"in spades" が "In abundance; very much" の意味で使われるようになった由来がThe Phase Finderに書かれていました。トランプのスペードと関係がある様です。興味のある方は次ぎのＵＲＬでPhase Finderの "in spades" の項に行けます。 http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/in-spades.html
小説WILDERNESSは衣服や身体の描写が多く、余り聞くことのない筋肉の名称も多出します。次に引用する個所に出てきた単語は読むのも難しそうなので興味が湧きました。
But the crow fled, and the sparrows pursued. Watch the path he said to himself. Twist your ancle and you might as well be dead. Never mind the fucking birds. He was conscious as he jogged of the weight of the revolver banging against his coccyx. It was the best place for it. It would be more bothersome anywhere else.
"coccyx" は身体のどの部位を示すのでしょうか。
・Collins Dictionary: a small triangular bone at the end of the spinal column in man and some apes, representing a vestigial tail: Stella sat down quickly on the hard chair, landing painfully on her coccyx. 発音はMerriam-Websterで ("http://www.merriam-webster.com/audio.php?file=coccyx01&word=coccyx&text=") 調べました。
語源はWikitionaryによると古ギリシャ語でカッコーのクチバシに似ているから来たそうです。
From Ancient Greek κ?κκυξ (kokkuks, “cuckoo”), referring to the curved shape of a cuckoo's beak when viewed from the side.
But the crow fled, and the sparrows pursued. Watch the path he said to himself. Twist your ancle and you might as well be dead. Never mind the fucking birds. He was conscious as he jogged of the weight of the revolver banging against his coccyx. It was the best place for it. It would be more bothersome anywhere else.
"coccyx" は身体のどの部位を示すのでしょうか。
・Collins Dictionary: a small triangular bone at the end of the spinal column in man and some apes, representing a vestigial tail: Stella sat down quickly on the hard chair, landing painfully on her coccyx. 発音はMerriam-Websterで ("http://www.merriam-webster.com/audio.php?file=coccyx01&word=coccyx&text=") 調べました。
語源はWikitionaryによると古ギリシャ語でカッコーのクチバシに似ているから来たそうです。
From Ancient Greek κ?κκυξ (kokkuks, “cuckoo”), referring to the curved shape of a cuckoo's beak when viewed from the side.
WILDERNESSで主人公のNewmanはAKが島から出る前に始末しようと湖岸を目指して走ります。
The years of jogging had left him so sensitive to footing that he could feel the difference between running on sidewalk and running in the street. Street's better. More give. Smooth. Shows what we care about in our culture. He took short steps.
上に出たきた "give" は私がブログを始めて間もない頃に覚えた "give" の意味で使われているのに違いありません。 当時はまだ余り英英辞書を利用していなかったので、今回は英英辞書で上の "give" の意味を確認します。
・Collins Dictionary: a tendency to yield under pressure; resilience ⇒ there's bound to be some give in a long plank, there is no give in his moral views
・Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary: the tendency to bend or stretch: For shoes to be comfortable, there needs to be plenty of give in the leather.
・Cambridge English Dictionary: the quality of stretching, bending, or breaking, or becoming less firm or tight, under pressure: A sweater knitted in pure cotton hasn't much give (= will not stretch much).
"give" の意味は再確認しましたが、Newmanが "running on sidewalk and running in the street. Street's better." と言っているのが良く分かりません。 山道が走り難いのは分かりますが、舗装されている町の道が More give. と言うのには余り納得できませんが、Newmanが走っている "sidewalk" はそんなに硬いのでしょうか？
The years of jogging had left him so sensitive to footing that he could feel the difference between running on sidewalk and running in the street. Street's better. More give. Smooth. Shows what we care about in our culture. He took short steps.
上に出たきた "give" は私がブログを始めて間もない頃に覚えた "give" の意味で使われているのに違いありません。 当時はまだ余り英英辞書を利用していなかったので、今回は英英辞書で上の "give" の意味を確認します。
・Collins Dictionary: a tendency to yield under pressure; resilience ⇒ there's bound to be some give in a long plank, there is no give in his moral views
・Merriam-Webster's Online Dictionary: the tendency to bend or stretch: For shoes to be comfortable, there needs to be plenty of give in the leather.
・Cambridge English Dictionary: the quality of stretching, bending, or breaking, or becoming less firm or tight, under pressure: A sweater knitted in pure cotton hasn't much give (= will not stretch much).
"give" の意味は再確認しましたが、Newmanが "running on sidewalk and running in the street. Street's better." と言っているのが良く分かりません。 山道が走り難いのは分かりますが、舗装されている町の道が More give. と言うのには余り納得できませんが、Newmanが走っている "sidewalk" はそんなに硬いのでしょうか？
Journal ２０１４年１月号のインタビュー記事、映画監督のOliver Stone氏のコメントから引用します。
He (J.F. Kennedy) said no, because he found his character. He looked into the abyss with Khrushchev, and he saw what the world was gonna come to. He saw hundreds of millions of dead, and he said no. And it took enormous courage, political courage, because he had, so many people were saying yes. He paid for the decision. He paid for that decision in spades.
私が覚えたいのは最後に出てきた "in spades" と言う表現です。English Journalの記事には注釈があり、 "in spades" は「確かに、はっきりと」となっているので、意味は直ぐに分かりますが、興味を覚えた単語に出会うと英英辞書を引く習慣になっているので、ここでも一応辞書を見ます。
・Cambridge English Dictionary: in large amounts or to a very great degree: My dog has personality in spades.
・McGraw-Hill Dictionary of American Idioms and Phrasal Verbs: in the best or most extreme way possible; extravagantly. He flunked the test in spades. He succeeded at life in spades - honors degree, great career, rich wife, lovely children, and early retirement.
上記辞書の説明はEnglish Journalの注釈と若干違う感じなので、更に他の辞書も見ます。
・Vocabulary.com: without question and beyond doubt: “she told him off in spades”
この説明なら確かに記事の注釈と同じですね。 "in spades" が何故この様な意味で使われる様になったのかは分かりませんでしたが、私の推測では慣用句の "call a spade a spade" と関係がありそうです。
He (J.F. Kennedy) said no, because he found his character. He looked into the abyss with Khrushchev, and he saw what the world was gonna come to. He saw hundreds of millions of dead, and he said no. And it took enormous courage, political courage, because he had, so many people were saying yes. He paid for the decision. He paid for that decision in spades.
私が覚えたいのは最後に出てきた "in spades" と言う表現です。English Journalの記事には注釈があり、 "in spades" は「確かに、はっきりと」となっているので、意味は直ぐに分かりますが、興味を覚えた単語に出会うと英英辞書を引く習慣になっているので、ここでも一応辞書を見ます。
・Cambridge English Dictionary: in large amounts or to a very great degree: My dog has personality in spades.
・McGraw-Hill Dictionary of American Idioms and Phrasal Verbs: in the best or most extreme way possible; extravagantly. He flunked the test in spades. He succeeded at life in spades - honors degree, great career, rich wife, lovely children, and early retirement.
上記辞書の説明はEnglish Journalの注釈と若干違う感じなので、更に他の辞書も見ます。
・Vocabulary.com: without question and beyond doubt: “she told him off in spades”
この説明なら確かに記事の注釈と同じですね。 "in spades" が何故この様な意味で使われる様になったのかは分かりませんでしたが、私の推測では慣用句の "call a spade a spade" と関係がありそうです。
WILDERNESSの主人公 Newmanは妻のJanetと友人のHoodと共にAKを殺すべく追っかけて島にやって来ました。
It was late afternoon. The sun was still high but the deep woods were dim. They had been walking for three and a half hours.
"You okay, Janet?" Hood said.
"I'm fine, " she said.
Newman smiled to himself. "She's in shape, Chris,. She runs three miles a day."
Hood nodded. Janet looked back at Newman. He winked at her and made the double-time gesture with his clenched fist.
"double-time gesture" はどんな仕草でしょうか？
"double-time" で辞書を見ると、to move at double time （Collins Dictionary)と書かれているので "double time" を再び辞書で見ます。
・Collins Dictionary: 1..(US, army) a fast march of 180 paces to the minute 2. a slow running pace, keeping in step
・Wiktionary: .(military) A fast marching pace of 180 steps per minute, 36 inches in length for the Marine Corps and Navy, 30 inches in length for the Army. It is not really double the speed of quick time as quick time is 112-120 steps per minute
どの程度速いのか遅いのか良く分かりませんが、いづれにせよ "double-time gesture" は駆け足のジェスチャーをしたとの意味ですね。
It was late afternoon. The sun was still high but the deep woods were dim. They had been walking for three and a half hours.
"You okay, Janet?" Hood said.
"I'm fine, " she said.
Newman smiled to himself. "She's in shape, Chris,. She runs three miles a day."
Hood nodded. Janet looked back at Newman. He winked at her and made the double-time gesture with his clenched fist.
"double-time gesture" はどんな仕草でしょうか？
"double-time" で辞書を見ると、to move at double time （Collins Dictionary)と書かれているので "double time" を再び辞書で見ます。
・Collins Dictionary: 1..(US, army) a fast march of 180 paces to the minute 2. a slow running pace, keeping in step
・Wiktionary: .(military) A fast marching pace of 180 steps per minute, 36 inches in length for the Marine Corps and Navy, 30 inches in length for the Army. It is not really double the speed of quick time as quick time is 112-120 steps per minute
どの程度速いのか遅いのか良く分かりませんが、いづれにせよ "double-time gesture" は駆け足のジェスチャーをしたとの意味ですね。
Robert B. ParkerのWILDERNESSを読んでいますが、相変わらず人の装いなどの描写がよく出てきます。
He sat at a gray metal table in the homicide squadroom at state police headquarers on Commonwealth Avenue and looked at the pictures of criminals in large albums. He was still in warm-up pants and a while T-shirt that said Adidas across the front. He wore yellow Nike training shoes with a blue swoosh.
"swoosh" はonomatopoeiaの雰囲気のある単語ですが、NIKEのロゴを指しているのは知りませんでした。 The Swoosh was first used by Nike on June 18, 1971, and was registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on January 22, 1974.（Wikipedia)
"swoosh" を辞書で見ると、
・Macmillan Dictionary: to move quickly through air or water with a smooth gentle sound, or to make something do this: I can hear cars swooshing through the streets.
・Collins Dictionary: 1.to make or cause to make a rustling or swirling sound, esp when moving or pouring out 2.a swirling or rustling sound or movement
ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARYには次ぎの説明がありました。
1860, sound made by something (originally a fishing rod during a cast) moving rapidly through the air; imitative. As a verb from 1867. The Nike corporate logo so called from 1989.
He sat at a gray metal table in the homicide squadroom at state police headquarers on Commonwealth Avenue and looked at the pictures of criminals in large albums. He was still in warm-up pants and a while T-shirt that said Adidas across the front. He wore yellow Nike training shoes with a blue swoosh.
"swoosh" はonomatopoeiaの雰囲気のある単語ですが、NIKEのロゴを指しているのは知りませんでした。 The Swoosh was first used by Nike on June 18, 1971, and was registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on January 22, 1974.（Wikipedia)
"swoosh" を辞書で見ると、
・Macmillan Dictionary: to move quickly through air or water with a smooth gentle sound, or to make something do this: I can hear cars swooshing through the streets.
・Collins Dictionary: 1.to make or cause to make a rustling or swirling sound, esp when moving or pouring out 2.a swirling or rustling sound or movement
ONLINE ETYMOLOGY DICTIONARYには次ぎの説明がありました。
1860, sound made by something (originally a fishing rod during a cast) moving rapidly through the air; imitative. As a verb from 1867. The Nike corporate logo so called from 1989.
昨日はラージボールの卓球の試合に出ました。ダブルスで２位、シングルスは３位と余りパッとしない成績でした。今日はこれから浦安の市民マラソンに参加します。マラソンは順位は論外ですが、去年の自分の記録より悪くならないのが目標です。家でごろごろしている人の為にクイズを出します。
It starts with the same letter that it ends with, and there are two more of the same along the way, a pair of another, one each of two others, just to make you smile. What is the word?
ヒントはこの日記のタイトルにあります。
It starts with the same letter that it ends with, and there are two more of the same along the way, a pair of another, one each of two others, just to make you smile. What is the word?
ヒントはこの日記のタイトルにあります。
Asked about his willingness to recognize the Indonesian conquest and to rob the sole resource of the conqured territory, which had been subjected to near-genocidal slaughter by the Indonesian invader with the strong supoort of Australia (along with the United States and UK, and some others), Evans explained that "there is no binding legal obligation not to recognise the acquisition of territory that was acquiered by force," adding that "the world is a pretty unfair place, littered with example of acquisition by force."
(Hopes and Prospects by Noam Chomsky)
(Hopes and Prospects by Noam Chomsky)
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