第二次世界大戦を追求しているサイトです。Lesley Blumeさんという女性ジャーナリストの書籍。
死の灰ー隠蔽された広島、と訳したらいいのでしょうか？今朝ふとオンにしたラジオ（米軍放送の朝のニュース）で流れていて、ただThe Hiroshima Cover-upが気になって検索したらGOOGLEさんでもYoutubeでも紹介されていました。（以下の英文要約を追記していきます。ラジオのインタビューです。わかりやすいかと思います。一応UPしておきます！）
122 - Fallout: The Hiroshima Cover-up
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e4z-e1srVNk
Fallout: The Hiroshima Cover-up and the Reporter Who Revealed It to the World.←書籍の正確なタイトルです。「死の灰ー広島の隠蔽とそれを世界に明らかにしたレポーター」
Reporter's Role In Exposing Hiroshima Cover-Up Explored In 'Fallout' https://www.npr.org/2020/08/04/899060899/reporters-role-in-exposing-hiroshima-cover-up-explored-in-fallout
NPR's Mary Louise Kelly talks with Lesley Blume about her new book, Fallout, which explores how reporter John Hersey uncovered the effects of the atomic bomb after the U.S. dropped it on Hiroshima.
MARY LOUISE KELLY, HOST:
At exactly 15 minutes past 8 in the morning on Aug. 6, 1945, Japanese time, at the moment when the atomic bomb flashed above Hiroshima, Miss Toshiko Sasaki, a clerk in the personnel department of the East Asia Tin Works, had just sat down at her place in the plant office and was turning her head to speak to the girl at the next desk. That rather ordinary sentence is the opening to the extraordinary August 1946 New Yorker article titled "Hiroshima." It was published a year after the United States dropped the first nuclear bomb on that city, a year in which the U.S. government had gone to great lengths to conceal the human devastation caused and to depict the bomb as a conventional, humane weapon.
１９４５年の１年後にジョン・ハーシーが書いた広島の記事の出だしは佐々木敏子さんが原発の光を見た箇所から始まります。https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1946/08/31/hiroshima←”Hiroshima"の記事です。米政府は原発の凄まじさを隠し、普通兵器と称していた。
★ジョン・リチャード・ハーシー（John Richard Hersey、1914年6月17日 - 1993年3月24日）は、アメリカ合衆国のジャーナリスト、小説家。原爆投下直後の広島での取材をまとめたルポ「ヒロシマ（英語版）」で知られる。中国・天津生まれ。父親は宣教師で、両親は現地でYMCAの活動をしていた。10歳の時にアメリカに帰国、イェール大学とケンブリッジ大学に学ぶ。1936年に卒業後、シンクレア・ルイスの秘書兼「タイム」の海外特派員となる。第二次世界大戦中、特派員として欧州やアジア各地を転々とした。1944年、イタリアでの経験を基にした小説「アダノの鐘」を発表、1945年にピューリッツァー賞 小説部門を受賞した。1946年、原爆投下直後の広島での取材をまとめたルポ「ヒロシマ（英語版）」を「ザ・ニューヨーカー」に発表、大きな反響を得る。「ヒロシマ」は、アメリカでは学校の社会科の副読本として長きに渡り広く読み続けられ、また、20世紀アメリカジャーナリズムのTOP100の第1位に選出されている。1993年3月24日、78歳で死去。
The writer of the piece, John Hersey, uncovered a very different story reporting on the ground in Japan. Author and journalist Lesley Blume chronicles Hersey's work and the reaction to it in her new book "Fallout." She joins me now from Los Angeles.ジャーナリストのレスリー・ブルームさんは日本に降り立って全く異なる報告で事実を開示したハーシーさんの仕事を詳細に追跡（記録）し、その報告に対する反応を彼女の新しい本にまとめた。
Kelly, welcome.
LESLEY BLUME: Thank you.
KELLY: Start with who John Hersey was and how he came to be the one to tell this story. ジョン・ハーシーはどんな人でなぜ彼がこの事実を語ることになったか、から始めましょう。
BLUME: Well, John Hersey was a young World War II correspondent who had covered the action in different theaters throughout the war for Time magazine. And like many war correspondents then, he was pretty supportive of the U.S. military. And he even wrote an almost overly complimentary wartime bio of General Douglas MacArthur. And that the U.S. military knew him and trusted him would be an important factor in my story and how he eventually got his story about Hiroshima. And I don't want to give away too much, but I will say that how he got in was by being the perfect Trojan horse reporter. ジョン・ハーシーは第二次世界大戦の時タイムの海外特派員だった。多くの戦時中の海外特派員と同様米軍を支持していた。戦時中のマッカーサー将軍を過度に称賛した自伝さえ書いていた。米軍が彼を知り信頼していたことは私の物語の中で重要な要素であり、彼が広島について物語を書くことになった要因だった。うっかりあまり漏らしたくないけど彼が書けたのは完璧にトロイの馬のレポーターだったからよ。
KELLY: The perfect Trojan horse reporter. Well, you've hooked us. We're intrigued.完璧なトロイアの馬のレポーター。興味津々にさせます。
BLUME: (Laughter).笑い
KELLY: Once he got there, he didn't report this out as a war correspondent. He focused very much on ordinary people, and he picked six of them. Why did he want to tell the story in that way?広島に行った時、彼は戦争の特派員としては報告しなかった。普通の人々に焦点を当てたのです。６人を選んだのですが、なぜそのような方法で物語を告げたかったのでしょうか。
BLUME: Well, I mean, the fact of the matter is that the bombing of Hiroshima was widely reported when it happened. And it was reported as a very big end-of-days story. I mean, there were pictures of the mushroom clouds that were released and pictures - the landscape devastation. But there were no pictures that were released or no stories that were released about the human toll that had happened on the ground there. And the government was really going to enormous lengths to cover up the reality of the atomic aftermath in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. They were very concerned with, as the former secretary of war put it, not being seen as having outdone Hitler in atrocities.広島への原発投下は広く報じられた。いろいろ考慮され報道された。キノコ雲や破壊された都市の写真など～。しかし死者の写真も犠牲者の数も発表しなかった。広島、長崎の原発投下後の現実を隠蔽した。ヒットラーの残虐の後塵を拝する行為のように見られないよう配慮した～。
So Hersey and his editors at The New Yorker magazine became determined to tell the story from the point of view of survivors. You know, these were among the only humans who have ever experienced what it's like to be on the receiving end of a nuclear attack. He ultimately picked a widow with young kids, a young female clerk, two medics, a priest, and a minister with a young family. And his idea was to create a sense of empathy in his readers with these individuals because, after all, not everybody could understand the physics of how the bombs worked or visualize, you know, an all-out nuclear attack. But anyone could relate to being a mother or a father or colleague or a doctor who was going about their everyday business when catastrophe strikes.それでニューヨーカーのハーシーと編集者たちは生き残った者たちの視点から物語を告げる決意をした。原発攻撃の結果がどういうものか実際に経験した人々である。彼は最終的に幼い子どもたちのいる未亡人の女性、若い女性事務員、二人の医師、牧師、小さい子供がいる大臣を選んだ。彼の考えはこれらの人々への同情を読者に喚起させることだった。なぜなら誰もいかに原発が機能したのかの物理的な原理を知らなかったし、それを可視化もできなかった。全面的な核攻撃。しかし誰でも大惨事の時に母親や父親や同僚、医者であるかれらに自らの日常を結びつけることができた。
KELLY: I wonder if you would give us a sense - just one telling story of what he did find when he was there, what it was that so shocked American readers who had no idea what was unfolding in Japan. 一つの物語、誰も日本でありえると想像しなかったアメリカ人がショックを受けた彼が見つけた物語を一つ話してほしい。
BLUME: One story that particularly resonated with him is he interviewed a young female clerk who was in her company when the bomb was detonated.特に彼の心に響いた物語は原発が投下された時会社にいた若い女性へのインタビューである。
KELLY: This is the clerk I mentioned in the intro.冒頭でのべた事務員。
BLUME: Exactly - one of the most famous introductions in journalistic history. And when the bomb exploded over her factory, bookshelves fell upon her, and she was nearly crushed to death by books. And he thought how ironic it was to have somebody nearly crushed by books within the first moments of the atomic age. And literally, when he was leaving Hiroshima and standing on the surprisingly intact train station platform, he thought that he was going to have to write about that line. And that's one of the incidents that most resonated with readers.そう。ジャーナリストの歴史の中で最も有名な冒頭の書き出しの一つ。原発が向上も上で炸裂した時、本棚が彼女の上に倒れてきて彼女はほとんど本によって押しつぶされそうになった。彼は核兵器の時代のまさに最初に本で押しつぶされそうになったことに、何というアイロニー（皮肉）だろうと思った。
KELLY: So August 1946, The New Yorker publishes. What was the reaction, both in the United States and around the world, to this story?
BLUME: Well, in Hersey's own words, the reaction was, quote, "explosive." I mean, I try not to use that word in my book for obvious reasons, but he did. And the article was simply titled "Hiroshima." And it comprised nearly the entire contents of the Aug. 31, 1946, issue of The New Yorker. It sold out immediately. There were even black-market copies of it going for, you know, astronomical sums. It was syndicated in its entirety. And this is a 30,000-word story in newspapers across the country and around the world. ハーシーの言葉を借りると反応は爆発的だった。私はその語を本の中で使わないようにしたが彼は使った。そして記事はシンプルに広島と名付けた。１９４６年８月３１日のニューヨーカーの全てのコンテンツを含んでいた。すぐに売れた。ブラックマーケットの複製も登場した。天文学的な収益。その全体がシンジケートされた。それはアメリカや世界で新聞の３万語の物語である。
And editors and reporters and readers were enraged. They were horrified by the testimonies in Hersey's "Hiroshima." And they also began demanding to know, what else was the U.S. government withholding from the U.S. public? And then when President Truman was asked by a reporter if he had personally read it, he retorted, I never read The New Yorker. It just makes me mad. 編集者やリポーターや読者は怒った。かれらはハーシーによる広島の証言に恐れた。そして彼らは政府が国民に他に何を保留（秘匿）しているのか、知る権利を要求し始めた。トゥルーマン大統領がリポーターからそれを個人的に読んだかと聞かれた時、ニューヨーカーを決して読んだことがないと切り返した。怒り心頭だ。
KELLY: (Laughter).
BLUME: But the fact is that the government had been put very much on the defensive. That said, you know, they didn't want to look like they were on the defensive, but they were. And they had to scramble to try to reclaim the narrative.実際は政府はとても自己弁護的だった。彼らは自己弁護をしているように見せたくなかった、しかしそうだった。そして彼らは急いで従来の説を取り戻そうとした。
KELLY: John Hersey, as you document, was famously not about garnering publicity. He hid out and didn't give interviews about this the way you might expect somebody to do now. ジョン・ハーシーは自己宣伝するような人ではなかった。現在のようにインタビューに応えることはなかった。
BLUME: Yeah, he was a publicist's nightmare.彼は広報の悪夢だった。
KELLY: Right. A publicist's nightmare - absolutely. Do we know, though, if he felt like the article accomplished what he hoped it would in terms of being a wake-up call to Americans to consider what their government had done in their name?
確かに。しかし彼がアメリカ人に彼らの政府がその名においてやったことをについて考える目覚ましになることを希望しそれが達成されたと感じていたとすると～。
BLUME: Yeah. He did feel that he had contributed to deterrence. I mean, the fact is that there has not been another nuclear attack, you know, in the vein of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. And Hersey said that, quote, "What has kept the world safe from the bombs since 1945 has been the memory of what happened at Hiroshima." And thanks in large part to him and those brave enough to share their stories of survival with him, we know what really happened in Hiroshima and how horrible it was. So in many ways, Hiroshima has become, you know, a pillar of deterrence. 彼は抑止に貢献したと感じていた。事実は長崎や広島みたいな別の核攻撃はない。1945年の核兵器以来何が世界を平和にしたかは、広島に何が起こったかの記憶ゆえだった。
That said, Hersey was very worried by the 1980s when the Cold War was surging again - that as the memory of Hiroshima dimmed, it was beginning to lose its potency as a deterrent. And that's really to the peril of all. And now, you know, look where we are. We're, you know, in the most dangerous nuclear landscape ever.
KELLY: What made you want to tell this story now?
BLUME: Well, look. I mean, over the past four years, to be honest, I have been angered and disgusted by the unprecedented journalists-are-the-enemy-of-the-people assault on our free press. These attacks have also felt very personal to me. My father was a journalist. He was Walter Cronkite's writer and speechwriter. I have spent my professional life in newsrooms working alongside people of enormous integrity who have devoted their lives to the public good.
And I wanted to write a historical story reminding Americans of the profound importance of our press and of investigative journalism and that journalists at their best are working for the common good. And Hersey's story was the purest, sharpest example of that that I could find. And you know, as you say, although he never sought the spotlight himself, I also hugely admired his deep decency, and I feel like we all need a dose of that in this country right now.
KELLY: And what you're noting, if I'm hearing you right, is this is a story, of course, about John Hersey. It's a story about Hiroshima. It's also a story about the power of journalism and one journalist to change the world.
BLUME: Absolutely.
KELLY: Lesley Blume - she's the author of "Fallout: The Hiroshima Cover-up And The Reporter Who Revealed It To The World."
Thank you for talking with us.
BLUME: Thank you so much for having me on.
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