galley

Sayaka Murataの小説 "Convenience Store Woman" を読んでいます。
Hijiri Ishikawa worked at the publisher that Kyoko had introduced me to, in the proofreading department at their giant office.
She did her share of proofreading as well, but she mostly acted as liason for the freelance proofreaders and the people involved in external production, responsible for sending galleys, manuscripts and files.

"galleys" は校正前の原稿のようですが、辞書で確認します。

多くの辞書に古代のガレー船、あるいは船の調理室の意味が最初に書かれていて、引用文の意味に相当する説明を載せている辞書は余りありませんでした。　下記の辞書は "galley" は "galley proof" の略とあり、 "galley proof" には次の説明がありました。

・Collins Dictionary: a printer's proof, esp one taken on a long strip of paper from type in a galley, used to make corrections before the matter has been split into pages

この説明だと活版印刷の時代の話のようですが、（昔ゲラ刷りとか言う言葉を見た覚えがあります。）何れにせよ校正済みの原稿を示していると推測します。

over the moon

Sayaka Murataの小説 "Convenience Store Woman" を読んでいます。

We were supposed to give a month’s notice of quitting, but given the circumstances they were letting me go after only two weeks. I recalled the manager’s reaction two weeks earlier when I told him I wanted to leave. “Really? At last! So Shiraha’s acting like a man after all, is he?” He had always been put out by people leaving since it left him shorthanded, and he always demanded they help find a replacement. This time, however, he seemed over the moon. Maybe no genuine store managers existed anywhere anymore. Before me now was a human male, mindlessly hoping that one of the same species was going to breed.

"over the moon" は文脈からすると喜んでいるようですが、どうでしょう？

・Collins Dictionary: If you say that you are over the moon, you mean that you are very pleased about something.: Their fans must be over the moon with delight!

英国英語なので他の辞書には余り例文はありませんでしたが、World Wide Words に由来が出ていました。
Someone who says this is delighted or extraordinarily happy.
In Britain, it’s intimately linked with football (Americans will know this game as soccer). It became very popular in the 1970s as one of a pair of opposing phrases that were often on the lips of players or managers at the end of a game. If the team had lost, the speaker was as sick as a parrot (in a state of deep depression, not physically ill). If the team had won, he was over the moon.
But the expression is actually much older — there are records of it from the nineteenth century. Eric Partridge found an example in the diary of May, Lady Cavendish, for 7 February 1857, in which she noted the reaction of the announcement of the birth of her youngest brother to the rest of his siblings: “they were at first utterly incredulous and then over the moon”.
The origin is surely the nursery rhyme Hey, Diddle Diddle in which the cow jumped over the moon. We know that’s right because earlier writers used a fuller version. For example, “Ready to jump over the moon for delight” appeared in Thomas Chandler Haliburton’s The Clockmaker in 1840.

work up

Sayaka Murataの小説 "Convenience Store Woman" を読んでいます。
So in order to shut her up I ran over and yanked her skirt and knickers down. She was so shocked she burst into tears, but at least she became quiet. The teacher from the next class came running in and asked me what had happened, so I explained that I’d once seen on TV how a grown-up woman who was all worked up went quiet after someone took her clothes off. But then they held another teachers’ meeting and my mother was summoned again.

"worked up" の意味を調べます。

・Collins Dictionary: If someone is worked up, they are angry or upset.: Steve shouted at her. He was really worked up now.
・The American Heritage Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs: To arouse the emotions of someone or something; excite someone or something: The skillful politician worked up the crowd.
・Farlex Dictionary of Idioms: To excite or arouse one's emotions. A noun or pronoun can be used between "work" and "up.": Try not to work up Mom too much. We just want to have a nice relaxing afternoon.

"work" は基本単語ですが、"worked up" でこんな意味になるのは知りませんでした。

leave someone in the lurch

今日から仕事始めで通常の生活に戻ります。年の初めから池波正太郎の小説を読み始めていますが、昨年読んだ "Convenience Store Woman" と "All the Lovers in the Night" のメモがまだ残っているので暫くはそのメモからの投稿を続けます。
Sayaka Murataの小説 "Convenience Store Woman" から引用します。
“The stock of ramen noodles is in a total mess!” “Yes, I was here. It was all right in the afternoon, but that kid on the night shift didn’t turn up again so it must have been the new guy, Dat- kun.” Pulling up the zip on her uniform as she came over to us, Sugawara pulled a face. “What, he left us in the lurch again? I can’t believe it! He knows how short-staffed we are right now. No wonder the store’s falling apart. There aren’t any drink cartons out there at all and it’s the morning rush!” “I know. It’s awful, isn’t it? The manager says he’ll have to stick to the night shift.

最初に辞書で "lurch" を見ましたが、ここでの意味は "leave someone in the lurch" の慣用句での用法ですね。

・Merriam-Webster: in a vulnerable and unsupported position: At the peak of the noonday rush the cashier stalked out and left him in the lurch.
・Farlex Dictionary of Idioms: To leave or abandon one without assistance in a particularly awkward, difficult, or troublesome situation.: The manager will really leave me in the lurch if he decides to quit before this project is finished.
・Vocabulary.com: If you leave you friend in the lurch, you've left her in a bad situation. If she was counting on a ride home after school and you forgot to wait for her, you left her in the lurch.
When someone is left in the lurch, she's left needing help of some kind, usually abruptly and surprisingly. It's the perfect phrase to use when a person is counting on assistance that doesn't come. This kind of lurch has an entirely different root from the lurch meaning "abrupt roll or tilt." This lurch comes from a sixteenth century game, lourche, and the situation in which one player loses by a wide margin — or is left in the lurch by the other.