（誰もいない青いベンチ）
学生が選択した論文の中でオリンピックについての発表があったので、一部ご紹介です。パワーポイントのスライドは紹介できません。
なぜオリンピック？を考えるヒントにはなるかと思います。結論は一般の人々にあまりメリットがない、でした。しかし利権を得る集団のものということです。
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
以下、論文の題名と要約、コメント、パワーポイント発表のスクリプトです！
Can cities bring the home gold? ~what economics theory tells us about hosting the Olympic games~
https://apjjf.org/2020/5/LeedsM.html Bｙ Michael A. Leeds March 1.2020
これはJAPAN FOCUSに掲載された論文です！学生たちにはJapan Focusを紹介しています。直に英文論文にアクセスできます。日本語への翻訳も自動的にできたと思います。
以下は学生が取り組んだ結果です。
Summary
The Tokyo Olympics have had mixed success on compactness and sustainability fronts. The financial news, however, has been uniformly disappointing. IOC and TCOG get revenue from the Olympics, but Tokyo metropolitan government unlikely can profit. It means that cities can get limited profit, why cities hosting the games? The main reason is the interest group's existence. Interest groups play a clear role in prompting governments to pursue the Olympics. While most people as a whole experience little or no benefit, specific groups, such as the local hospitality industry and construction unions, stand to gain a great deal from the Olympics. These groups spend heavy money to elect politicians who support their pursuit of the Olympics. Other voters often fail to make their voices heard.
Comment
この論文では、オリンピックの開催によって都市や多くの人々は利益を得ることが難しいけれども地元の建設業界などの特定の団体は多くの利益を得ることができるため、彼らの支持する政治家の力でオリンピックは開催されるということが述べられている。私自身はオリンピックの開催によって必ず好景気になり、国全体の利益になると考えていたため、限られた団体のみの利益になる、ということは非常に驚いた。特に観光客の増加は利益をもたらすものと考えていたが、本文中で触れられていたようにオリンピックの観光客はオリンピックにしか興味がない、という結果は今まで検討したことのない視点であった。オリンピックと一体化させて周辺都市を回る際のクーポンを配布する観光プロジェクトを進めていくなどして観光客がより多く日本にお金を落としてもらう工夫をしていくことが重要だと感じた。特定の団体のみが利益を得、開催都市や多くの人々は利益を得ることが難しい状況に陥ってしまっている時点でオリンピックを開催する意義が薄いように感じるけれども、大きく現状を変えることが難しい以上、都市や多くの人々にも利益が入っていくように何とかして工夫を凝らしていくべきではないかと私は考える。
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊発表スクリプト＊＊＊＊
Good evening everyone. It’s good to see you all here. Let me just start by introducing myself. My name is Atsushi Igarashi. I am a first-grade student. Today, I would like to talk about what economic theory tells us about hosting the Olympic games. I’ve divided my presentation into three parts. First, the winners secondly three possibilities for cities to benefit finally why do cities bother. All right, I want to begin by discussing.
The Tokyo Games have had mixed success on compactness and sustainability fronts. The financial news, however, has been uniformly disappointing. Despite strong ticket sales and better than expected revenue from sponsorships, costs have far outpaced revenues. Some of the problems are self-inflicted wounds. For example, constructing a new National Olympic stadium. However, many of the problems that Tokyo faces are unavoidable consequences of hosting the Olympic games. What is the problem of hosting the Olympics? Let’s look at the relationship between the Olympics and the urban economy.
First, the winners.
IOC and TOCOG are the winners of hosting the Olympic games. They get revenue for hosting the Olympic games. IOC gets revenue from broadcast right and sponsorships. TOCOG get revenue from domestic sponsorship program, for example, Intel, Canon, and Kokuyo. However, it seems unlikely that Tokyo metropolitan government can profit from the Olympic game. In this way limited benefit, why cities hosting Olympics? What is the benefit of hosting the game? Let’s see three possibilities cities can benefit from.
Three possibilities cities can benefit from, first, construction facilities. It is expected that construction facilities create a new job. However, unemployed labor is limited for Tokyo, so the new job is not created. And most of the facilities have no lasting economic use. For example, the London Olympic stadium.
Secondly, infrastructure. It is expected that infrastructure has lasting effects on the host nasions economy. However, a wealthy country not need updates. So they can’t benefit. And the poor country is hard that update for infrastructure. Because difficult to fund due to financial difficulties.
Thirdly, tourism. It is expected that tourism thrives during the Olympics. However, decline tourism during the Olympics in 2008 and 2012. And Olympic tourists focus on a very narrow concentration on the games, so they unlikely to go elsewhere for hosting country.
In this way limited benefit, why cities hosting Olympics? The main reason is interest groups explanation. Interest groups, for example, local hospitality. They stand to gain a great deal for hosting the Olympics. And the groups spend money on elected politicians who support the Olympics. Other voters do not share the interest group’s laser-like focus and often fail to make their voices heard.
To conclude, cities have limited benefits, but specific groups get many benefits from the Olympics. I’d like to say that it means many people get limited or no benefit from Olympics. Who does the Olympics belong to? Well, this brings me to the end of my presentation. Thank you for listening.
学生が選択した論文の中でオリンピックについての発表があったので、一部ご紹介です。パワーポイントのスライドは紹介できません。
なぜオリンピック？を考えるヒントにはなるかと思います。結論は一般の人々にあまりメリットがない、でした。しかし利権を得る集団のものということです。
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊
以下、論文の題名と要約、コメント、パワーポイント発表のスクリプトです！
Can cities bring the home gold? ~what economics theory tells us about hosting the Olympic games~
https://apjjf.org/2020/5/LeedsM.html Bｙ Michael A. Leeds March 1.2020
これはJAPAN FOCUSに掲載された論文です！学生たちにはJapan Focusを紹介しています。直に英文論文にアクセスできます。日本語への翻訳も自動的にできたと思います。
以下は学生が取り組んだ結果です。
Summary
The Tokyo Olympics have had mixed success on compactness and sustainability fronts. The financial news, however, has been uniformly disappointing. IOC and TCOG get revenue from the Olympics, but Tokyo metropolitan government unlikely can profit. It means that cities can get limited profit, why cities hosting the games? The main reason is the interest group's existence. Interest groups play a clear role in prompting governments to pursue the Olympics. While most people as a whole experience little or no benefit, specific groups, such as the local hospitality industry and construction unions, stand to gain a great deal from the Olympics. These groups spend heavy money to elect politicians who support their pursuit of the Olympics. Other voters often fail to make their voices heard.
Comment
この論文では、オリンピックの開催によって都市や多くの人々は利益を得ることが難しいけれども地元の建設業界などの特定の団体は多くの利益を得ることができるため、彼らの支持する政治家の力でオリンピックは開催されるということが述べられている。私自身はオリンピックの開催によって必ず好景気になり、国全体の利益になると考えていたため、限られた団体のみの利益になる、ということは非常に驚いた。特に観光客の増加は利益をもたらすものと考えていたが、本文中で触れられていたようにオリンピックの観光客はオリンピックにしか興味がない、という結果は今まで検討したことのない視点であった。オリンピックと一体化させて周辺都市を回る際のクーポンを配布する観光プロジェクトを進めていくなどして観光客がより多く日本にお金を落としてもらう工夫をしていくことが重要だと感じた。特定の団体のみが利益を得、開催都市や多くの人々は利益を得ることが難しい状況に陥ってしまっている時点でオリンピックを開催する意義が薄いように感じるけれども、大きく現状を変えることが難しい以上、都市や多くの人々にも利益が入っていくように何とかして工夫を凝らしていくべきではないかと私は考える。
＊＊＊＊＊＊＊＊発表スクリプト＊＊＊＊
Good evening everyone. It’s good to see you all here. Let me just start by introducing myself. My name is Atsushi Igarashi. I am a first-grade student. Today, I would like to talk about what economic theory tells us about hosting the Olympic games. I’ve divided my presentation into three parts. First, the winners secondly three possibilities for cities to benefit finally why do cities bother. All right, I want to begin by discussing.
The Tokyo Games have had mixed success on compactness and sustainability fronts. The financial news, however, has been uniformly disappointing. Despite strong ticket sales and better than expected revenue from sponsorships, costs have far outpaced revenues. Some of the problems are self-inflicted wounds. For example, constructing a new National Olympic stadium. However, many of the problems that Tokyo faces are unavoidable consequences of hosting the Olympic games. What is the problem of hosting the Olympics? Let’s look at the relationship between the Olympics and the urban economy.
First, the winners.
IOC and TOCOG are the winners of hosting the Olympic games. They get revenue for hosting the Olympic games. IOC gets revenue from broadcast right and sponsorships. TOCOG get revenue from domestic sponsorship program, for example, Intel, Canon, and Kokuyo. However, it seems unlikely that Tokyo metropolitan government can profit from the Olympic game. In this way limited benefit, why cities hosting Olympics? What is the benefit of hosting the game? Let’s see three possibilities cities can benefit from.
Three possibilities cities can benefit from, first, construction facilities. It is expected that construction facilities create a new job. However, unemployed labor is limited for Tokyo, so the new job is not created. And most of the facilities have no lasting economic use. For example, the London Olympic stadium.
Secondly, infrastructure. It is expected that infrastructure has lasting effects on the host nasions economy. However, a wealthy country not need updates. So they can’t benefit. And the poor country is hard that update for infrastructure. Because difficult to fund due to financial difficulties.
Thirdly, tourism. It is expected that tourism thrives during the Olympics. However, decline tourism during the Olympics in 2008 and 2012. And Olympic tourists focus on a very narrow concentration on the games, so they unlikely to go elsewhere for hosting country.
In this way limited benefit, why cities hosting Olympics? The main reason is interest groups explanation. Interest groups, for example, local hospitality. They stand to gain a great deal for hosting the Olympics. And the groups spend money on elected politicians who support the Olympics. Other voters do not share the interest group’s laser-like focus and often fail to make their voices heard.
To conclude, cities have limited benefits, but specific groups get many benefits from the Olympics. I’d like to say that it means many people get limited or no benefit from Olympics. Who does the Olympics belong to? Well, this brings me to the end of my presentation. Thank you for listening.
