'50 Psychology Ideas You Really Need to Know' by Adrian Furnhamの19章Multiple intelligencesからの引用です。
'Lumpers' stress the concept 'g' (general intelligence) while 'splitters' argue that intelligence is made up of very different specific abilities not closely related. Lumpers point to the evidence that suggests that when individuals are given a range of different tests of ability (verbal reasoning, spatial intelligence, memory) they correlate highly. That is, bright people tend to do well on all of them; average people average; and less bright people poorly. Splitters point to many individual cases of people with great skills in on area but poor abilities in others.
Most academic psychologists are lumpers, believing that the extensive available evidence points to the fact that people tend to score similarly on very different tests. Indeed this is the assumption underlying conventional test measurement.
"Lumpers and splitters" は対語で覚えた方が良さそうですね。 "lumpers" の単語の方は余り目にしないので辞書で確認します。
・Collins Dictionary: Biology informal: a taxonomist who believes that classifications should emphasize similarities among organisms and therefore favors large, inclusive taxa (opposed to splitter)
・Wiktionary: (biology, linguistics) A scientist in one of various fields who prefers to keep categories such as species or dialects together in larger groups.
この言葉を掲載していない辞書も多いのでWikipediaも見てみました。以下は冒頭部分からの引用です。
Lumpers and splitters are opposing factions in any discipline that has to place individual examples into rigorously defined categories. The lumper–splitter problem occurs when there is the desire to create classifications and assign examples to them, for example schools of literature, biological taxa and so on. A "lumper" is a person who assigns examples broadly, assuming that differences are not as important as signature similarities. A "splitter" is one who makes precise definitions, and creates new categories to classify samples that differ in key ways.
'Lumpers' stress the concept 'g' (general intelligence) while 'splitters' argue that intelligence is made up of very different specific abilities not closely related. Lumpers point to the evidence that suggests that when individuals are given a range of different tests of ability (verbal reasoning, spatial intelligence, memory) they correlate highly. That is, bright people tend to do well on all of them; average people average; and less bright people poorly. Splitters point to many individual cases of people with great skills in on area but poor abilities in others.
Most academic psychologists are lumpers, believing that the extensive available evidence points to the fact that people tend to score similarly on very different tests. Indeed this is the assumption underlying conventional test measurement.
"Lumpers and splitters" は対語で覚えた方が良さそうですね。 "lumpers" の単語の方は余り目にしないので辞書で確認します。
・Collins Dictionary: Biology informal: a taxonomist who believes that classifications should emphasize similarities among organisms and therefore favors large, inclusive taxa (opposed to splitter)
・Wiktionary: (biology, linguistics) A scientist in one of various fields who prefers to keep categories such as species or dialects together in larger groups.
この言葉を掲載していない辞書も多いのでWikipediaも見てみました。以下は冒頭部分からの引用です。
Lumpers and splitters are opposing factions in any discipline that has to place individual examples into rigorously defined categories. The lumper–splitter problem occurs when there is the desire to create classifications and assign examples to them, for example schools of literature, biological taxa and so on. A "lumper" is a person who assigns examples broadly, assuming that differences are not as important as signature similarities. A "splitter" is one who makes precise definitions, and creates new categories to classify samples that differ in key ways.
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