ideology

Yuval Noah Harariの "Sapiens" を読んでいます。 'The Law of Religion' の章から引用します。

The modern age has witnessed the rise of a number of new natural-law religions, such as liberalism, Communism, capitalism, nationalism and Nazism. These creeds do not like to be called religions, and refer to themselves as ideologies. But this is just a semantic exercise. If a religion is a system of human norms and values that is founded on belief in a superhuman order, then Soviet Communism was no less a religion than Islam.

Harariはいわゆる様々なイデオロジーも宗教の範疇に入れているのが斬新に思えます。　辞書で "ideology" の説明を見ます。
・Oxford English Dictionary: a set of ideas that an economic or political system is based on: Marxist/capitalist ideology
・Collins Dictionary: An ideology is a set of beliefs, especially the political beliefs on which people, parties, or countries base their actions.: More importantly, economic theory has become a branch of political ideology.
・Cambridge English Dictionary: a set of beliefs or principles, especially one on which a political system, party, or organization is based: The people are caught between two opposing ideologies.