

"L'horaire de la galaxie train" 2011/6/15

"Il entre Cent années de Solitude ".
Tamura Satoko
Du Nikkei qui lit la colonne ce matin

Le voyage qui l'actualité et l'illusion est adjacente à

Être des vases familiers que les phrases appeler par "GABO" et le surnom sont légères.

Le compte d'un essai du voyage avoir appelé le district de Mer des Caraïbes qui est l'étape du travail à fondement dans l'ami qui égale dans le trimestre de siècle avec Prix Nobel artiste Gabriel Garcia-Marquez en Colombie excite chaudement, aussi.

C'est un qui a été débordé dans le remplissage dans l'énergie de l'homme littéraire qui a continué une recherche en mettant tout avec la violence tel que le d'état du coup militaire qui plonge dans Amérique du Sud furieuse.

La terre de la relation de l'artiste qui est allée, que ceux-ci approximativement 5 années étaient intensives est pour faire le monde seulement comme c'est de la littérature qui est appelée " le verism " qui doit faire avec " thaumaturgie ".

L'actualité et l'illusion sont adjacentes au sujet du témoignage de la famille et la connaissance, aussi.

Les remarques tel que "le respectivement la personne morte vivante fait quelquefois une toux et donne seulement un sifflement et était ruée silencieuse" hors du pompon.

La couverture qui expose un corps au danger qui est frappé à par le rebelle au moment aurait pu continuer avec coopération de la même personne en l'obtenant, aussi.

"Il a obtenu une recherche réserve épuisé personnellement, il l'a fait à la signature et il l'a présenté ".
La rencontre est 1985.
L'impression qui a rencontré dans l'entrevue "Il est étonnamment directe ".
Il calme le grand artiste qui est surpris par le son du magnétophone avec le trait inverse automatique, en disant "OK " et il a continué une histoire.

Quand présenter un enregistreur après la fin "Il rapportait volontiers à la femme aimez l'enfant ".

Depuis lors, le rapport à aujourd'hui a commencé.
"Après le Japon de l'est grand tremblement de terre, il est invité pour être dépendant sur la maison au Mexique beaucoup de fois ".

Maintenant, il pense au sujet de.

C'est l'artiste, Kenji Nakagami de l'ami de l'enfance qu'il a suggéré réellement quand vouloir rencontrer Garcia-Marquez.
De la première entrevue s'est rendue compte au lieu de lui qui la commodité n'était pas sous.
"La coïncidence étrange avec GABO peut être le souvenir de mort matinal de façon inattendue Kenji ".
Il commence à écrire bientôt au sujet du Nakagami.

L'élémentaire, cadet haut et lycées et dépenser, il a joué avec Kenji, en devenant, bouillir de façon boueuse à la rizière.
Dire vouloir avoir divulgué le visage naturel de lui qui était un chouchoutez au pleurnicheur, aussi, qu'il rit.
(2400 yen de Kawade Shobo Shinsha )
L'Amérique latine homme littéraire, professeur d'Université Teikyo
Venir de préfecture Wakayama en 1947
C'est Vargas Llosa à anthologie "la carte profonde ", dans la traduction au livre.
"La route au paradis "et ainsi de suite

"The timetable of the galaxy train" 2011/6/15

"The timetable of the galaxy train" 2011/6/15

“It walks in One Hundred Years of Solitude ".
Tamura Satoko
From the Nikkei reading column this morning

The travel which the actuality and the illusion are adjacent to

To be familiar oozes, that the sentences to call by "GABO" and the nickname are slight.

The account of a trip essay to have called on the Caribbean Sea district which is the stage of the work to groundwork in the friend who equals in the quarter of century with Nobel Prize artist Gabriel Garcia-Marquez in Colombia excites warmly, too.

It is one which was overflowed in the filling in the energy of the literary man who continued a research by the putting everything with the violence such as the military coup d’état diving into raging South America.

The land of the artist relation which went, that these about 5 years were intensive is to do the world just as it is of the literature which is called " the verism " having to do with " thaumaturgy ".

The actuality and the illusion are adjacent about the testimony of the family and the acquaintance, too.

The remarks such as “the respectively living dead person does a cough sometimes and gives a whistle only and was silent” rush out of the pompon.

The coverage which exposes a body to the danger which is struck at by the rebel at the time could have proceeded with cooperation of the very person by getting it, too.

“It obtained a research book out of print personally, it did it to the signature and it presented it ".
The encounter is 1985.
The impression which met in the interview “It is surprisingly direct ".
It calms down the big artist who is surprised at the sound of the tape recorder with the automatic reverse feature, saying “OK " and it continued a story.

When presenting a recorder after the ending “It was reporting willingly to the wife like the child ".

Since then, the relationship to today began.
“After the eastern Japan great earthquake, it is invited to be dependent on the house in Mexico many times ".

Now, it thinks about.

It is the artist, Kenji Nakagami of the childhood friend that it suggested actually when wanting to meet Garcia-Marquez.
The first interview was realized instead of him whom the convenience wasn't under.
“The strange coincidence with GABO may be the remembrance of unexpectedly early dead Kenji ".
It begins writing soon about the Nakagami.

The elementary, junior high and high schools and spending, it played with Kenji, becoming, boiling muddily at the rice paddy.
Saying wanting to have disclosed the natural face of him who was a mollycoddle at the crybaby, too, it laughs.
(2400 yen of Kawade Shobo Shinsha )
The Latin America literary man, Teikyo University professor
Coming from Wakayama Prefecture in 1947
It is Vargas Llosa at anthology “the deep map ", in the translation at the book.
“The road to the paradise “and so on

Gilles Deleuze

Gilles Deleuze

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Gilles Deleuze (French: [ʒil dəløz]; 18 January 1925 – 4 November 1995) was a French philosopher who, from the early 1960s until his death, wrote influentially on philosophy, literature, film, and fine art. His most popular works were the two volumes of Capitalism and Schizophrenia: Anti-Oedipus (1972) and A Thousand Plateaus (1980), both co-written with Félix Guattari. His metaphysical treatise Difference and Repetition (1968) is considered by many scholars to be his magnum opus.[2]

Life[edit]

Deleuze was born into a middle-class family in Paris and lived there for most of his life. His initial schooling was undertaken during World War II, during which time he attended the Lycée Carnot. He also spent a year in khâgne at the Lycée Henri IV. During the Nazi occupation of France, Deleuze's older brother, Georges, was arrested for his participation in the French Resistance, and died while in transit to a concentration camp.[3] In 1944, Deleuze went to study at the Sorbonne. His teachers there included several noted specialists in the history of philosophy, such as Georges Canguilhem, Jean Hyppolite, Ferdinand Alquié, and Maurice de Gandillac, and Deleuze's lifelong interest in the canonical figures of modern philosophy owed much to these teachers. Nonetheless, Deleuze also found the work of non-academic thinkers such as Jean-Paul Sartre strongly attractive.[4] He agrégated in philosophy in 1948.
Deleuze taught at various lycées (Amiens, Orléans, Louis le Grand) until 1957, when he took up a position at the Sorbonne. In 1953, he published his first monograph, Empiricism and Subjectivity, on Hume. He married Denise Paul "Fanny" Grandjouan in 1956. From 1960 to 1964 he held a position at the Centre National de Recherche Scientifique. During this time he published the seminal Nietzsche and Philosophy (1962) and befriended Michel Foucault. From 1964 to 1969 he was a professor at the University of Lyon. In 1968 he published his two dissertations, Difference and Repetition (supervised by Gandillac) and Expressionism in Philosophy: Spinoza (supervised by Alquié).
In 1969 he was appointed to the University of Paris VIII at Vincennes/St. Denis, an experimental school organized to implement educational reform. This new university drew a number of talented scholars, including Foucault (who suggested Deleuze's hiring), and the psychoanalyst Félix Guattari. Deleuze taught at Vincennes until his retirement in 1987.
Deleuze, who had suffered from respiratory ailments from a young age,[5] developed tuberculosis in 1968 and underwent a thoracoplasty (lung removal).[6] He suffered increasingly severe respiratory symptoms for the rest of his life.[7] By the last years of his life, simple tasks such as handwriting required laborious effort. In 1995, he committed suicide, throwing himself from the window of his apartment.[8] At the time of his death, Deleuze had announced his intention to write a book entitled La Grandeur de Marx, and left behind two chapters of an unfinished project entitled Ensembles and Multiplicities (these chapters have been published as the essays "Immanence: A Life" and "The Actual and the Virtual").[9] He is buried in the cemetery of the village of Saint-Léonard-de-Noblat.[10]
Deleuze himself almost entirely demurred from autobiography. When once asked to talk about his life, he replied: "Academics' lives are seldom interesting."[11] When a critic seized upon Deleuze's unusually long, uncut fingernails as a revealing eccentricity, he replied: "I haven't got the normal protective whorls, so that touching anything, especially fabric, causes such irritation that I need long nails to protect them."[12] Deleuze concludes his reply to this critic thus:
"What do you know about me, given that I believe in secrecy? ... If I stick where I am, if I don't travel around, like anyone else I make my inner journeys that I can only measure by my emotions, and express very obliquely and circuitously in what I write. ... Arguments from one's own privileged experience are bad and reactionary arguments."[13]
Philosophy[edit]

Deleuze's works fall into two groups: on one hand, monographs interpreting the work of other philosophers (Spinoza, Leibniz, Hume, Kant, Nietzsche, Bergson, Foucault) and artists (Proust, Kafka, Francis Bacon); on the other, eclectic philosophical tomes organized by concept (e.g., difference, sense, events, schizophrenia, cinema, philosophy). Regardless of topic, however, Deleuze consistently develops variations on similar ideas.
Metaphysics[edit]
Deleuze's main philosophical project in the works he wrote prior to his collaborations with Guattari can be baldly summarized as an inversion of the traditional metaphysical relationship between identity and difference. Traditionally, difference is seen as derivative from identity: e.g., to say that "X is different from Y" assumes some X and Y with at least relatively stable identities (as in Plato's forms). To the contrary, Deleuze claims that all identities are effects of difference. Identities are neither logically nor metaphysically prior to difference, Deleuze argues, "given that there exist differences of nature between things of the same genus."[14] That is, not only are no two things ever the same, the categories we use to identify individuals in the first place derive from differences. Apparent identities such as "X" are composed of endless series of differences, where "X" = "the difference between x and x'", and "x" = "the difference between...", and so forth. Difference, in other words, goes all the way down. To confront reality honestly, Deleuze argues, we must grasp beings exactly as they are, and concepts of identity (forms, categories, resemblances, unities of apperception, predicates, etc.) fail to attain what he calls "difference in itself." "If philosophy has a positive and direct relation to things, it is only insofar as philosophy claims to grasp the thing itself, according to what it is, in its difference from everything it is not, in other words, in its internal difference."[15]
Like Kant and Bergson, Deleuze considers traditional notions of space and time as unifying forms imposed by the subject. He therefore concludes that pure difference is non-spatio-temporal; it is an idea, what Deleuze calls "the virtual". (The coinage refers to Proust's definition of what is constant in both the past and the present: "real without being actual, ideal without being abstract."[16]) While Deleuze's virtual ideas superficially resemble Plato's forms and Kant's ideas of pure reason, they are not originals or models, nor do they transcend possible experience; instead they are the conditions of actual experience, the internal difference in itself. "The concept they [the conditions] form is identical to its object."[17] A Deleuzean idea or concept of difference is therefore not a wraith-like abstraction of an experienced thing, it is a real system of differential relations that creates actual spaces, times, and sensations.[18]
Thus, Deleuze at times refers to his philosophy as a transcendental empiricism, alluding to Kant and Schelling. In Kant's transcendental idealism, experience only makes sense when organized by forms of sensibility (namely, space and time) and intellectual categories (such as causality). Assuming the content of these forms and categories to be qualities of the world as it exists independently of our perceptual access, according to Kant, spawns seductive but senseless metaphysical beliefs (for example, extending the concept of causality beyond possible experience results in unverifiable speculation about a first cause). Deleuze inverts the Kantian arrangement: experience exceeds our concepts by presenting novelty, and this raw experience of difference actualizes an idea, unfettered by our prior categories, forcing us to invent new ways of thinking (see below, Epistemology).
Simultaneously, Deleuze claims that being is univocal, i.e., that all of its senses are affirmed in one voice. Deleuze borrows the doctrine of ontological univocity from the medieval philosopher John Duns Scotus. In medieval disputes over the nature of God, many eminent theologians and philosophers (such as Thomas Aquinas) held that when one says that "God is good", God's goodness is only analogous to human goodness. Scotus argued to the contrary that when one says that "God is good", the goodness in question is exactly the same sort of goodness that is meant when one says "Jane is good". That is, God only differs from us in degree, and properties such as goodness, power, reason, and so forth are univocally applied, regardless of whether one is talking about God, a person, or a flea.
Deleuze adapts the doctrine of univocity to claim that being is, univocally, difference. "With univocity, however, it is not the differences which are and must be: it is being which is Difference, in the sense that it is said of difference. Moreover, it is not we who are univocal in a Being which is not; it is we and our individuality which remains equivocal in and for a univocal Being."[19] Here Deleuze at once echoes and inverts Spinoza, who maintained that everything that exists is a modification of the one substance, God or Nature. For Deleuze, there is no one substance, only an always-differentiating process, an origami cosmos, always folding, unfolding, refolding. Deleuze summarizes this ontology in the paradoxical formula "pluralism = monism".[20]
Difference and Repetition is Deleuze's most sustained and systematic attempt to work out the details of such a metaphysics, but his other works develop similar ideas. In Nietzsche and Philosophy (1962), for example, reality is a play of forces; in Anti-Oedipus (1972), a "body without organs"; in What Is Philosophy? (1991), a "plane of immanence" or "chaosmos".

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