rake over the coals

宮部みゆきのの小説 "The Devil's Whisper" を読み始めました。

"Even if they were out spending money, it doesn't mean they stole it."
"That's right. All you kids have jobs these days. I think there are still rules aginst that." Iwamoto glared at Mamoru again, and Mamoru hung his head. "But they broke the rules of the school and of the basketball club. I got all the club members together and raked them over the coals. When you have freshmen breaking the rules like that it leads to things like lost money.

"raked them over the coals" は文脈からすると叱ったの意味のイデオムでしょうが、この石炭は燃えているのでしょうね。

・Merriam-Webster: to criticize (someone) very severely: The government was then raked over the coals for refusing to send out information about the candidates.
・Farlex Dictionary of Idioms: To scold, reprimand, or reprove one severely for an error or mistake.: I was raked over the coals by my boss last week for messing up the accounting software.
・Oxford English Dictionary: to criticize somebody severely because they have done something wrong: I was hauled over the coals by my boss for being late.

最後に引用した辞書の用例の様に "rake" の代わりに "haul" を使った "haul one over the coals" とも言うようです。

gamified

The Japan Times, June 16の記事から引用します。

Japan’s gamified environment apps target a greener mindset
Gamification, which sees game-like elements and principles applied to other contexts with the aim of boosting user engagement, has manifested itself in productivity apps, exercise trackers and language-learning tools. When you earn a digital badge, “streak” or other little emblems of progress, that is gamification in action — a proven motivator for shifting behavior.

記事タイトルにある "gamified" を最初に見た時は何だろうと思いましたが、記事を読み続けると直ぐにゲーム化されたの意味であることが分かりました。　スマホ、パソコンの無い時代に育ったのでゲームやスマホのアプリにはいまだになじめません。但し、パソコンやＷｅｂ、HTMLなどには直ぐに馴染みましたが。記事（いつまで存在するか分かりませんが、記事へのリンクを付けました）を読むと、昔から馬鹿とハサミは使いようと言いますが、確かに使い方によっては大いに役に立つことは認めざるを得ません。特に学校教育で使えば勉強嫌いが減るのではと思います。　いずれにせよ、ゲームはともかく、スマホのアプリは嫌いだからと言って今や避けられません。

nothingburger

The Japan Times, June 6の記事から引用します。

Why Toyota's so-called safety scandal is a 'nothingburger'
Unlike the Volkswagen Dieselgate scandal, there have been no recalls, and Japanese vehicles have passed retests without issues.

"nothingburger" は引用符で囲まれているので、造語、もしくは通常は余り使われない表現なのでしょう。辞書に出ているかな？

・Wiktionary: Something of less importance than its treatment suggests; also, something which is bland or unremarkable in appearance or impact.: This 2005 Donald Trump tax return is a total nothingburger.
・Urban Dictionary: something lame, dead-end, a dud, insignificant; especially something with high expectations that turns out to be average, pathetic, or overhyped.: "much to the team's dismay, the number one pick in this year's draft turned out to be a nothingburger."

世の中には、特にマスコミが騒いでいる話で、実際には大したことの無い事が往々にしてありますが、そんな時に使える便利な単語ですね。

in her wake

John Grishamの小説 "Camino Island" を読んでいます。

"Why are we still standing in the foyer" Leigh asked.
"Dammned good question," Myra said, flinging an arm toward the stairway. "Come with me." From behind she looked like an offensive tackle as she cleared the hallway. They followed in her wake and stopped in a family room with a marble counter.

"in her wake" の "wake" も色々な意味で使われ、名詞で思いつくのは「通夜」、「寝ずの番」、「航跡」ですが、上の引用文の "in her wake" は文脈からすると単に「彼女の後について行った」と思いますが、辞書で確認します。

・Collins Dictionary: If you are following in someone's wake, you are following them or their example.: In his wake came a waiter wheeling a trolley.

他の辞書にはこの用例は見当たりませんでした。

magnanimous

John Grishamの小説 "Camino Island" を読んでいます。

He smiled and said, "That's why I'm here. That's what I wanted."
"An apology?"
"Yes. And I accept it. No hard feelings."
"You're awfully magnanimous."
"I can afford to be," he said and both chuckled.

"magnanimous" は "magnanimity" の形容詞の様です。辞書で確認します。

・Oxford English Dictionary: kind, generous and forgiving, especially towards an enemy or competitor: a magnanimous gesture
・Collins Dictionary: If you are magnanimous, you behave kindly and generously towards someone, especially after defeating them or being treated badly by them.: He was a man capable of magnanimous gestures.
・Cambridge English Dictionary: very kind and generous towards an enemy or someone you have defeated: The team's manager was magnanimous in victory, and praised the losing team.

bound up

John Grishamの小説 "Camino Island" を読んでいます。
Dr. Jeffrey Brown practically jogged across the Princeton campus and bounded up the front steps of Nassau Hal, the administration building.

"bound" の単語は知っているし、最近は東京の電車内の英語のアナウンスでも "bound for" をよく耳にしますが、階段を上がるのに "bound up" が使われるのは知りませんでした。　辞書で確認します。

動詞の "bound" の項で次の説明があります。

・Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary: to move by leaping: She bounded down the stairs.
・Oxford English Dictionary: to run with long steps, especially in an enthusiastic way: Louis came bounding down the stairs.
・American Heritage Dictionary: To leap forward or upward; jump; spring: The dog bounded over the gate.

何故か辞書には階段を下る例しかありませんでしたが、"bound up" は弾むように階段を上がることを意味している様です。

orgy

John Grishamの小説 "Camino Island" を読んでいます。
"Thank you, Bruce. I need the encouragement."
"I'm dead serious, and I'm not flattering you because we're in the midst of a little weekend orgy"
They laughed and took a sip of wine.

"orgy" は文脈からしてパーティの様ですが、辞書で確認します。

・Oxford English Dictionary: a party at which there is a lot of eating, drinking and sexual activity: a drunken orgy
・Collins Dictionary: An orgy is a party in which people behave in a very uncontrolled way, especially one involving sexual activity.: It was reminiscent of a scene from a Roman orgy.
・Cambridge English Dictionary: an occasion when a group of people behave in a wild uncontrolled way, especially involving sex, alcohol, or illegal drugs: drunken orgies

for good measure

John Grishamの小説 "Camino Island" を読んでいます。

She was reading when she heard noises at the door. Bruce walked in with a breakfast tray, which he placed snugly at her side. "Bacon, scrambled eggs, muffins with jam, strong coffee, and, for good measure, a mimosa."
"I'm not sure I need more booze at this point," she said. The food looked and smelled delicious.
"The hair of the dog. It's good for you."

"hair of the dog" は確か迎え酒で、そうすると "mimosa" はおそらくカクテルと推測できますが、"for good measure" は何でしょうか？　辞書で調べます。

・Oxford English Dictionary: If you say that something is done for good measure, you mean that it is done in addition to a number of other things.: For good measure, a few details of hotels were included.
・Cambridge English Dictionary: in addition: The concert was excellent - there were lots of well-known songs with some new ones thrown in for good measure.
・Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary: in addition to the minimum required : as an extra: added another illustration for good measure

"mimosa" はやはりカクテルの一種でした。
・Oxford English Dictionary: an alcoholic drink made by mixing sparkling white wine (= with bubbles) with orange juice

"hair of the dog" の説明を辞書から一つだけ引用します。
・Collins Dictionary: or hair of the dog that bit one: an alcoholic drink taken as an antidote to a hangover

on the fly

John Grishamの小説 "Camino Island" を読み始めました。

Getting out of the country was imperative. That was not what he had planned, but things could not be lining up more perfectly. Plans--nothing ever goes as planned, and the survivors are the ones who can adapt on the fly.

"on the fly" を辞書で確認します。

・Oxford English Dictionary: if you do something on the fly, you do it quickly while something else is happening, and without thinking about it very much
・Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary: in a hurry and often without preparation : HASTILY, SPONTANEOUSLY: making decisions on the fly
・Collins Dictionary:　If you do something on the fly, you do it quickly without thinking about it or planning it in advance, especially while something else is happening.： It was all pretty much done on the fly.
・Wiktionary: Spontaneously or extemporaneously; done as one goes, or during another activity.: The software program has a table of values for some results, but calculates others on the fly.

dognap

Reader's　Digest ３・４月合併号の記事 "Operation: Find Avery " からの引用です。

Witherspoon's case of a missing pet turned into something sinister when, 24 hours after the dognapping, her cellphone buzzed. In menacing texts laced with profanity and misspellings, someone claimed to have Avery and sent a video of the pup in a cage. The conversation was punctuated with a threat to kill the dog and a demand for ransom: "Y'all not getting y'all dog back Y'all paying 1200 no funny's!!'

犬の誘拐事件ですね。 "dognap" を辞書で確認します。

・Collins Dictionary: To dognap a dog is to steal it, usually to get money from its owner in exchange for its return.: The two terriers were dognapped from their owner's car.
・Webster's New World: To steal (a dog), esp. in order to sell it to a medical research laboratory

語源はAmerican Heritage DictionaryにDOG + (KID)NAP. とありました。 "kidnap" から来たのですね。
ところで "catnap" は猫を誘拐することにはなりませんね。