gut it out

Reader's　Digest 9月号の記事 "Between a Rock and a Hard Place" の副題からの引用です。

Pinned by a giant boulder, a hiker had two choices: panic or gut it out. He did both.

"gut it out" が分かりません。辞書を見ます。

・Oxford English Dictionary: to work very hard to achieve something: I slogged my guts out for the exam.
・Collins Dictionary: If you say that you are working your guts out or slogging your guts out, you are emphasizing that you are working as hard as you can.: [informal, emphasis] Most have worked their guts out and made sacrifices.
・Cambridge English Dictionary: to work extremely hard: I've been working my guts out these past few weeks and all he can do is criticize.
・Farlex Dictionary of Idioms: To endure or tolerate some task or activity despite pain, hardships, or unpleasant conditions. Used especially in reference to sports. A noun or pronoun can be used between "guts" and "out.": I'm surprised the captain gutsed out the entire season with that injury.

hung jury

Reader's　Digest 9月号の記事 "Fathers of the Bride" からの引用です。

While still in high school, Ivy testified against her father in court. After that trial resulted in a hung jury, she faced him from the witness stand in a second trial, with the same result. After she testified in a third trial, in the summer of 2013, her abuser was finally convicted and sentenced to almost 16 years in prison.

"hung jury" は陪審人が関係する裁判のことの様ですが、意味を辞書で調べます。

・Collins Dictionary: a jury that is unable to reach a decision: George's first trial ended in a hung jury.
・Merriam-Webster: a jury whose members cannot agree about what the verdict should be: The trial ended with a hung jury and the judge declared a mistrial.
・Wikctionary: A jury in a legal trial that is unable to reach or come to a verdict because the jurors cannot agree on a decision.: The prosecution re-filed charges after a mistrial was declared due to a hung jury.

素人が参加する裁判の是非が良く分かりませんが、RDの記事の事件は父親が娘を虐待、強姦したのに、陪審員裁判で2度も "hung jury" になったと聞くと、陪審員裁判が信用できませんね。

Fell in Lava!

Reader's　Digest 9月号の記事 "All in a Day's Work" からの引用です。

5yo: What's Romeo and Juliet?
Me: Well, it's story about two people who fell in love, and...[Two parents, both English professors, one a Shakespearean, give a long. age-inappropriate synopsis]
5yo: Wow.
Me: Yeah, It's sad.
5yo: Yeah, I can't believe they FELL in LAVA!

５歳の子供にとっては "FELL in LOVE!" より "FELL in LAVA!" のが分かり易いに違いありません。でも良く"LAVA" の意味を知っていますね。日本の５歳の子供では溶岩は知らない子が多いでしょう。

nocturia

Reader's　Digest 9月号の記事 "World of Medicine" からの引用です。

According to study published in Neurourology and Urodynamics, people who spend five or more hours a day watching TV and/or videos are significantly more likely to develop nocturia, the medical term for the need to urinate frequently at night. The condition, which affects some 50 million people in the United States, can disrupt sleep and lead to a greater risk of high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease.

"nocturia" の意味は説明文が後にあるので分かりますね。私も夜中にトイレに行きたくなることがありますが、今のところはあっても１回程度なので、まだ "nocturia" ではありません。

hack

Reader's　Digest 9月号に掲載の料理本宣伝記事で使われていた単語です。

*Tips, secrets & hacks from the Taste of Home Taste Kitchen team!

"hack" からは日本語にもなっているハッキングを直ぐに連想しますが、ここでは何か良い意味の様です。

・Oxford English Dictionary: (informal) a strategy or technique that you use in order to manage an activity in a more efficient way: Why not try these genius food hacks to save time?
・Collins Dictionary: A hack is a quick and clever solution to a problem.: In this series, top chefs share their cleverest hacks and tricks.
・Cambridge English Dictionary: a good solution or piece of advice: Try this hack for cooking a perfect egg in a microwave.

以前（9/30/2019）あまり良くない意味の "hack novelist" を取り上げていますね。

half sister

Reader's　Digest 9月号の記事 "Life in these United States" からの引用です。

My sister-in-law has two daughters, one from a previous marriage and one with my brother. One day, she took the girls, ages 3 and 1, to a church banquet. There, a woman stopped the two girls and asked the older one, "Is that your half sister?"
Her reply: "Oh, no, she's all there. She's just little."

英語にはこんな表現があるのを知りませんでした。ネイティブでも3歳では分からないのも無理はありませんね。

・Collins Dictionary: Someone's half-sister is a girl or woman who has either the same mother or the same father as they have.: My half-sister is a decade older than me and we have had a tricky relationship.
・Cambridge English Dictionary: a sister who is the daughter of only one of your parents: They may be a stepson, a half-brother, or a half-sister.
・Merriam-Webster: a sister related through one parent only: Emily is my half sister.