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[日本語で聴くTED talks]スティーブン・ピンカー: データで見ると、世界は良くなっているのか、悪くなっているのか?

2020-01-24 12:14:30 | アメリカの文化・政治・ジェンダー・軍事

最近Steven Pinker の原書を購入しました。すでに日本語版も出版されているのですが、英語バージョンははるかに安いです。このTED動画はピンカーの考えが集約されています。
学生にも紹介したのですが、アメリカから見た世界のFACTリアリティーに富んでいます。

Articles and essays

[日本語で聴くTED talks]スティーブン・ピンカー: データで見ると、世界は良くなっているのか、悪くなっているのか?

 ウィキピーディアから一部転載です!

Steven Pinker

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Steven Pinker
102111 Pinker 344.jpg
Born
Steven Arthur Pinker

September 18, 1954 (age 65)
MontrealQuebec, Canada
Nationality Canadian
American
Notable work
Spouse(s)
 
Alma mater
Awards Troland Award (1993, National Academy of Sciences),
Henry Dale Prize (2004, Royal Institution),
Walter P. Kistler Book Award (2005),
Humanist of the Year award (2006, issued by the AHA),
George Miller Prize (2010, Cognitive Neuroscience Society), Richard Dawkins Award (2013)
Scientific career
Fields Evolutionary psychologyexperimental psychologycognitive sciencepsycholinguisticsvisual cognition
Institutions Harvard University
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
New College of the Humanities
Thesis The Representation of Three-dimensional Space in Mental Images (1979)
Doctoral advisor Stephen Kosslyn
Influences Noam Chomsky,[1] Richard DawkinsSam HarrisChristopher HitchensDaniel Dennett,
 
 
 
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0:00
from the BBC program Desert Island Discs, 30 June 2013[2]
Website www.stevenpinker.com

Steven Arthur Pinker (born September 18, 1954[3][4]) is a Canadian-American cognitive psychologistlinguist, and popular science author. He is Johnstone Family Professor in the Department of Psychology at Harvard University, and is known for his advocacy of evolutionary psychology and the computational theory of mind.

Pinker's academic specializations are visual cognition and psycholinguistics. His experimental subjects include mental imagery, shape recognition, visual attention, children's language development, regular and irregular phenomena in language, the neural bases of words and grammar, and the psychology of cooperation and communication, including euphemisminnuendo, emotional expression, and common knowledge. He has written two technical books that proposed a general theory of language acquisition and applied it to children's learning of verbs. In particular, his work with Alan Prince published in 1989 critiqued the connectionist model of how children acquire the past tense of English verbs, arguing instead that children use default rules such as adding "-ed" to make regular forms, sometimes in error, but are obliged to learn irregular forms one by one.

Pinker is also the author of eight books for general audiences. His earlier works argue that the human faculty for language is an instinct, an innate behavior shaped by natural selection and adapted to our communication needs. The Language Instinct (1994), How the Mind Works (1997), Words and Rules (2000), The Blank Slate (2002), and The Stuff of Thought (2007), describe aspects of [the field of] psycholinguistics and cognitive science, and include accounts of his own research. Pinker's The Sense of Style (2014), as a general style guide, is another language-oriented work. Informed by modern science and psychology, it offers advice on how to produce more comprehensible and unambiguous writing in nonfiction contexts and explains why so much of today's academic and popular writing is difficult for readers to understand.

Pinker's two other books for the public leave behind individual questions of language and learning in favor of broader societal themes. The Better Angels of Our Nature (2011) makes the case that violence in human societies has, in general, steadily declined with time, and identifies six major causes of this decline. Enlightenment Now (2018) continues the optimistic thesis of The Better Angels of Our Nature by using social science data from various sources to argue for a general improvement of the human condition over recent history.

Pinker has been named as one of the world's most influential intellectuals by various magazines. He has won awards from the American Psychological Association, the National Academy of Sciences, the Royal Institution, the Cognitive Neuroscience Society and the American Humanist Association. He delivered the Gifford Lectures at the University of Edinburgh in 2013. He has served on the editorial boards of a variety of journals, and on the advisory boards of several institutions. He has frequently participated in public debates on science and society.

  以下直にサイトへ飛んで下さい。英語版は日本語版よりはるかに情報が多く新しいです。https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Pinker

 


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